Gaians argue that it is a human duty to act as such-committing themselves in particular to the Precautionary Principle.

Gaians played an important role in shaping the future course of universe.

In contrast, some Gaians see such colonists as locusts or a disease, and may see all human beings as elements of a single Earth-wide ecology, if not organism.

Political Gaians are a relatively recent offshoot of the ecology movement — and get their name from the Gaia hypothesis, a postulate first devised by James Lovelock holding that the biosphere tends to homeorhetic balance or even homeostasis ( with the implication that human beings should be working toward such balances or states.

Gaians have long names ; the longer the name, the higher their status.

In the end of Foundation and Earth, the main character, Golan Trevize, explains that psychohistory had a flaw, that it didn't apply for humaniform robots like R. Daneel Olivaw, Gaians like Bliss and the Mule and more like them.

Some radical political environmentalists who accept some form of the Gaia theory call themselves Gaians.

Gaians do not passively ask " what is going on ", but rather, " what to do next ", e. g. in terraforming or climate engineering or even on a small scale, such as gardening.

Members of Gaia Online, known as Gaians, receive a customizable avatar when they sign up.

Gaians are individuals who use the Gaia Theory of James Lovelock spiritually.

Some Gaians say Gaia is Earth's authentic name as " She " is therefore personalized in order for us as humans to have a better relationship with Her.

Many Gaians become vegetarian or vegan, however this is not a requirement.

Bliss, like all Gaians, has an enormous affinity for life and can't bear to see life destroyed.

Gaians are individuals who use the Gaia Theory of James Lovelock spiritually.

Some Gaians say Gaia is Earth's authentic name as " She " is therefore personalized in order for us as humans to have a better relationship with Her.

Many Gaians often become vegetarians and vegans, however this is not a requirement.

Similarly, one cannot argue that Western epistemology is unjustly promoted in non-Western societies if one believes that those epistemologies are absolutely correct.

Some Anarcho-primitivists like Ted Kaczynski argue that conditions such as anomie are directly caused by complex societies, particularly industrial and post-industrial societies due to their deprivation of individual self-determination and a relatively small reference group to relate to, such as the band, clan, or tribe.

They argue that current copyright law hinders the realisation of these rights in today's knowledge societies relying on new technological means of communication.

" Whilst recognising that past societies would have interpreted the world around them in a partially materialistic way, the post-processualists argue that many historic societies have also placed a great emphasis on ideology ( which included religion ) in both interpreting their world and influencing their behaviour.

Jenia Meng uses evidence from an international survey to argue that anthropocentrism is inevitable in all human societies and that it is an result of gene-centrism.

Alessandro Valignano, Visitor of the Society of Jesus in Asia, was one of the first Jesuits to argue, in the case of Japan, for an adaptation of Christian customs to the societies of Asia, through his Résolutions and Cérémonial.

While some feminists view mass media in societies that they argue are patriarchal to be objectifying, they often focus on pornography as playing an egregious role in habituating men to objectify women.

Some Muslim scholars argue that the Islamic shura ( a method of taking decisions in Islamic societies ) is analogous to the parliament.

Some theoreticians — namely Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens and Manuel Castells -- argue that we are located in the middle of a transformation or transition from industrial societies to post-modern societies.

Ward Churchill has gone so far as to argue in his essay on Marxism and Indigenism that Marxism is inherently imperialist and racist in effect, if not in intent, because it is based on the idea of historical progress and industrialization as inevitable, and sees industrial proletarian-based societies as more " advanced " than other societies ( particularly indigenous societies ).

While some scholars, such as Christopher B. Donnan and Izumi Shimada, argue that the sacrificial victims were the losers of ritual battles among local elites, others, such as John Verano and Richard Sutter, suggest that the sacrificial victims were warriors captured in territorial battles between the Moche and other nearby societies.

Some scholars argue that hundreds or thousands of years of male dominated societies have created negative attitudes towards women among many men, and that wife abuse stems from " normal psychological and behavioral patterns of most men ... feminists seek to understand why men in general use physical force against their partners and what functions this serves for a society in a given historical context ".

For forty years the principles remained the same: the leadership was secret ; the existence of the higher grades was unknown to the lower ; protean in character, this network took advantage of and used other societies .” Some argue that these principles are clearly evident in Bakunin's writings.

Advocates of culture-historical archaeology use this notion to argue that sets of material culture can be used to trace ancient groups of people that were either self-identifying societies or ethnic groups.

The followers of this ethic typically argue that capitalist and communist societies tend to encourage a " labor " mentality towards life either directly or indirectly through the cost of living, labor markets, the work week, applying normative values to economics, and social conventions.

However, many scholars argue that the claim that tribals are an egalitarian society in contrast to a caste-based society is a part of a larger political agenda by some to maximize any differences from tribal and urban societies.

In Natives and Newcomers Trigger, writing in the tradition of Franz Boas, argued that the colonial and Aboriginal societies of early Canada all possessed rich and complex social and cultural systems, and that there are no grounds to argue that any society of early Canada was superior to the others.

