It was in the aftermath of 1968 that Guattari met Gilles Deleuze at the University of Vincennes and began to lay the ground-work for the soon to be infamous Anti-Oedipus ( 1972 ), which Michel Foucault described as " an introduction to the non-fascist life " in his preface to the book.

While Foucault himself was deeply involved in a number of progressive political causes and maintained close personal ties with members of the far-Left, he was also controversial with Leftist thinkers of his day, including those associated with various strains of Marxism, proponents of Left libertarianism ( e. g. Noam Chomsky ) and Humanism ( e. g. Jürgen Habermas ), for his rejection of what he deemed to be Enlightenment-derived concepts of freedom, liberation, self-determination and human nature.

Using ideas about power and subjectification first broached by Michel Foucault in Discipline and Punish, and the linguistic theories of J. L. Austin, Butler argued that sex was an effect rather than the cause of social gender difference, and that the fiction of a stable core gender identity was maintained through socially coerced performances of gender.

Michel Foucault believed that modern political theory was too state-centric, saying " Maybe, after all, the state is no more than a composite reality and a mythologized abstraction, whose importance is a lot more limited than many of us think.

Perhaps the most notable issue here was the nature of truth, which both Kuhn and Foucault described as a relative and contingent notion.

Drawing on Michel Foucault ’ s concept of liberal government, Tony Bennett has suggested the development of more modern 19th century museums was part of new strategies by Western governments to produce a citizenry that, rather than be directed by coercive or external forces, monitored and regulated its own conduct.

It was Foucault who gave the device its modern name, in an experiment to see ( Greek skopeein, to see ) the Earth's rotation ( Greek gyros, circle or rotation ), which was visible in the 8 to 10 minutes before friction slowed the spinning rotor.

Coining the phrases power-knowledge Foucault ( 1980 ) stated knowledge was both the creator of power and creation of power.

Twentieth-century French philosopher Michel Foucault argued that the Panopticon was paradigmatic of several 19th-century " disciplinary " institutions.

Michel Foucault (; born Paul-Michel Foucault ) ( 15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984 ) was a French philosopher, social theorist, historian of ideas, and literary critic.

Born into a middle-class family in Poitiers, Foucault was educated at the Lycée Henri-IV and then the École Normale Supérieure, where he developed a keen interest in philosophy and came under the influence of his tutors Jean Hyppolite and Louis Althusser.

Foucault died in Paris of neurological problems compounded by the HIV / AIDS virus ; he was the first famous figure in France to have died from the virus, with his partner Daniel Defert founding the AIDES charity in his memory.

Paul-Michel Foucault was born on 15 October 1926 in the small town of Poitiers, west-central France, as the second of three children to a prosperous and socially conservative upper-middle-class family.

He had been named after his father, Dr. Paul Foucault, as was the family tradition, but his mother insisted on the addition of the double-barrelled " Michel "; while he would always be referred to as " Paul " at school, throughout his life he always expressed a preference for " Michel ".

In 1930, Foucault began his schooling at the local Lycée Henry-IV despite the fact that he was two years younger than the usual entrance age of six.

During this period, Foucault was aided in his studies by a personal tutor, the philosopher Louis Girard.

Rejecting his father's wishes that he become a surgeon, in 1945 Foucault traveled to the French capital of Paris, where he enrolled in one of the country's most prestigious secondary schools, which was also known as the Lycée Henri-IV.

Attaining excellent results at the school, in the autumn of 1946 Foucault was admitted to the elite École Normale Supérieure ( ENS ); in order to get in, he had to undertake a series of exams and oral interrogation by Georges Canguilhem and Pierre-Maxime Schuhl.

Of the hundred students entering the ENS, Foucault was ranked fourth based on his entry results, and encountered the highly competitive nature of the institution.

Taking an interest in literature, Foucault was an avid reader of the book reviews authored by the philosopher Maurice Blanchot ( 1907 – 2003 ), which were published in the Nouvelle Revue Française.

