Gregory XII's cardinals were accepted as true cardinals by the Council, but the members of the council delayed electing a new pope for fear that a new pope would restrict further discussion of pressing issues in the Church.

By the time the anti-popes were all deposed and the new Pope, Martin V, was elected, two years had passed since Gregory XII's abdication, and Gregory was already dead.

The rest of Gregory XII's life was spent in peaceful obscurity in Ancona.

* Some right-wing Roman Catholics also claimed Giuseppe Siri ( 20 May 1906 – 2 May, 1989 ) had been elected as Pope Pius XII's successor in 1958 but that his election was in effect vetoed under Communist threat that Catholics in Communist countries would be persecuted if Siri, who allegedly had announced that he wished to be known as Pope Gregory XVII, was accepted as Pope.

He was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII, and, with those following Antipope Benedict XIII from Avignon, convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became the leader.

Upon the death of Gregory, the cardinals elected a new pope, Victor III.

Pope Gregory XI's return to Rome in 1377, followed by his death and the controversial election of his successor, Pope Urban VI, resulted in the defection of a number of cardinals and the election of a rival pope based at Avignon in 1378.

After the long deadlocked vacancy in the papal see after the death of Clement IV, a vacant seat of three years, he was one of the six cardinals who finally elected Pope Gregory X by compromise on 1 September 1271 in a conclave held at Viterbo because conditions in Rome were too turbulent.

One group of cardinals, which included Sinibaldo de ' Fieschi ( soon to be Pope Innocent IV ) backed a candidate from the inner circle of Pope Gregory IX expected to pursue the hard line with Frederick II.

He issued two other decrees: one confirmed an earlier decree of Pope Gregory X that ordered the shutting of the cardinals in a conclave to elect a new pope ; the second declared the right of any pope to abdicate the papacy, a right that he himself exercised at the end of five months and eight days at Naples on 13 December 1294.

On the next day he was elected Pope Gregory XIV he burst into tears and said to the cardinals: " God forgive you!

By coming down solidly on the side of Spanish interests, in part because Gregory XIV was elected due to the influence of the Spanish cardinals, the recent papal policy of trying to maintain a balance between Spain and France was abandoned.

Gregory was chosen at Rome in 1406 by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals under the express condition that, should Antipope Benedict XIII ( 1394 – 1423 ), the rival papal claimant at Avignon, renounce all claim to the Papacy, he would also renounce his, so that a fresh election might be made and the Western Schism ( 1378 – 1417 ) could be ended.

The cardinals of Gregory XII openly showed their dissatisfaction at this maneuvering and gave signs of their intention to abandon him.

On 4 May 1408, Gregory XII convened his cardinals at Lucca and ordered them not to leave the city under any pretext.

Meanwhile Gregory XII stayed with his loyal and powerful protector, the condottiero Carlo I Malatesta, who had come to Pisa in person during the process of the council to support Gregory XII with both sets of cardinals.

Gregory XII, who had meanwhile created ten more cardinals, had convoked a rival council at Cividale del Friuli, near Aquileia ; but only a few bishops appeared.

Thereupon on 4 July 1415, Malatesta, acting in the name of Gregory XII, pronounced the resignation of the Pope, which the cardinals accepted.

According to prior agreement, they agreed to retain all the cardinals that had been created by Gregory XII, thus satisfying the Correr clan, and appointed Gregory XII Bishop of Frascati, Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals and perpetual legate at Ancona.

Desiderius, abbot of Monte Cassino was first chosen pope as Victor III when Gregory VII died in 1085, but after Victor's short reign, Otho was elected Pope Urban II by acclamation ( March 1088 ) at a small meeting of cardinals and other prelates held in Terracina in March 1088.

In 1130, as Pope Honorius II lay dying, the cardinals decided to entrust the election to a commission of eight men led by papal chancellor Haimeric, who had his candidate Cardinal Gregory Papareschi hastily elected as Pope Innocent II.

* 1271 – September 1 – Pope Gregory X is elected pope by compromise between French and Italian cardinals, ending a three-year conclave, the longest ever.

* April 9 – Following the death of Pope Gregory XI and riots in Rome calling for a Roman pope, the cardinals, who are mostly French, elect Pope Urban VI ( Bartolomeo Prignano, Archbishop of Bari ) as the 202nd Pope.

* September 1 – Pope Gregory X succeeds Pope Clement IV as the 184th pope, as the compromise candidate between French and Italian cardinals, ending a 3-year conclave, the longest ever.

By the mid-20th century many rhyming slang expressions used the names of contemporary personalities, especially actors and performers: for example " Gregory Peck " meaning " neck " and also " cheque "; " Ruby Murray " meaning " curry "; " Alans ", meaning " knickers " from Alan Whicker ; " Max Miller " meaning " pillow " when pronounced / ˈpilə / and " Henry Halls ".

Thereupon the commission by Gregory XII authorizing his proxy to resign the Papacy on his behalf was read and Malatesta, acting in the name of Gregory XII, pronounced the resignation of the papacy by Gregory XII and handed a written copy of the resignation to the assembly.

On July 16, 1228, he was pronounced a saint by Pope Gregory IX.

On the following day, Pope Gregory pronounced a sentence of excommunication against Henry IV with all due solemnity, divested him of his royal dignity and absolved his subjects from the oaths they had sworn to him.

Under pressure from the Saxons, and misinformed as to the significance of this battle, Gregory abandoned his waiting policy and again pronounced the excommunication and deposition of King Henry on 7 March 1080.