White rejected the opposition between " primitive " and " modern " societies but did argue that societies could be distinguished based on the amount of energy they harnessed, and that increased energy allowed for greater social differentiation ( White's law ).

Naisbitt and many other proponents of the theory of postindustrial societies argue that those megatrends lead to decentralization, weakening of the central government, increasing importance of local initiatives and direct democracy, changes in the hierarchy of the traditional social classes, development of new social movements and an increase in the power of consumers and the number of choices available to them ( Toffler even used the term " overchoice ").

Other scholars, such as Salikoko Mufwene, argue that pidgins and creoles arise independently under different circumstances, and that a pidgin need not always precede a creole nor a creole evolve from a pidgin.

Indeed, a growing number of language acquisition researchers argue that the very idea of a strict rule-based grammar in any language flies in the face of what is known about how languages are spoken and how languages evolve over time.

Other scholars, such as Salikoko Mufwene, argue that pidgins and creoles arise independently under different circumstances, and that a pidgin need not always precede a creole nor a creole evolve from a pidgin.

Although astronomers agree that the diagram shows the sequence in which stars evolve, they argue about which way the sequence progresses.

Advocates argue that design evolution should occur deterministically and strictly under human control, using the conventional engineering paradigm of modeling, design, prototyping, testing, analysis, and redesign.

Functionalists like Monroe Beardsley argue that whether or not a piece counts as art depends on what function it plays in a particular context ; the same Greek vase may play a non-artistic function in one context ( carrying wine ), and an artistic function in another context ( helping us to appreciate the beauty of the human figure ).

Because " Macbeth " traces the root of chaos and evil to women, some critics argue that it is Shakespeare ’ s most misogynistic play.

To occupy the time they eat, sleep, converse, argue, sing, play games, exercise, swap hats, and contemplate suicide – anything " to hold the terrible silence at bay ".

This is significant because some critics argue that in an original version of the play, now lost, Hortensio was not a suitor to Bianca, but simply an old friend of Petruchio ( this is a modification of the Ur-Shrew theory, which instead of arguing that a play by someone other than Shakespeare served as a source, argues that an earlier draft by Shakespeare once existed ).

Some critics argue that even in Shakespeare's own day the play was controversial due to sexist elements.

Other critics argue that the crossdressing as it occurs in the play is less of a mere convention, and more of an embodiment of dominant power structures.

She does however argue, like Schulenberg, that it is a French gigue, not an Italian giga and does play it at an unhurried tempo.

King John is closely related to an anonymous history play, The Troublesome Reign of King John ( c. 1589 ), the " masterly construction " but infelicitious expression of which led Peter Alexander to argue that Shakespeare's was the earlier play.

" When one of the guitarists broke a string Araya would hand them the bass, Hanneman stating " We ’ d argue about it, too — like, ' I wanna play bass for a while!

However, some argue that although sociocultural factors are very influential over the experience of sexual desire, they don ’ t play a large role until after biological initially influences desire.

They argue that EA's decisions to hire fake protesters and market games solely on shock value, while neglecting to defend the Medal of Honor on a 1st Amendment basis for letting the player play as the Taliban, have been hurtful to the gaming industry.

* In Jacques Offenbach's comic opera La Belle Hélène, the Greek Kings sing about and play a Game of the Goose and argue over cheating.

Instead, they argue, accidents and exaptation ( the use of old features for new purposes ) play an important role in the process of evolution.

However, if one accepts that Valentine does not give Silvia to Proteus, as critics such as Roger Warren argue, but instead offers to love Proteus as much as he loves Silvia, then the conclusion of the play can be read as a final triumphant reconciliation between friendship and love ; Valentine intends to love his friend as much as he does his betrothed.

Whilst many scholars feel that Shakespeare used the anonymous play The True Chronicle History of King Leir ( entered into the Stationers ' Register on 8 May 1605 ), and hence must have been written between May 1605 and December 1606, others argue that the relationship between the two plays has been inverted, and The True Chronicle History of King Leir was actually written to capitalise on the success of Shakespeare's play, which was probably written in 1603 or 1604.

Critics argue that by allowing the Churches to play such a major role, the State is breaching its duty of neutrality under Article 4 of the Grundgesetz, and they consider it inappropriate for such heavy subsidies to be given to the Churches.

However, some economists and financial experts argue that hot money could also play positive role in countries that have relatively low level of foreign exchange reserves, because the capital inflow may present a useful opportunity for those countries to augment their central banks ' reserve holdings.

* Pomet ( 1548 or 1553 )-some Croatian historiographers argue that Pomet is indeed Marin's oldest play, his debut, while others disagree.

Many argue that northern soul was instrumental in creating a network of clubs, DJs, record collectors and dealers in the UK, and was the first music scene to provide the British charts with records that sold entirely on the strength of club play.

The play opens as Xanthias and Dionysus argue over what kind of jokes Xanthias can use to open the play.

Individuals can argue, as stated in Eileen Southern ’ s “ The Origin and Development of the Black Musical Theater: A Preliminary Report ,” that A Trip to Coontown was not the first black-dominated musical play produced at the time.