Ampère also applied this same principle to magnetism, showing the harmony between his law and French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb ’ s law of magnetic action.

The English word " amputation " was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie ( published in either 1597 or 1612 ); his work was derived from 16th century French texts and early English writers also used the words " extirpation " ( 16th century French texts tended to use extirper ), " disarticulation ", and " dismemberment " ( from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal ), or simply " cutting ", but by the end of the 17th century " amputation " had come to dominate as the accepted medical term.

Claude Monet () ( 14 November 18405 December 1926 ) was a founder of French impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting.

It is not until the 13th-century French prose romances, including the Lancelot-Grail and the Post-Vulgate Cycle, that Camelot began to supersede Caerleon, and even then, many descriptive details applied to Camelot derive from Geoffrey's earlier grand depiction of the Welsh town.

Now 19 years old, Eugene applied directly to Louis XIV for command of a company in French service, but the King – who had shown no compassion for Olympia's children since her disgrace – refused him out of hand.

The term film noir, French for " black film ," first applied to Hollywood films by French critic Nino Frank in 1946, was unrecognized by most American film industry professionals of that era.

In 1928 the club applied to the Association Internationale des Automobiles Clubs Reconnus ( AIACR ), the international governing body of motorsport, to be upgraded from a regional French club to full national status.

The Huygens – Fresnel principle ( named after Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens and French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel ) is a method of analysis applied to problems of wave propagation both in the far-field limit and in near-field diffraction.

French Impressionist Cinema is a term applied to a loosely defined group of films and filmmakers in France from 1919 – 1929, although these years are debatable.

At its inception during the French Revolution, the term was popularly applied to all supporters of revolutionary opinions.

Use of the term " Left " became more prominent after the restoration of the French monarchy in 1815 when it was applied to the " Independents ".

The French policy of assimilation and direct rule, however, was never applied with any vigor in Mauritania, where a system that corresponded more to Britain's colonial policies of association and indirect rule developed.

These obligations could be payable in several ways, in labor ( the French term corvée is conventionally applied ), in kind, or, on rare occasions, in coin.

After returning from Copenhagen, Abel applied for a government scholarship in order to visit top mathematicians in Germany and France ; but instead, he was granted 200 speciedaler yearly for two years, to stay in Cristiania and study German and French.

The word " police " was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces.

Blending Freud and De Saussure, the French ( post ) structuralist Jacques Lacan applied structuralism to psychoanalysis and, in a different way, Jean Piaget applied structuralism to the study of psychology.

In France, the name ultramontain was applied to people who supported papal authority in French political affairs, as opposed to the Gallican and Jansenist factions of the indigenous French Catholic Church.

The physician William Gorgas then applied these insights and eradicated yellow fever from Havana, and fought yellow fever during the construction of the Panama Canal after a previous effort on the part of the French failed ( in part due to the high incidence of yellow fever and malaria ).

* October 17 – Paris massacre of 1961: French police in Paris attack about 30, 000 protesting a curfew applied solely to Algerians.

The term android was used in a more modern sense by the French author Auguste Villiers de l ' Isle-Adam in his work Tomorrow's Eve ( 1886 ).

The al-prefix was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an " allegation " ( the French allegeance comes from the English ).

The term for the mountain peaks varies by nation and language: words such as horn, kogel, gipfel, and berg are used in German speaking regions: mont and aguille in French speaking regions ; and monte or cima in Italian speaking regions.

Jean-Robert Argand introduced the term " module " ' unit of measure ' in French in 1806 specifically for the complex absolute value and it was borrowed into English in 1866 as the Latin equivalent " modulus ".

The term " absolute value " has been used in this sense since at least 1806 in French and 1857 in English.

The term Rococo was derived from the French word " rocaille ", which means pebbles and refers to the stones and shells used to decorate the interiors of caves.

English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Hebrew, Arabic, Portuguese, and Russian speakers may use the term American to refer to either inhabitants of the Americas or to U. S. nationals.

They generally have other terms specific to U. S. nationals, such as German US-Amerikaner, French étatsunien, Japanese 米国人 beikokujin, Arabic أمريكاني amriikaanii ( as opposed to the more-common أمريكي amriikii ), and Italian statunitense, but these may be less common than the term American.

For example, the term is used to describe systems such as verlan and louchébem, which retain French syntax and apply transformations only to individual words ( and often only to a certain subset of words, such as nouns, or semantic content words ).

The annual CHIO ( short for the French term Concours Hippique International Officiel ) is the biggest equestrian meeting of the world and among horsemen considered to be as prestigious for equitation as the tournament of Wimbledon for tennis.

The term ' antibiosis ', meaning " against life ," was introduced by the French bacteriologist Vuillemin as a descriptive name of the phenomenon exhibited by these early antibacterial drugs.