A council had been summoned at Brixen, and on 16 June it pronounced Gregory deposed and nominated the archbishop Guibert of Ravenna as his successor.

He drove Gelasius II from Rome in March 1118, pronounced his election null and void, and set up Maurice Bourdin, Archbishop of Braga, as antipope under the name of Gregory VIII.

A series of anathemas were pronounced against Barlaam, Akindynos and their followers ; at the same time, a series of acclamations were also declared in favor of Gregory Palamas and the adherents of his doctrine.

:" About this period Meletius, bishop of Antioch, fell sick and died: in whose praise Gregory, the brother of Basil, pronounced a funeral oration.

Having only his own representations to guide them, and there being no question that Gregory's translation was uncanonical, while the election of Nectarius was open to grave censure as that of an unbaptized layman, Maximus also exhibiting letters from Peter the late venerable patriarch, to confirm his asserted communion with the church of Alexandria, the Italian bishops pronounced in favour of Maximus and refused to recognize either Gregory or Nectarius.

Gregory Nagy ( in Hungarian: Nagy Gergely ) ( pronounced / nadj ;/), born in Budapest Hungary in 1942, is an American professor of Classics at Harvard University, specializing in Homer and archaic Greek poetry.

Gregory was felt by many to have gone too far when he excommunicated the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and supported a rival claimant as emperor, and in 1080 the pro-imperial Synod of Brixen pronounced that Gregory was deposed and replaced as pope by Guibert.

Among these must have been Guibert, for he shared in the sentence of excommunication and interdiction which Gregory VII pronounced against the guilty Transpadine bishops at the Lenten Synod of 1076.

A series of anathemas were pronounced against Barlaam, Akindynos and their followers ; at the same time, a series of acclamations were also declared in favor of Gregory Palamas and the adherents of his doctrine.

The lives of numerous abbots make up a significant contribution to Christian hagiography, one of the most well-known being the Life of St. Benedict of Nursia by St. Gregory the Great.

The aim of the council was to end the schism ; to this end they deposed Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected the new pope Alexander V in 1409.

Gregory and Benedict ignored this decision however, so that there were now three simultaneous claimants to the Papacy.

John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Prussia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice ; however, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as pope by the Kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, and Scotland and Gregory XII was still favored by Ladislaus of Naples, Carlo I Malatesta, the princes of Bavaria, Louis III, Elector Palatine, and parts of Germany and Poland.

Apart from a short poem attributed to Mark of Monte Cassino, the only ancient account of Benedict is found in the second volume of Pope Gregory I's four-book Dialogues, thought to have been written in 593.

Gregory did not set out to write a chronological, historically anchored story of St. Benedict, but he did base his anecdotes on direct testimony.

To establish his authority, Gregory explains that his information came from what he considered the best sources: a handful of Benedict ’ s disciples who lived with the saint and witnessed his various miracles.

These followers, he says, are Constantinus, who succeeded Benedict as Abbot of Monte Cassino ; Valentinianus ; Simplicius ; and Honoratus, who was abbot of Subiaco when St Gregory wrote his Dialogues.

There he succeeded in persuading Gregory to approve his new order, making it a branch of the Benedictines and following the rule of Saint Benedict, but adding to it additional severities and privations.

Though Alexander and his successor, John XXIII, gained widespread support, especially at the cost of the Avignon pope, the schism remained, now involving not two but three claimants: Gregory XII at Rome, Benedict XIII at Avignon and John XXIII.

* 1409 – Western Schism: the Roman Catholic church is led into a double schism as Petros Philargos is crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XII in Avignon.

Although the description " servant of the servants of God " was also used by other Church leaders, including St. Augustine and St. Benedict, it was first used extensively as a papal title by Pope St. Gregory the Great, reportedly as a lesson in humility for Patriarch of Constantinople John the Faster, who had assumed the title " Ecumenical Patriarch ".

After deposing Antipope John XXIII in 1415, the Council was long divided by the conflicting claims of Pope Gregory XII ( 1406 – 15 ) and Antipope Benedict XIII ( 1394 – 1423 ).

Benedict granted an estate, the Massa Veneris, in the territory of Minturnae, to Abbot Stephen of St. Mark's " near the walls of Spoleto " ( St. Gregory I, Ep.

He was of the noble family of the counts of Tusculum ( son of Gregory, Count of Tusculum, and brother of future Pope John XIX ), descended from Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, just as was his predecessor Pope Benedict VI ( 973 – 974 ).

Benedict VIII was opposed by an antipope, Gregory VI, who compelled him to flee Rome.

In May 1045, Benedict IX resigned his office to pursue marriage, selling his office to his godfather, the pious priest John Gratian, who named himself Gregory VI.

Benedict IX soon regretted his resignation and returned to Rome, taking the city and remaining on the throne until July 1046, although Gregory VI continued to be recognized as the true pope.

German King Henry III intervened, and at the Council of Sutri in December 1046 Benedict IX and Sylvester III were declared deposed while Gregory VI was encouraged to resign, which he did.

In 1046, he accompanied King Henry III on his campaign to Italy and in December, participated in the Council of Sutri, which deposed former Popes Benedict IX and Sylvester III and persuaded Pope Gregory VI to resign.

Neither Gregory XII nor Benedict XIII appeared.

* May 5 – Pope Gregory VI becomes the 148th pope, following the deposition of Pope Benedict IX.