First you have the National Court of Justice, which seats 21 judges elected for a period of 9 years.

* Human Rights First ; Tortured Justice: Using Coerced Evidence to Prosecute Terrorist Suspects ( 2008 )

Chief Justice Morrison Waite, who consulted the historian George Bancroft, also discussed at some length the Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments by James Madison, who drafted the First Amendment ; Madison used the metaphor of a " great barrier.

Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. asserted that " if there is a bedrock principle underlying the First Amendment, it is that government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply because society finds the idea offensive or disagreeable.

There are currently two major blocs of political parties in Venezuela: the incumbent leftist bloc United Socialist Party of Venezuela ( PSUV ), its major allies Fatherland for All ( PPT ) and the Communist Party of Venezuela ( PCV ), and the opposition bloc led by A New Era ( UNT ) together with its allied parties Project Venezuela, Justice First, Movement for Socialism ( Venezuela ) and others.

In 1921, after the First World War, President Warren G. Harding appointed Taft Chief Justice of the United States.

The Justice Department agreed to allow the purchase if First National was maintained as a separate company.

Though the companies merged, the Justice Department required Warner to produce and release a few films each year under the First National name until 1938.

Justice Kennedy's majority opinion found that the BCRA § 203 prohibition of all independent expenditures by corporations and unions violated the First Amendment's protection of free speech.

Justice Kennedy's opinion for the majority also noted that since the First Amendment ( and the Court ) do not distinguish between media and other corporations, these restrictions would allow Congress to suppress political speech in newspapers, books, television and blogs.

On June 19, 1987 the Supreme Court, in a seven to two majority opinion written by Justice William J. Brennan, ruled that the Act constituted an unconstitutional infringement on the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, based on the three-pronged Lemon test, which is:

In his majority opinion, Justice Holmes introduced the clear and present danger test, which would become an important concept in First Amendment law ; but the Schenck decision did not formally adopt the test.

In Abrams, Holmes and Justice Brandeis dissented and encouraged the use of the clear and present test, which provided more protection for speech .< ref > Killian, p. 1094. Rabban, p 346 .</ br > Redish, p 102 .</ ref > In 1925's Gitlow v. New York, the Court extended the First Amendment to the states, and upheld the conviction of Gitlow for publishing the " Left Wing Manifesto ".

Chief Justice Fred Vinson's opinion stated that the First Amendment does not require that the government must wait " until the putsch is about to be executed, the plans have been laid and the signal is awaited " before it interrupts seditious plots.

Other honours she held included Member First Class of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert, Lady of the Imperial Order of the Crown of India, and Lady of Justice of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.

* Novak, Michael, Defining Social Justice, First Things

Indeed, Chief Justice William Rehnquist repeatedly criticized the Court's invention of corporate constitutional " rights ," most famously in his dissenting opinion in the 1978 case First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti.

He is also founder and president of the American Center for Law and Justice, a public interest law firm that defends Christians whose First Amendment rights have allegedly been violated.

* Family Law and the Family Court of Australia: The First 25 Years-by former Chief Justice Nicholson and M Harrision ( Melbourne University Law Review )

President and First Lady Kennedy with Chief Justice and Mrs. Warren, November 1963

* The Crime Syndicate was brought back three times: First as Qwardians the Justice League fought years ago, then post-Zero Hour as people from the Earth of the Antimatter Universe, and finally as the Crime Society of America in 52 and Countdown

The Treaty provided for the creation of subsidiary courts below the European Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance to deal with special areas of law such as patents.

The appointment of Queen's Counsel is made on the recommendation of the Lord Justice General to the First Minister of Scotland, formerly the Secretary of State for Scotland.

Joseph H. Lumpkin ( 1799 – 1867 ) First Chief Justice of the Georgia Supreme Court, framed the state's penal code, cofounder of the Lumpkin Law School at UGA

* Robert L. Williams – First Chief Justice of Oklahoma Supreme Court, third Governor of the State of Oklahoma.

Specifically, Harlan, citing Justice Brandeis ' opinion in Whitney v. California, emphasized that the First Amendment operates to protect the inviolability of the marketplace of ideas imagined by the Founding Fathers.

" bsent a more particularized and compelling reason for its actions ," Harlan continued, " the State may not, consistently with the First and Fourteenth Amendments, make the simple public display of this single four-letter expletive a criminal offense.