The term ' the 10th of August ' is widely used by historians as a shorthand for the Storming of the Tuileries Palace on the 10th of August, 1792, the effective end of the French monarchy until it was restored in 1814.

The term " morphine ", used in English and French, was given by the French physicist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac ).

In non-Anglo-Saxon or French contexts, the term dodecasyllable is often used.

The term is French: acquis meaning " that which has been agreed upon ", and communautaire meaning " of the community ".

Abettor ( from to abet, Old French abeter, à and beter, to bait, urge dogs upon any one ; this word is probably of Scandinavian origin, meaning to cause to bite ), is a legal term implying one who instigates, encourages or assists another to commit an offence.

It has been given the term " bruit ", French for noise.

The term " Bohemianism ", when used to mean " social unconventionality ", comes from the French bohémien " Gypsy " " because Romani people were thought to come from Bohemia, or because they perhaps entered the West through Bohemia ".

The game, first known as crapaud ( a French word meaning " toad " in reference to the original style of play by people crouched over a floor or sidewalk ), reportedly owes its modern popularity to street craps.

This French text is a translation of Hayashi Gahō's seven-volume Imperial chronology, first circulated in Kyoto in 1652 and reprinted in the early 19th century as a standard reference work for use by Tokugawa scholar-bureaucrats.

French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari made reference to Lovecraft in A Thousand Plateaus and called the short story " Through the Gates of the Silver Key " one of his masterpieces.

A library ( from French " librairie "; Latin " liber " = book ) is an organized collection of resources made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing.

The revised constitution of May 11, 1957, omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted.

The earliest reference that might be relevant to Mokèlé-mbèmbé stories ( though the term is not used in the source ) comes from the 1776 book of Abbé Lievain Bonaventure, a French missionary to the Congo River region.

The term " mushroom " and its variations may have been derived from the French word mousseron in reference to moss ( mousse ).

The first possible historical reference to the vase is in a 1601 letter from the French scholar Nicolas Claude Fabri de Peiresc to the painter Peter Paul Rubens, where it is recorded as in the collection of Cardinal Francesco Maria Del Monte in Italy.

In clay-court matches, such as at the French Open, a call may be questioned by reference to the mark left by the ball's impact on the court surface.

French demographer, anthropologist and historian Alfred Sauvy, in an article published in the French magazine L ' Observateur, August 14, 1952, coined the term Third World, referring to countries that were unaligned with either the Communist Soviet bloc or the Capitalist NATO bloc during the Cold War His usage was a reference to the Third Estate, the commoners of France who, before and during the French Revolution, opposed priests and nobles, who composed the First Estate and Second Estate, respectively.

* Tide gauge observation reference networks ( French designation REFMAR: Réseaux de référence des observations marégraphiques )

There was also belief that Vidure was a reference to the hard wood ( French vigne dure ) of the vine, with a possible relationship to Carménère which was once known as Grand Vidure.

His initial pseudonym was " Valerian ", probably in reference to the hero in French science fiction comic series Valérian and Laureline.

At the arrival of the French soldiers many Alsatians and even, ironically, local Prussian / German administrators and bureaucrats cheered due to the re-establishment of order ( which can be seen and is described in detail in the reference video below ).

Through late 14th century Old French magique, the word " magic " derives via Latin magicus from the Greek adjective magikos ( μαγικός ) used in reference to the " magical " arts of the Persian Magicians ( Greek: magoi, singular mágos, μάγος ), the Zoroastrian astrologer priests of the ancient Persian Empire.

It may also be a canting reference to the title of the historic leading Sussex family, the Earls of Arundel, seated at Arundel Castle in the county, as the French for swallow is hirondelle.

The concepts of psychoanalysis can be deployed with reference to the narrative or poetic structure itself, without requiring access to the authorial psyche ( an interpretation motivated by French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan's remark that " the unconscious is structured like a language ").

Matters came to a head when the French commander in the Republic, Auguste de Marmont, ordered in November, 1804, that French coast guards and customs officials were to take over the responsibility for the surveillance of cargoes in Dutch ports, with powers of confiscation without reference to Dutch authorities.

He was tried by the National Convention, found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793 as a desacralized French citizen known as " Citoyen Louis Capet ", a nickname in reference to Hugh Capet, the founder of the Capetian dynasty – which the revolutionaries interpreted as Louis ' family name.

A clip worn on a lapel or front pocket could be seen as " deux gaules " ( two posts or poles ) and be interpreted as a reference to the leader of the French Resistance, General Charles de Gaulle.

The French aviator and writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry made a reference, in a letter written to his sister Didi from Cape Juby in 1918, to his raising a fennec that he adored.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word pilcrow " apparently " originated in English as an unattested version of the French pelagraphe, a corruption of paragraph ; the earliest reference is c. 1440.