The French historian Michel Foucault is widely known for his comprehensive critique of the use and abuse of the mental hospital system in Madness and Civilization.

A MEMS gyroscope takes the idea of the Foucault pendulum and uses a vibrating element, known as a MEMS ( Micro Electro-Mechanical System ).

Foucault is best known for his critical studies of social institutions, most notably psychiatry, social anthropology of medicine, the human sciences, and the prison system, as well as for his work on the history of human sexuality.

The more common attempts to bracket out Foucault's writings on Iran as " miscalculations ," reminds some authors of what Foucault himself had criticized in his well known 1969 essay, " What is an Author?

Philosopher Roger Scruton agrued that Foucault was a " fraud " because he exploited known difficulties of philosophy in order to " disguise unexamined premises as hard-won conclusions ".

While it had long been known that the Earth rotated, the introduction of the Foucault pendulum in 1851 was the first simple proof of the rotation in an easy-to-see experiment.

Jean Bernard Léon Foucault () ( 18 September 1819 – 11 February 1868 ) was a French physicist best known for the invention of the Foucault pendulum, a device demonstrating the effect of the Earth's rotation.

In 1850, he did an experiment using the Fizeau – Foucault apparatus to measure the speed of light ; it came to be known as the Foucault – Fizeau experiment, and was viewed as " driving the last nail in the coffin " of Newton's corpuscle theory of light when it showed that light travels more slowly through water than through air.

In France, members of this generation became leading intellectuals and philosophers in the wake of the May 1968 protests, including Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida and Alain Badiou, contributing to the phenomena known as " French theory " in US academia in the 1980s and 1990s.

In addition to criticizing artificial intelligence, Dreyfus is well known for making the work of continental philosophers, especially Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Michel Foucault, intelligible to analytically trained philosophers.

Here at least explains, from the Classical viewpoint, its approximate method with a large amount of traditional rationality for its oeuvre heavily reliant on tradition to make conclusions ' as final decisions ' towards conclusions. Foucault uses a rather unusual method involving oeuvre de la obscure meaning the ' obscure ' is seen as the building block for human rationality functioning as norms which become familiar to people, giving the uninformed their ' view ' and ' truth ' of the world. The uninformed means the uninformed who have no direct access to policy decision making therefore condemning those who work into a continuous comatose ignorance producing this network of power systems creating what Marx called ' labour power ' which recreate and recycle a functioning society ( comparable to a living breathing organism ) and the population of producers who have no monetary resources and ownership of capital wealth ; ownership of mines, banks, transportation equipment and machinery, such as aeroplanes car manufacturers and industry and therefore are confined to the bottom of the hiercharchical pyramid, producing the problematization of a society comparable to Ants or Bees which inform evolutionary biology, for example of human nature. While inaccurate and now known to be scientifically flawed, nevertheless it remains ' true ' from the classical perspective as opposed to the working population who are not uneducated or illiterate a wall which can be pieced.

Foucault would have known about von Uexkull due to his very close working association with Jean Hyppolite, Georges Canguilhem, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Gaston Bachelard and Maurice Blanchot.

Political means the institutions that are governing the rest of society ; government covered by legal institutions which gives both the political electorate, political executive and political legitimacy, Foucault traces this practice to the ancient Greek text from the Pythagoreans known as nomas ( meaning the law ) and according to this text the shepherd is the lawmaker, he directs the flock, indicates the right direction and says how the sheep must mate to have good offspring.

Foucault reads into this that the philosophy of raison d ' état having found its way into Europe through the Peace of Westphalia ( known as the Balance of power ); this can be found in the works of Italian political philosopher Giovanni Botero where Botero concluded that the state is a firm domination over peoples and to keep hold of its preservation one was expected to have knowledge of the appropriate means for founding preserving, and expanding such a domination.

