His chief work on penance, the Liber poenitenitalis dedicated to Henry de Sully, exercised great influence on the many manuals of penance produced as a result of the Fourth Lateran Council.

Andrew, in contrast with the decisions of the Fourth Council of the Lateran, often employed Jews and Muslims in the royal household.

The government of the Fourth Republic includes a strong presidency, a prime minister, a Council of Ministers presided over by the president, a two-chamber National Assembly, and the judiciary.

At the Fourth Ecumenical Council at Chalcedon in 451, Constantinople was given jurisdiction over three dioceses for the reason that the city was " the residence of the emperor and senate ".

In 1215 he went to Rome in order to report to the Curia on the condition and prospects of his mission, and was consecrated first " Bishop of Prussia " at the Fourth Council of the Lateran.

The Council is considered by the Roman Catholics, Eastern Catholic Churches, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Old Catholics, and various other Western Christian groups to have been the Fourth Ecumenical Council.

In 1215, the bishops of the Catholic Church met at the Fourth Council of the Lateran under Pope Innocent III.

* 663 – Fourth Council of Toledo takes place.

Fourth Council of the Lateran ( 1215 ) defined transubstantiation, addressed papal primacy and clerical discipline.

* Fourth Council of Constantinople ( 879 – 880 ) restored Photius to the See of Constantinople.

" The Fourth Council of the Lateran in 1215 had spoken of " Jesus Christ, whose body and blood are truly contained in the sacrament of the altar under the forms of bread and wine ; the bread being changed ( transsubstantiatis ) by divine power into the body, and the wine into the blood.

* 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes.

The Third Lateran Council and the Fourth Lateran Council are generally considered to be of much greater significance than Lateran I.

The Fourth Council of the Lateran was convoked by Pope Innocent III with the papal bull of April 19, 1213, and the Council gathered at Rome's Lateran Palace beginning November 11, 1215.

* Canons of the Fourth Lateran Council, 1215

* Fourth Lateran Council

The Fourth Council of Constantinople, as accepted by Eastern Orthodox churches as the Eighth Ecumenical Council, was held in 879 – 880.

* Catholic Encyclopedia: Fourth Council of Constantinople ( on the Council of 869 )

The Fourth Lateran Council ( 1215 ) forbade clandestine marriage, and required marriages to be publicly announced in churches by priests.

* 1204 – The Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade breach the walls of Constantinople and enter the city, which they completely occupy the following day.

* 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.

Alexios V Doukas, surnamed Mourtzouphlos (, d. December 1205, Constantinople ) was Byzantine Emperor ( 5 February – 12 April 1204 ) during the second and final siege of Constantinople by the participants of the Fourth Crusade.

* Jonathan Phillips, The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople ( London and New York, 2004 )

In the course of a plot between Philip of Swabia, Boniface of Montferrat and the Doge of Venice, the Fourth Crusade was, despite papal excommunication, diverted in 1203 against Constantinople, ostensibly promoting the claims of Alexius son of the deposed emperor Isaac.

By the 9th century, eunuch singers were well-known ( not least in the choir of Hagia Sophia ), and remained so until the sack of Constantinople by the Western forces of the Fourth Crusade in 1204.

In 1204 Constantinople fell to the Venetians and the Franks in the Fourth Crusade.

Pope Innocent III had always planned to gather an ecumenical council because of the limited results of the Third Crusade and the bitter results of the Fourth Crusade, which had led to the capture of Constantinople and large parts of the Byzantine Empire.

However, although the use of hastily improvised fireships is mentioned during the 1203 siege of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, no report confirms the use of the actual Greek fire.

Part of the relics were taken from Constantinople by Crusaders during the Fourth Crusade, in 1204, and ended up in Rome.

Of the icon painting tradition that developed in Byzantium, with Constantinople as the chief city, we have only a few icons from the 11th century and none preceding them, in part because of the Iconoclastic reforms during which many were destroyed, and also because of plundering by Venetians in 1204 during the Fourth Crusade, and finally the taking of the city by the Islamic Turks in 1453.

* 1203 – The Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople by assault.

Further heads, no longer available, were once held by the Knights Templar at Amiens Cathedral in France ( brought home by Wallon de Sarton from the Fourth Crusade in Constantinople ), at Antioch in Turkey ( fate uncertain ), and the parish church at Tenterden in Kent, where it was preserved up until the Reformation.

A Fourth Crusade was planned after the failure of the Third, but it resulted in the sack of Constantinople in 1204, and most of the crusaders involved never arrived in the kingdom.

This relative stability was ended by the sacking of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade ( 1204 ) and during the turmoil of the 13th century the island ownership was constantly affected by the regional power struggles.

After the Fourth Crusade, the Byzantine empire was divided up by the Latin emperors of Constantinople, with Chios nominally becoming a possession of the Republic of Venice.

* 869 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about patriarch Photius of Constantinople.

* The Fourth Council of Constantinople ( Roman Catholic ) ( October 5 869 – February 28 870 ) is called to decide action regarding Patriarch Photius of Constantinople.

* 869: Fourth Ecumenical Council of Constantinople condemns Photius.

Alexandria's objections to Constantinople's promotion, which led to a constant struggle between the two sees in the first half of the 5th century, were supported, at least until the Fourth Council of Constantinople of 869 – 870, by Rome, which proposed the theory that the most important sees were the three Petrine ones, with Rome in first place.

There are attempts to identify him with a Bishop Theodore of Caria who attended the Fourth Council of Constantinople in 869.

Australia went 2 – 0 up after three Tests, but England won the Fourth Test by 3 runs ( after a 70-run last wicket stand ) to set up the final decider, which was drawn.

* 1203 – Isaac II Angelos, restored Eastern Roman Emperor, declares his son Alexios IV Angelos co-emperor after pressure from the forces of the Fourth Crusade.

* 1574 – Guru Ram Das becomes the Fourth Sikh Guru / Master.

Fourth exile: under Apostate Emperor Julian, 10 months Oct 362 – 5 Sep 363 ; in the Egyptian desert.

* " Ninety years since the founding of the CCP – a Trotskyist apraisal ", International Committee of the Fourth International

* 1808 – Ludwig van Beethoven conducts and performs in concert at the Theater an der Wien, Vienna, with the premiere of his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto ( performed by Beethoven himself ) and Choral Fantasy ( with Beethoven at the piano ).

* 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Eylau – Napoléon's French Empire begins fighting against Russian and Prussian forces of the Fourth Coalition at Eylau, Poland.

* 1781 – Fourth Anglo-Dutch War: Captain Thomas Shirley opened his expedition against Dutch colonial outposts on the Gold Coast of Africa ( present-day Ghana ).

Historical Dictionary of the French Fourth and Fifth Republics, 1946 – 1991 ( 1992 )

The Fourth Republic, 1944 – 1958 ( 1989 ) ( The Cambridge History of Modern France )

* 1945 – World War II: The Red Army begins encircling the German Fourth Army near Heiligenbeil in East Prussia, which will end in destruction of the 4th Army two months later.

* 1807 – Emperor Napoleon's French Grande Armée defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland ( modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast ) ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.

* 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: the Peace of Tilsit between France, Prussia and Russia ends the War of the Fourth Coalition.

* 1993 – The Fourth Republic of Ghana is inaugurated with Jerry Rawlings as President.

* The Fourth John Butler Yeats Seminar, at the Swift Theatre, Trinity College, Dublin 10 – 12 September 2010 details