Thus, Harlan ’ s arguments can be constructed in three major points: First, states ( California ) cannot censor their citizens in order to make a “ civil ” society.

Thus, for example, Harlan believed that the First Amendment's free speech clause applied to the states, but that the Fifth Amendment's self incrimination clause did not.

In many cases, Harlan took a fairly broad view of First Amendment rights such as the freedom of speech and of the press, although he thought that the First Amendment applied directly only to the federal government.

Harlan penned the majority opinion in Cohen v. California, holding that wearing a jacket emblazoned with the words " Fuck the Draft " was speech protected by the First Amendment.

Justice Harlan is credited for the establishing that the First Amendment protects the freedom of association.

Justice Harlan wrote " bsent a more particularized and compelling reason for its actions, the State may not, consistently with the First and Fourteenth Amendments, make the simple public display of this single four-letter expletive a criminal offense.

Harlan wished to extend First Amendment protection to instances in which, though the majority's test was satisfied, the regulation at issue additionally had " the effect of entirely preventing a ‘ speaker ’ from reaching a significant audience with whom he could not otherwise lawfully communicate.

Sergeant Harlan Sanders: First Sergeant Harlan Sanders was born on Johannesburg Island shortly after the Antimatter War.

The 1894 – 95 series began in sensational fashion when England won the First Test at Sydney by just 10 runs having followed on.

The 2009 series began with a tense draw in the First Test at SWALEC Stadium in Cardiff, with final pair James Anderson and Monty Panesar surviving 69 balls.

Australian English began its development after the landing of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove.

The First World War began in August 1914 and Montgomery moved to France with his regiment that month.

German operational theories began to evolve immediately after Germany's defeat in the First World War.

After the end of the First World War, a chalk quarry known as the Swamps was identified as Charlton's new ground, and in the summer of 1919 work began to create the level playing area and remove debris from the site.

Valderrama began his career at Unión Magdalena of the Colombian First Division in 1981.

Following the northerly retreat of glaciers at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation over ten thousand years ago, human settlement by Native Americans or First Nations began in the Maritimes with Paleo-Indians during the Early Period, ending around six thousand years ago.

The two recent conflicts ( the First and Second Congo Wars ), which began in 1996, have dramatically reduced national output and government revenue, have increased external debt, and have resulted in deaths of more than five million people from war, and associated famine and disease.

The use of the title First Lady to describe the spouse or hostess of an executive began in the United States.

First, second-generation Allied fighters such as the Hellcat and the P-38, and later the Corsair, the P-47 and the P-51, began arriving in numbers.

It was Shepherd who first used the English term " first aid for the injured " First aid training began to spread through the empire through organisations such as St. John, often starting, as in the UK, with high risk activities such as ports and railways.

The First Vatican Council was convoked by Pope Pius IX on 29 June 1868, after a period of planning and preparation that began on 6 December 1864.

The First Lateran Council was called by Pope Callistus II whose reign began February 1, 1119.

Thus early 1950s historian of fandom Jack Speer began to label successive generations of fans as First Fandom, Second Fandom, Third Fandom, and so forth ... all the way to Seventh Fandom and beyond.

Treatment of vernaculars began gradually during the High Middle Ages, with isolated works such as the First Grammatical Treatise, but became influential only in the Renaissance and Baroque periods.

Lineker began his football career at Leicester City and became known as a prolific goalscorer ; despite failing to score in his first ten games, he finished as the First Division's joint top goalscorer in 1984 – 85 and earned his first England cap.

Lineker began scoring prolifically in the early 1980s, helping Leicester win promotion to the First Division in 1980 and again in 1983.

Unable to fight on the front lines, he began working as an orderly in the Voluntary Aid Detachment ( VAD ) in the First Western General Hospital, Fazakerley, located on the outskirts of Liverpool.

In 1886, he began teaching concurrently at the Royal Military Academy, and was promoted to Professor First Class in 1889.

) This instigated the Crimean War in 1854 and began a tenser period of minor clashes among the globe-spanning empires of Europe that set the stage for the First World War.

While emigration began to tail off in England and Wales after the First World War, it continued apace in Scotland, with 400, 000 Scots, ten per cent of the population, estimated to have left the country between 1921 and 1931.

The First Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century, merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation.

First Etica and then Iniciales, which began in 1929, were the publications of the group, which lasted until the Spanish Civil War.

* 1921 – Greco-Turkish War: The First Battle of İnönü, the first battle of the war, began near Eskişehir in Anatolia.