For isotopes lighter than 112 u, the primary decay mode is electron capture and the dominant decay product is element 47 ( silver ).

For example, a term used in the past for contamination by radioactive isotopes was Sunshine units .< ref >

For many geologic applications, isotope ratios are measured in minerals that give the amount of time that has passed since a rock passed through its particular closure temperature, the point at which different radiometric isotopes stop diffusing into and out of the crystal lattice.

For rocks dating back to the beginning of the solar system, this requires extremely long-lived parent isotopes, making measurement of such rocks ' exact ages imprecise.

For instance, uranium and thorium have no stable isotopes but occur naturally in the Earth's crust and atmosphere.

For example, according to Callen, " in absolute thermodynamic equilibrium all radioactive materials would have decayed completely and nuclear reactions would have transmuted all nuclei to the most stable isotopes.

For a list half-lives in this timescale, see: List of isotopes by half-life

For instance, the variation in the ratios of stable hydrogen isotopes across latitudes makes it possible to roughly establish the origins of migrant birds using mass spectrometric analysis of feather samples.

For example, some stable isotopes like neon-21 and neon-22 are produced in several routes of nucleogenic synthesis, and thus only part of their abundance is primordial.

For further details see commonly used gamma emitting isotopes.

For instance, one kilogram of potassium contains 0. 12 gram of < sup > 40 </ sup > K ( all other isotopes are stable ) that has a of 1. 248years = 39. 38 seconds, and has

For best result the researcher would need to know the original levels, or an estimation thereof, of isotopes in the organism at the time of its death.

For example, natural uranium is not significantly radioactive, but pitchblende, a uranium ore, is 13 times more radioactive because of the radium and other daughter isotopes it contains.

For example, the isotope effect is used so extensively to investigate chemical mechanisms and the use of cosmogenic isotopes and long-lived unstable isotopes in geology that it is best to consider much of isotopic chemistry as separate from nuclear chemistry.

For biochemical and physiological experiments and medical methods, a number of specific isotopes have important applications.

For some isotopes the half-life is so short that preparation and measurement is difficult.

For short-lived isotopes such as < sup > 11 </ sup > C, very rapid synthetic methods have been developed to permit the rapid addition of the radioactive isotope to the molecule.

For example, in 1925 the problematic chlorine was found to be composed of the isotopes Cl-35 and Cl-37, in proportions such that the average weight of natural chlorine was about 35. 45 times that of hydrogen.

For example, the incidence of < sup > 18 </ sup > O ( the heavy isotope of oxygen ) can be used as an indicator of polar ice sheet extent, and boron isotopes are key indicators of the pH and CO < sub > 2 </ sub > content of oceans in the geologic past.

For instance, we could apply survival analysis to a mixture of stable and unstable carbon isotopes ; unstable isotopes would decay sooner or later, but the stable isotopes would last indefinitely.

For example, the isotopes of hydrogen can be written as < sup > 1 </ sup > H, < sup > 2 </ sup > H and < sup > 3 </ sup > H, with the mass number at top left.

For, with a single exception, nothing had happened to them.

For Tom Horn, it turned out, had a number of rancher and cowboy witnesses ready and willing to swear with straight faces that he had been in Bates Hole the day of the killing.

For a brief period each year, the rays of the sun are warm enough to melt some of the snows piled a mile deep at the base of the headwalls, and then the pinnacles glisten in the daytime at high noon, and billions of gallons of water begin their slow seepage under the glaciers and across the rockstrewn hanging valleys on their long, meandering journey to the sea -- running east past the sky-carving massifs of Gurla Mandhata and Kemchenjunga, then turning south and curling down through the jungles of Assam, past the Khasi Hills, and into Bengal, past Sirinjani and Madaripur, until the hard water of the melting snows mingles with the soft drainage of fields and at length fans out to meld with the teeming salt depths of the Bay of Bengal.

For several months now, Jack Carter, a big overgrown boy of fifteen with a fuzzy, pimpled face and greenish catlike eyes with a lot of red in them, had been haunted by a dream, a vision, of a Woman.

For Mr. Taylor's Images And Reflections she made some diaphanous tents that alternately hide and reveal the performer, and a girl's cape lined with grass.

For the family is the simplest example of just such a unit, composed of people, which gives us both some immunity from, and a way of dealing with, other people.

For several generations much fiction has appeared dealing with the steprelationship.

For the President had dealt with the matter humbly, in what he conceived as the democratic way.

'', and `` Too Marvelous For Words '' ( all with Richard Whiting ) ; ;

William Wimsatt and Cleanth Brooks, it seems to me, have a penetrating insight into the way in which this control is effected: `` For if we say poetry is to talk of beauty and love ( and yet not aim at exciting erotic emotion or even an emotion of Platonic esteem ) and if it is to talk of anger and murder ( and yet not aim at arousing anger and indignation ) -- then it may be that the poetic way of dealing with these emotions will not be any kind of intensification, compounding, or magnification, or any direct assault upon the affections at all.

For some time, despondency in some Northern quarters had been displayed in two ways -- an eagerness for peace and a dissatisfaction with Lincoln.

For if Serenissimus made the sign of the Cross with his right hand, and meant it, with his left he beckoned lewdly to any lady who happened to catch his eye.

For those little men with the short whiskers, shaven polls, and top knots Suvorov reserved a special esteem.

For some reason, none of them were impressed with the territorial capital.

For example, he captured some persons from York County, who with teams were taking to Philadelphia the furniture of a man who had just been released from prison through the efforts of his wife, and who apparently was helpless to prevent the theft of his household goods.

For as his companions gradually dissolve back into a state of primitive confrontation with elemental necessity, as they lose all the appanage of their acquired culture, he is overcome by the feeling that he is at last being confronted with the essence of mankind.

`` For six years my father had had to do too much commanding and convincing, '' writes the narrator, `` not to understand that man begins with ' the other ' ''.

For a dawning sense of illumination occurs in consequence of two events which, as so often in Malraux, suddenly confront a character with the existential question of the nature and value of human life.

In his recent book, Hurray For Anything ( 1957 ), one of the most important short poems -- and it is the title poem for one of the long jazz arrangements -- is written for recital with jazz.

For a particularly fabulous room which houses a collection of fine English Chippendale furniture, fabric wall panels were embroidered with a typically Chinese-inspired design of this revered Eighteenth Century period.

For the first time in history the entire world is dominated by two large, powerful nations armed with murderous nuclear weapons that make conventional warfare of the past a nullity.