The Ethiopian calendar or Ethiopic calendar is the principal calendar used in Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Both the Patriarchate of Addis Ababa and all Ethiopia, and the Patriarchate of Asmara and all Eritrea do acknowledge the supremacy of honor and dignity of the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria on the basis that both Patriarchates were established by the Throne of Alexandria and that they have their roots in the Apostolic Church of Alexandria, and acknowledge that Saint Mark the Apostle is the founder of their Churches through the heritage and Apostolic evangelization of the Fathers of Alexandria.

* His full title is Pope and Lord Archbishop of the Great City of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Orthodox and Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle that is, in Egypt, Pentapolis, Libya, Nubia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea and all Africa.

It is bordered by Somalia to the southeast, Eritrea on its northern, the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea with Yemen on its eastern, and Ethiopia to the west and south.

It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast.

There is one road to Somalia at Layado ; three roads to Ethiopia: south from Ali Sabieh parallel to the railway to Dewele, N1 to Deda ' i on Ethiopia No 2, and an unimproved track north-west from Balho to Ethiopia No 2 ; and two to Eritrea: an unpaved track overland from Tadjoura via Randa and Assa Gaila to Aseb, and a coastal track from Obock to Aseb ;

Though Djibouti is nominally neutral, it broke off relations with Eritrea in November 1998, renewing relations in 2000.

Eritrea is an ancient name, associated in the past with its Greek form Erythraia, Ἐρυθραία, and its derived Latin form Erythræa.

It is also believed that Eritrea was on the route out of Africa that was used by early man to colonize the rest of the Old World.

Together with northern Somalia, Djibouti, and the Red Sea coast of Sudan, Eritrea is considered the most likely location of the land known to the ancient Egyptians as Punt ( or " Ta Netjeru ," meaning god's land ), whose first mention dates to the 25th century BC.

These permanent villages and towns predate those of southern Eritrea and northern Ethiopia suggesting, according to Peter Schmidt, "... it is they, not sites in Arabia that were the vital precursors to urban developments ... likewise students of evolution and distribution of languages now believe that Semitic and Cushitic languages are of African origin.

The EPLF now says it is committed to establishing a democratic form of government and a free-market economy in Eritrea.

Roughly 10 % of the population of Eritrea works in the public sector, fuel is strictly rationed, and all media outlets are state-run.

His government has also been condemned for allegedly arming and financing the insurgency in Somalia ; the United States is considering labeling Eritrea a " State Sponsor of Terrorism ," however, many experts on the topic have shied from this assertion, stating that " If there is one country where the fighting of extremists and terrorists was a priority when it mattered, it was Eritrea.

Eritrea has been nicknamed as the " North Korea of Africa ," and is among the harshest dictatorships in the world, where limitations on freedom of movement are extreme and punishments severe.

Eritrea is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the northeast and east by the Red Sea, on the west and northwest by Sudan, on the south by Ethiopia, and on the southeast by Djibouti.

Note that the border between Eritrea and Ethiopia is disputed.

This is a list of the extreme points of Eritrea, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.

The predominantly Biher-Tigrinya populated urban centers in Eritrea are the capital Asmara, Mendefera, Dekemhare, Adi Keyh, Adi Quala and Senafe, while there is a significant population of Biher-Tigrinya in other cities including Keren, and Massawa.

The remaining 95 % are Christians, so divided: 78 % of the Eritrean Orthodox faith, 12 % Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic ( whose mass is held in Ge ' ez as opposed to Latin ), and 5 % belonging to various Protestant and other Christian denominations, the majority of which belong to the ( Lutheran ) Evangelical Church of Eritrea.

The Italians suffered about 7, 000 killed and 1, 500 wounded in the battle and subsequent retreat back into Eritrea, with 3, 000 taken prisoner ; Ethiopian losses have been estimated around 4, 000 – 5, 000, but with 8, 000 wounded.

Rates in Eritrea are estimated as high as 350 per 100, 000 vaginal births.

Between November 1941 and September 1943, scattered Italian units ( totalling an estimated 7, 000 men ) fought a guerrilla war from the deserts of Eritrea and Somalia to the forests and mountains of Ethiopia.

Though there had been past attempts to publish magazines geared toward the Ethiopian community in the Twin Cities, Mestawet was the first to achieve regular publication and become widely distributed to the area's estimated 15, 000 or more immigrants from Ethiopia and Eritrea.

" The United States and the United Kingdom have ( similarly ) agreed to support the cession to Ethiopia of all of Eritrea except the Western province.

Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation.

They are predominately Muslim and are the only ethnic group in Eritrea to have Arabic as their communal language.

Western observers also have noted Eritrea ’ s excellent potential for quarrying ornamental marble and granite.

Eritrea ’ s poverty, the presence of large numbers of land mines, and the continued tensions that flare up between Eritrea and its neighbors have deterred the development of a tourist industry in Eritrea.

Although the attacks did not pose a threat to the stability of the Government of Eritrea ( the infiltrators have generally been killed or captured by government forces ), the Eritreans believe the National Islamic Front ( NIF ) in Khartoum supported, trained, and armed the insurgents.

The United Nations Security Council argues that Eritrea and Ethiopia have expanded their dispute to a second theater, Somalia.

Israeli-Eritrean ties are complicated by Israel's close ties to Ethiopia, who have shared an unfriendly dyad with Eritrea for a long time.

Several African countries have enacted legislation against it, including Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Togo, and Uganda.

However, giraffes have been extirpated from Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Guinea, Malawi, Mauritania and Senegal.

Among the earliest evidence of the game are fragments of a pottery board and several rock cuts found in Aksumite Ethiopia in Matara ( now in Eritrea ) and Yeha ( in Ethiopia ), which are dated by archaeologists to between the 6th and 7th century AD ; the game may have been mentioned by Giyorgis of Segla in his 14th century Ge ' ez text " Mysteries of Heaven and Earth ," where he refers to a game called qarqis, a term used in Ge ' ez to refer to both Gebet ' a ( Mancala ) and Sant ' araz ( modern sent ' erazh, Ethiopian Chess ).

Modern archaeological evidence increasingly supports Sheba being located in modern Yemen at or near the site of the famous Marib Dam, which was first built in 5 century BC They may have expanded at some point from Arabia into Africa to found trading posts in the lands currently called Eritrea and Somalia

Israeli-Eritrean ties are complicated by Israel's close ties to Ethiopia, who have shared an unfriendly dyad with Eritrea for a long time.

A UN plebiscite voted 46 to 10 to have Eritrea be federated with Ethiopia which was later stipulated on December 2, 1950 in resolution 390 ( V ).

Eritrea would have its own parliament and administration and would be represented in what had been the Ethiopian parliament and would become the federal parliament.

* Most states in Sub-Saharan Africa after independence, although all except Eritrea have eventually converted to a de jure multi-party system ;

For these reasons we will have to avoid these malaises in tomorrow's Eritrea ".

The general election, which should have been held in the summer of 1998, was postponed because of the outbreak of war between Ethiopia and Eritrea in May 1998.