Formally, the theorem is stated as follows: There exist unique integers q and r such that a = qd + r and 0 ≤ r < | d |, where | d | denotes the absolute value of d.

Formally, a deterministic algorithm computes a mathematical function ; a function has a unique value for any given input, and the algorithm is a process that produces this particular value as output.

Formally, the right Kan extension of along consists of a functor and a natural transformation which is couniversal with respect to the specification, in the sense that for any functor and natural transformation, a unique natural transformation is defined and fits into a commutative diagram

Formally, the singular value decomposition of an m × n real or complex matrix M is a factorization of the form

Formally, a bifunctor is a functor whose domain is a product category.

Formally, if M is a set, the identity function f on M is defined to be that function with domain and codomain M which satisfies

Formally, we are given a set of hypotheses and a set of manifestations ; they are related by the domain knowledge, represented by a function that takes as an argument a set of hypotheses and gives as a result the corresponding set of manifestations.

Formally, a constraint satisfaction problem is defined as a triple, where is a set of variables, is a domain of values, and is a set of constraints.

Formally, a non-empty partially ordered set ( D, ≤) is called a Scott domain if the following hold:

Formally, the Common Security and Defence Policy is the domain of the European Council, which is an EU institution, whereby the heads of member states meet.

Formally, if f is a harmonic function, then f cannot exhibit a true local maximum within the domain of definition of f. In other words, either f is a constant function, or, for any point inside the domain of f, there exist other points arbitrarily close to at which f takes larger values.

Formally organized vocational programs supported by federal funds allow high school students to gain experience in a field of work which is likely to lead to a full-time job on graduation.

Formally, a binary operation on a set S is called associative if it satisfies the associative law:

Formally, their designation is the letter Ž and the number.

Formally, a topological space X is called compact if each of its open covers has a finite subcover.

Formally, the set of all context-free languages is identical to the set of languages accepted by pushdown automata ( PDA ).

Formally, the derivative of the function f at a is the limit

More rigorously, the divergence of a vector field F at a point p is defined as the limit of the net flow of F across the smooth boundary of a three dimensional region V divided by the volume of V as V shrinks to p. Formally,

Formally, the base is known as Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia ( the US activity ) or Permanent Joint Operating Base ( PJOB ) Diego Garcia ( the UK's term ).

Formally, there is a clear distinction: " DFT " refers to a mathematical transformation or function, regardless of how it is computed, whereas " FFT " refers to a specific family of algorithms for computing DFTs.

Formally, oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100 % ionic.

Formally, a set S is called finite if there exists a bijection

Formally, the system is said to have memory.

Formally, an inner product space is a vector space V over the field together with an inner product, i. e., with a map

* Formally, when working over the reals, as here, this is accomplished by considering the limit as ε → 0 ; but the " infinitesimal " language generalizes directly to Lie groups over general rings.

Formally, a profinite group is a Hausdorff, compact, and totally disconnected topological group: that is, a topological group that is also a Stone space.

Formally, this sharing of dynamics is referred to as universality, and systems with precisely the same critical exponents are said to belong to the same universality class.

Formally, a frame is defined to be a lattice L in which finite meets distribute over arbitrary joins, i. e. every ( even infinite ) subset

Formally, Φ = kx − ωt is the phase.

Formally, as per the 2002 Memorandum of Understanding between the BSI and the United Kingdom Government, British Standards are defined as:

Formally speaking, a collation method typically defines a total order on a set of possible identifiers, called sort keys, which consequently produces a total preorder on the set of items of information ( items with the same identifier are not placed in any defined order ).

Formally, these reside in a complex separable Hilbert space-variously called the " state space " or the " associated Hilbert space " of the system-that is well defined up to a complex number of norm 1 ( the phase factor ).

Formally it is defined by the equation

Limits and colimits in a category C are defined by means of diagrams in C. Formally, a diagram of type J in C is a functor from J to C:

Formally, the convex hull may be defined as the intersection of all convex sets containing X or as the set of all convex combinations of points in X.

Formally, a transductive support vector machine is defined by the following primal optimization problem:

Formally, powers with positive integer exponents may be defined by the initial condition

Formally, bending modulus is defined as the energy required to deform a membrane from its intrinsic curvature to some other curvature.

Formally, a Menger sponge can be defined as follows:

Formally, the case where only a subset of parameters is defined is still a composite hypothesis ; nonetheless, the term point hypothesis is often applied in such cases, particularly where the hypothesis test can be structured in such a way that the distribution of the test statistic ( the distribution under the null hypothesis ) does not depend on the parameters whose values have not been specified under the point null hypothesis.

Formally, the index of H in G is defined as the number of cosets of H in G. ( The number of left cosets of H in G is always equal to the number of right cosets.

Formally, the subhypergraph induced by a subset of is defined as

Formally, it is a norm defined on the space of bounded linear operators between two given normed vector spaces.

Formally, a cardinal κ is defined to be weakly compact if it is uncountable and for every function f: < sup > 2 </ sup > →

Formally, a Coxeter group can be defined as a group with the presentation

Formally, the Cantor function c: → is defined as follows:

Formally, the sets of free and bound names of a process in π – calculus are defined inductively as follows.

Formally, the mutual information of two discrete random variables X and Y can be defined as:

Formally, an absolute coequalizer of a pair in a category C is a coequalizer as defined above but with the added property that given any functor F ( Q ) together with F ( q ) is the coequalizer of F ( f ) and F ( g ) in the category D. Split coequalizers are examples of absolute coequalizers.