Given this, the bidding is said to start at the one-level when contracting for a total of seven tricks, at the two-level for eight tricks and so on to the seven-level to contract to take all thirteen tricks.

Given a set S with a partial order ≤, an infinite descending chain is a chain V that is a subset of S upon which ≤ defines a total order such that V has no least element, that is, an element m such that for all elements n in V it holds that m ≤ n.

The knapsack problem or rucksack problem is a problem in combinatorial optimization: Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the total value is as large as possible.

Given high fixed costs, the new price was below average total cost, resulting in a loss.

Given a field ordering ≤ as in Def 1, the elements such that x ≥ 0 forms a positive cone of F. Conversely, given a positive cone P of F as in Def 2, one can associate a total ordering ≤< sub > P </ sub > by setting x ≤ y to mean y − x ∈ P. This total ordering ≤< sub > P </ sub > satisfies the properties of Def 1.

# Minimisation operator: Given a ( k + 1 )- ary total function:

Given a total circulation of 56 billion coins, counterfeit coins are relatively rare.

Given the ( period, cash flow ) pairs (, ) where is the total number of periods, the net present value is given by:

Given the ( period, cash flow ) pairs (, ) where is a positive integer, the total number of periods, and the net present value, the internal rate of return is given by in:

Given a precomplete numbering then for any partial computable function with two parameters there exists a total computable function with one parameter such that

Given an inelastic reaction with total incoming energy larger than the total detected energy ( i. e. not all outgoing particles are detected in the experiment ), the invariant mass ( also known as the " missing mass ") of the reaction is defined as follows:

Given a total interaction cross section σ ( typically measured in barns ), the mean free path of a prompt neutron is where n is the nuclear number density.

Given Bluestein's algorithm, such a transform can be used, for example, to obtain a more finely spaced interpolation of some portion of the spectrum ( although the frequency resolution is still limited by the total sampling time ), enhance arbitrary poles in transfer-function analyses, etcetera.

Given its production function and cost structure, it knows its average total costs at that output level will be represented as point A.

Given this, sabermetricians generally regard Cy Young's total of 749 complete games as the career baseball record most unlikely to ever be broken.

Given an oriented manifold M of dimension n with fundamental class, and a G-bundle with characteristic classes, one can pair a product of characteristic classes of total degree n with the fundamental class.

Given at the discretion of the Council of the Academy on the recommendation of a nominating committee, the prize is awarded to a person for his or her total literary achievement rather than for a specific work.

The original problem was stated in the form that has become known as the Euclidean Steiner tree problem or geometric Steiner tree problem: Given N points in the plane, the goal is to connect them by lines of minimum total length in such a way that any two points may be interconnected by line segments either directly or via other points and line segments.

Given the near total destruction of its original habitat, and the lack of any confirmed sightings in over 50 years, most ornithologists believe the Imperial Woodpecker must be extinct.

Given the operational name Storm-333 and involving a combination of Spetsnaz, GRU, KGB, and Soviet paratroopers were a total of 24 men from the « Гром » (" Thunder ") detachment of Alpha Group.

Given its heavy dependence on imported energy, Japan has aimed to diversify its sources.

Given that the cost of replacing an executive can run over 100 % of his or her annual salary, any investment of time and energy in re-recruitment will likely pay for itself many times over if it helps a business retain just a handful of key players that would have otherwise left.

Given the initial energy of 20 TJ, the Space Shuttle is about 16 % energy efficient at launching the orbiter.

Given Ω microstates at a particular energy, the probability of finding the system in a particular microstate is p = 1 / Ω.

Given a gain of about 100 and a laser efficiency of about 1 %, HiPER produces about the same amount of fusion energy as electrical energy was needed to create it.

Given the small temperature range kinetic studies occur in, it is reasonable to approximate the activation energy as being independent of the temperature.

Given any energy eigenstate, we can act on it with the lowering operator, a, to produce another eigenstate with-less energy.

Given its great distance, the daytime " guest star " observed by the Chinese could only have been a supernova — a massive, exploding star, having exhausted its supply of energy from nuclear fusion and collapsed in on itself.

Given that the audio signal is unlikely to be at peak all the time, the ratio of energy is, in practice, even greater.

Given the unequal distribution of talent, energy, and luck, Classical legal thought posited that a self-executing, decentralized, competitive market economy would inevitably result in organized inequality.

Given a heat value of a fuel, it would be trivial to convert from fuel units ( such as litres of gasoline ) to energy units ( such as MJ ) and conversely.

Given sufficient magic energy in her surroundings she has even effortlessly turned into a female copy of the Silver Surfer.

Given their low metabolic rate and the low density of prey at such depths, vampire squid must use innovative predator avoidance tactics to conserve energy.

Given a specified distribution of matter and energy in the form of a stress – energy tensor, the EFE are understood to be equations for the metric tensor, as both the Ricci tensor and scalar curvature depend on the metric in a complicated nonlinear manner.

Given mastery over the cosmic flame, Firelord wields a flaming staff and is capable of energy projection via his eyes and staff.

Given the same energy source and operating conditions, a higher COP heat pump will consume less purchased energy than one with a lower COP.

Given the current energy mixes in other countries, it has been predicted that such emissions would decrease by 40 % in the U. K., and 19 % in China.

Given control by the U. N. to Magneto until the E Is for Extinction story.

Given a testing procedure E applied to each prepared system, we obtain a sequence of values

So, a collection of functions with given signatures generate a free algebra, the term algebra T. Given a set of equational identities ( the axioms ), one may consider their symmetric, transitive closure E. The quotient algebra T / E is then the algebraic structure or variety.

The East border is now 24th Avenue E. jogging over at 96th to Swan creek, and south to 104th Street E. The South border is now 104th Street E. jogging over at 14th Avenue E to roughly 109th Street E. and west to Golden Given Road E. The West border is now Golden Given Road E. Golden Given Road E is also the east border of the Jessie Dunlap Donation Land Claim with the north and south borders roughly the same as the combined Meeker claims.