Foucault then notices a point of departure pointing out the idea of sedition and revolt starts to enter texts, but ' the people ' proved elusive to define all around Europe, and never entered popular discussion, at first point of juncture was the privileged titled nobles appointed and rewarded through the honors system created by the monarch and sanctioned through the legal system of the day ; the entire nobility: Knights, Lords, count's, barons, dukes, earl's and their rivals began to become seen and known as ' the people '.

Foucault then gives examples of this procedure through the system known as raison d ' état, from this analytical view of the state by Claude Fleury, war, raising finance, justice ; there must be an abundance of men ( large scale phenomena of population ).

Foucault then introduces into his Ontogenetic and, Phylogenetic investigations the concept of ' police '; not the police of the criminal justice system as we know it today, but as concept known at that time as urbanization of the territory ; which means making the kingdom, the entire territory into a large industrious town.

Initially, however, this wasn ’ t the sole intention of the police as we know it where Foucault introduces the original founder of the system now known to us as the police. Nicolas Delamare ,( Foucault doesn ’ t mention the real founder of the police Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie which Foucault neglects to mention ).

This, Foucault notices produced two consensus correlations namely ; birth of economists, birth of the ‘’ publicistes ’’ known as economy and public opinion the two correlative elements of field of reality that is emerging as the direct correlate of government.

For a reader to assign the title of author upon any written work is to attribute certain standards upon the text which, for Foucault, are working in conjunction with the idea of " the author function ".

Literary critics Barthes and Foucault suggest that readers should not rely on or look for the notion of one overarching voice when interpreting a written work, because of the complications inherent with a writer's title of " author.

Informed by the work of Noam Chomsky, Michel Foucault, and Antonio Gramsci, Edward Said is considered to be a founding figure for postcolonialism.

Such theorists find narrative ( or, following Nietzsche and Foucault, genealogy ) to be a helpful tool for understanding ethics because narrative is always about particular lived experiences in all their complexity rather than the assignment of an idea or norm to separate and individuated actions.

The French mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace, working at the École Polytechnique in Paris, recommended the machine for use as a teaching aid, and thus it came to the attention of Léon Foucault.

Refer to Foucault and the Encyclopedia of the Prison System for more details.

Prone to self-harm, in 1948 Foucault allegedly undertook a failed suicide attempt, for which his father sent him to see the psychiatrist Jean Delay ( 1907 – 1987 ) at the Hôpital Sainte-Anne.

Foucault would subsequently experience a groundbreaking self-revelation when watching a Parisian performance of Samuel Beckett's new play, Waiting for Godot, in 1953.

While the latter attempted to convert the work into an epic opera, Foucault admired Broch's text for its portrayal of death as an affirmation of life.

In Uppsala, Foucault spent much of his spare time in the university's Carolina Rediviva library, where he made use of their Bibliotheca Walleriana collection of texts on the history of medicine for his ongoing research.

In part because of this rejection of his thesis, Foucault decided to leave Sweden and look for a post elsewhere.

The first step in the process was to obtain a rapporteur, or sponsor for the work, and Foucault found this in Georges Canguilhem.

The academics responsible for reviewing his work were concerned about the unconventional nature of his major thesis ; Henri Gouhier, one of the reviewers, noted that it was not a conventional work of history, making sweeping generalisations without sufficient particular argument, and that Foucault clearly " thinks in allegories ".

At the time, psychology was usually subsumed within the philosophy departments in French universities, and it was this subject that Foucault was primarily responsible for teaching.

Foucault intentionally made life at the university difficult for Garaudy, highlighting his various mistakes and refusing to talk to him, leading the latter to eventually accept a transfer to Poitiers.

It was in this stage of his life that Foucault met the young philosopher Daniel Defert ( 1937 –), and they would enter into a non-monogamous relationship that would last for the rest of Foucault's life.

Controversially, Foucault secured Defert a job at the university, even though other candidates for the post were better qualified.

Meanwhile, Foucault had been wanting to leave Clermont for some time, considering both Japan and Brazil as possible destinations, and finally did so at the end of the 1965 – 66 educational year.