* Boniface was a patron of Giotto di Bondone.

In the book Vasari was attempting to define what he described as a break with the barbarities of gothic art: the arts had fallen into decay with the collapse of the Roman Empire and only the Tuscan artists, beginning with Cimabue ( 1240 – 1301 ) and Giotto ( 1267 – 1337 ) began to reverse this decline in the arts.

The tower was designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.

The pigment was mixed with a binding medium like egg and applied over dry plaster ( such as Giotto di Bondone's frescos in the Cappella degli Scrovegni or Arena Chapel in Padua ).

Giotto showed that this model was broadly correct, though with modifications.

The presence of the university attracted many distinguished artists, such as Giotto, Fra Filippo Lippi and Donatello ; and for native art there was the school of Francesco Squarcione, whence issued the great Mantegna.

The spacecraft was named after the Early Italian Renaissance painter Giotto di Bondone.

Originally a United States partner probe was planned that would accompany Giotto, but this fell through due to budget cuts at NASA.

The idea was for Japanese probes and the pre-existing American probe International Cometary Explorer to make long distance measurements, followed by the Russian Vegas which would locate the nucleus, and the resulting information sent back would allow Giotto to precisely target very close to the nucleus.

Because Giotto would pass so very close to the nucleus ESA was mostly convinced it would not survive the encounter due to bombardment from the many high speed cometary particles.

While in GTO a number of slew and spin-up manoeuvres ( to 90 RPM ) were carried out in preparation for the firing of the Apogee Boost Motor ( ABM ), although unlike orbit circularisations for geostationary orbit, the ABM for Giotto was fired at perigee.

Giotto was commanded to wake up on 2 July 1990 when it flew by Earth in order to sling shot to its next cometary encounter.

Afterwards, Giotto was again switched off on 23 July 1992.

In 1999 Giotto made another Earth flyby but was not reactivated.

Giotto found Halley's nucleus was blacker than coal, which suggested a thick covering of dust.

) Although the one particle impact that sent Giotto spinning was not measured, from its effects-it also probably broke off a piece of Giotto-its mass has been estimated to lie between 0. 1 g and 1 g.

* Giotto was the first spacecraft to provide detailed pictures of a cometary nucleus.

* Giotto was the first spacecraft do a close flyby of two comets.

* Giotto was the first spacecraft to return from interplanetary space and perform an Earth swing by.

* Giotto was the first spacecraft to be re-activated from hibernation mode.

In fact, Giotto inspired the 14th-century School of Rimini, which was the expression of original cultural ferment.

Andrea del Castagno ( or Andrea di Bartolo di Bargilla ) ( c. 1421 – 19 August 1457 ) was an Italian painter from Florence, influenced chiefly by Tommaso Masaccio and Giotto di Bondone.

According to late Renaissance art biographer Giorgio Vasari, Simone was instead a pupil of Giotto di Bondone, with whom he went to Rome to paint at the Old St. Peter's Basilica, Giotto also executing a mosaic there.

On 14 March, the Giotto space probe, launched by the European Space Agency, made the closest pass of the comet's nucleus.

The resulting collection is small in size, compared with many European national galleries, but encyclopaedic in scope ; most major developments in Western painting " from Giotto to Cézanne " are represented with important works.

* Giotto mission — European — flyby of comet 1P / Halley ( 1986 )

Italian Renaissance painting exercised a dominant influence on subsequent European painting ( see Western painting ) for centuries afterwards, with artists such as Giotto di Bondone, Masaccio, Piero della Francesca, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Michelangelo, Raphael, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, and Titian.

The European Space Agency used IDL to process almost all of the pictures of Halley's Comet taken by the Giotto spacecraft.

He also participated in the planning of Giotto, the European Space Agency's mission to Halley's Comet, but died before the spacecraft was launched.

In particular, A Concise History of Painting: From Giotto to Cézanne by Michael Levey ( of the National Gallery in London ), originally published in 1962 ( ISBN 0-500-20024-6 ), is a classic and authoritative introduction to the history of European art from the beginnings of perspective in Italy to the foundations of modern art at the start of the 20th century.

The most ambitious is the European Space Agency's Giotto, which flies through the comet's coma and photographs the nucleus.

Such images were of higher resolution than the only previous pictures, of Halley's Comet taken by the Giotto spacecraft.

** The Giotto spacecraft flies past Comet 26P / Grigg-Skjellerup, gathering measurements about the comet.

* Halley's nucleus by Giotto spacecraft ( ESA link )

* Image of Halley in 1986 by Giotto spacecraft ( NASA link )

* Image of Halley in 1986 by Giotto spacecraft

Giotto ( spacecraft ) | Giotto – Comet Halley flyby

# REDIRECT Giotto ( spacecraft )

* Giotto ( spacecraft ), approached Halley's Comet in March 1986 ( made at Filton )

It was to be the first time a spacecraft would have flown in formation with a comet, though a U. S. spacecraft, International Cometary Explorer ( ICE ), flew by Comet Giacobini-Zinner in 1985, spacecraft from several countries encountered Comet Halley in 1986, and the Giotto spacecraft flew past Comet Grigg-Skjellerup in 1992.

ICE transited between the Sun and Comet Halley in late March 1986, when other spacecraft ( Giotto, Vega 1 and 2, Suisei and Sakigake ) were in the vicinity of Comet Halley on their early March comet rendezvous missions ( see Halley Armada ).