Galileo announced his discovery that Venus had phases like the Moon in the form " Haec immatura a me iam frustra leguntur-oy " ( Latin: These immature ones have already been read in vain by me-oy ), that is, when rearranged, " Cynthiae figuras aemulatur Mater Amorum " ( Latin: The Mother of Loves Venus imitates the figures of Cynthia the moon ).

< cite id = disputedinjunction > The Vatican archives contain an unsigned copy of a more strongly worded formal injunction purporting to have been served on Galileo shortly after Bellarmine's admonition, ordering him " not to hold, teach, or defend " the condemned doctrine " in any way whatever, either orally or in writing ", and threatening him with imprisonment if he refused to obey .</ cite > However, whether this injunction was ever properly served on Galileo is a subject of much scholarly disagreement.

It is often said that Galileo thought the curve of a hanging chain was parabolic.

In his Two New Sciences ( 1638 ), Galileo says that a hanging cord is an approximate parabola, and he correctly observes that this approximation improves as the curvature gets smaller and is almost exact when the elevation is less than 45 °.

It is known that he was the essential pedagogical influence upon the young Galileo, his eldest son ( cf.

Galileo steadfastly refused to use Marius ' names and invented as a result the numbering scheme that is still used nowadays, in parallel with proper moon names.

Actual proof of the Milky Way consisting of many stars came in 1610 when the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei used a telescope to study the Milky Way and discovered that it is composed of a huge number of faint stars.

Galileo is a global navigation satellite system ( GNSS ) currently being built by the European Union ( EU ) and European Space Agency ( ESA ).

The € 20 billion project is named after the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei.

One of the aims of Galileo is to provide a high-precision positioning system upon which European nations can rely, independently from the Russian GLONASS, US GPS, and Chinese Compass systems, which can be disabled in times of war or conflict.

Full completion of the 30 satellites Galileo system ( 27 operational + 3 active spares ) is expected by 2019.

Galileo is intended to provide horizontal and vertical positions measurements within 1 meter precision, and better positioning services at high latitudes than other positioning systems.

On 17 January 2002 a spokesman for the project stated that, as a result of U. S. pressure and economic difficulties, " Galileo is almost dead.

He is quoted saying that Galileo " is a stupid idea that primarily serves French interests ".

The EU's stance is that Galileo is a neutral technology, available to all countries and everyone.

* GIOVE-A is the first GIOVE ( Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element ) test satellite.

This project, named GEO6, is a broad study oriented to the general scientific community, aiming to define and implement new applications of Galileo.

Scientist Carl Sagan, for example, a strong supporter of the Galileo mission, said in 1989 that " there is nothing absurd about either side of this argument.

The famous story in which Galileo is said to have dropped weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa is apocryphal, but he did find that the path of a projectile is a parabola, and he is credited with conclusions foreshadowing Newton's laws of motion ( such as discovering the property of inertia ).

Because the Odyssey series is closely concerned with Jupiter and its moons, Clarke had originally intended to delay writing a third book until the Galileo mission to the planet had returned its findings.

The Academy has its origins in the Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei (" Pontifical Academy of the New Lynxes "), founded in 1847 intended as a more closely supervised successor to the Accademia dei Lincei (" Academy of Lynxes ") established in Rome in 1603, by the learned Roman Prince, Federico Cesi ( 1585 – 1630 ) who was a young botanist and naturalist, and which claimed Galileo Galilei as its president. The Accademia dei Lincei survives as a wholly separate institution.

Later he claimed to be the discoverer of the moons, which led to a dispute with the true discoverer, Galileo Galilei.

When Galileo later complained of rumors to the effect that he had been forced to abjure and do penance, Bellarmine wrote out a certificate denying the rumors, stating that Galileo had merely been notified of the decree and informed that, as a consequence of it, the Copernican doctrine could not be " defended or held ".

( In 1633, Galileo would again be called before the Inquisition in this matter.

" In addition to the various works of Brewster already mentioned, the following may be added: Notes and Introduction to Carlyle's translation of Legendre's Elements of Geometry ( 1824 ); Treatise on Optics ( 1831 ); Letters on Natural Magic, addressed to Sir Walter Scott ( 1832 ); The Martyrs of Science, or the Lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahe, and Kepler ( 1841 ); More Worlds than One ( 1854 ).

Galileo ’ s discovery showed the importance of the telescope as a tool for astronomers by proving that there were objects in space that cannot be seen by the naked eye.

Galileo ’ s discovery proved the importance of the telescope as a tool for astronomers by showing that there were objects in space to be discovered that until then had remained unseen by the naked eye.

The use of basic ( low-precision ) Galileo services will be free and open to everyone.

Although a decision was yet to be reached, on 13 July 2007 EU countries discussed cutting € 548m ($ 755m, £ 370m ) from the union's competitiveness budget for the following year and shifting some of that cash to other parts of the financing pot, a move that could meet part of the cost of the union's Galileo satellite navigation system.

The think tank Open Europe has estimated the total cost of Galileo from start to completion, and then running it over a 20 year period, at a € 22. 2 billion, which will be borne entirely by taxpayers.

As of March 2010 it was verified that the budget for Galileo would only be available to provide the 4 IOV and 14 FOC satellites by 2014, with no funds currently committed to bring the constellation above this 60 % capacity.

At the Munich Satellite Navigation Summit on March 10, a Chinese government official asked the European Commission why it no longer wanted to work with China, and when China ’ s cash investment in Galileo would be returned.

This greatly improves the viability of the Galileo project: " The EU's executive had previously said that if agreement was not reached by January 2008, the long-troubled project would essentially be dead.

One of the reasons given for developing Galileo as an independent system was that position information from GPS can be made significantly inaccurate by the deliberate application of universal Selective Availability ( SA ) by the US military ; this was enabled until 2000, and can be re-enabled at any time.

The modernization programme also contains standardized features that allow GPS III and Galileo systems to inter-operate, allowing receivers to be developed to utilise GPS and Galileo together to create an even more precise GNSS system.

Operation of GIOVE-A ensured that Galileo meets the frequency-filing allocation and reservation requirements for the International Telecommunication Union ( ITU ), a process that was required to be complete by June 2006.

GETR receivers are supplied by Septentrio as well as the first Galileo navigation receivers to be used to test the functioning of the system at further stages of its deployment.

These testbed satellites will be followed by four IOV Galileo satellites that will be much closer to the final Galileo satellite design.

In December 2010 EU ministers in Brussels have voted Prague, Czech Republic as the headquarters of the Galileo project.

In April 2008, the EU transport ministers approved the Galileo Implementation Regulation.

In December 2010 EU ministers in Brussels have voted Prague ( Czech Republic ) as the headquarters of the Galileo project.

In July 2004, Israel signed an agreement with the EU to become a partner in the Galileo project.

Letter from Paul Wolfowitz to the Minister ( government ) | Ministers of the Member State of the European Union | EU states from December 2001 as part of the US-lobbying campaign against Galileo

At first, EU officials did not want to change their original plans for Galileo, but have since reached a compromise, that Galileo was to use a different frequency.

* Core Satellite navigation systems, currently GPS ( U. S .), GLONASS ( Russia ), Compass ( China ), and Galileo ( EU ).