* Owain Gwynedd is recognized as ruler of Wales.

They plunder towns and capture slaves but later colonising large areas of what is called Gwynedd, in particular Llŷn, the coasts of Arllechwedd, Arfon and the Isle of Mona ( approximate date ).

* c. 545 – 546 ( approximate date ) – The Diocese of Bangor is established in the Welsh Kingdom of Gwynedd with Deiniol consecrated as first Bishop

* According to a popular legend, Prince Madog of Gwynedd reaches North America in what is present-day Alabama.

* Henry II of England invades Wales and is defeated at the Battle of Ewloe by Owain Gwynedd.

His grandson Llywelyn the Great is not known to have used the title ' Prince of Wales ' as such, although his use, from around 1230, of the style ' Prince of Aberffraw, Lord of Snowdon ' was tantamount to a proclamation of authority over most of Wales, and he did use the title ' Prince of North Wales ' as did his predecessor Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd.

Evidence for a continuing Roman influence after the departure of the Roman legions is provided by an inscribed stone from Gwynedd dated between the late 5th century and mid 6th century commemorating a certain Cantiorix who was described as a citizen ( cives ) of Gwynedd and a cousin of Maglos the magistrate ( magistratus ).

According to the chronicle Brut y Tywysogion, Godfrey Haroldson carried off two thousand captives from Anglesey in 987, and the king of Gwynedd, Maredudd ab Owain is reported to have redeemed many of his subjects from slavery by paying the Danes a large ransom.

Caernarfon (; ) is a Royal town, community and port in Gwynedd, Wales, with a population of 9, 611.

The nearest regional large hospital is Ysbyty Gwynedd, in Bangor.

Altogether, the prolific Owain Gwynedd is said to have had the following children from two wives and at least four mistresses:

The de Montfort story is the focus of the second part of The Brothers of Gwynedd Quartet by Edith Pargeter ( who also wrote as Ellis Peters ).

Cunedda, legendary founder of the Kingdom of Gwynedd in north Wales, is supposed to have been a Manaw Gododdin warlord who migrated southwest during the 5th century.

The Army Cadet Force in North Wales ( Clwyd and Gwynedd ACF ) is a set of amalgamated cadet force companies that were associated with The Royal Electrical Mechanical Engineers, The Welsh Guards and The Royal Welch Fusiliers: notably the 4th Cadet Battalion ( Clwyd ACF ) and the 6th Cadet Battalion ( Gwynedd ACF ) before they were amalgamated in April 2009 to form ' Clwyd and Gwynedd ACF '.

Portmeirion is a popular tourist village in Gwynedd, North Wales.

In Boone's youth, his family became a source of controversy in the local Quaker community that existed in what is now present day Lower Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania.

Gelert is the name of a legendary dog associated with the village of Beddgelert ( whose name means " Gelert's Grave ") in Gwynedd, northwest Wales.

Here, the dog is alleged to have belonged to Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Gwynedd, and to have been a gift from King John of England.

Beddgelert (), is a village and community in the Snowdonia area of Gwynedd, Wales.

His uncle Math ap Mathonwy, king of Gwynedd, must keep his feet in the lap of a young virgin at all times unless he is going to war.

While his uncle is off fighting, Gilfaethwy sneaks back to Gwynedd and has his way with Goewin.

Both sides suffer heavy losses, but Math fab Mathonwy, king of Gwynedd is victorious and Pryderi is forced to retreat.

* 1283 – Dafydd ap Gruffydd, prince of Gwynedd in Wales, becomes the first nobleman executed by being hanged, drawn and quartered.

Rhys made an alliance with Owain Gwynedd and after the failure of another invasion of Wales by Henry in 1165 was able to win back most of his lands.

Ceredigion was reclaimed from the Normans, but was annexed by Gwynedd as the senior partner in the alliance.

In 1143, when Rhys was eleven, Anarawd was murdered by the bodyguard of Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd, brother of Owain Gwynedd, king of Gwynedd.

He built a castle in the commote of Mabudryd, but Cadell, aided by Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd who held Ceredigion for Gwynedd, destroyed it in 1146.

Maredudd became ruler of Deheubarth and continued a campaign, begun in 1150, aimed at recovering Ceredigion, which had been held by Gwynedd since 1136.

Maredudd and Rhys were able to drive Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd from Ceredigion by 1153.

The earls were assisted by Cadwaladr, brother of Owain Gwynedd, and Owain's sons, Hywel and Cynan.

He was met by the united forces of the Welsh princes, led by Owain Gwynedd and including Rhys.

After Cadwallon ap Cadfn, the king of Gwynedd, in alliance with the pagan Penda of Mercia, killed Edwin of Deira in battle at Hatfield Chase in 633 ( or 632, depending on when the years used by Bede are considered to have begun ), Northumbria was split between its constituent kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira.

* The cantrefs of Rhos and Rhufoniog are annexed by Gruffydd ap Cynan, King of Gwynedd.

He was, however, himself defeated by an alliance of the exiled king of Gwynedd, Cadwallon ap Cadfan and Penda, king of Mercia, at the Battle of Hatfield Chase in 633.

Edwin, who had become ruler not only of the newly unified Northumbria, but bretwalda, or high king, over the southern kingdoms, was defeated and killed by Penda and his ally Cadwallon of Gwynedd in 633.

Originally king of Gwynedd, by 1055 he was ruler of almost all of Wales and had annexed parts of England around the border.

In 1081 Gruffudd ap Cynan, who had just won the throne of Gwynedd from Trahaearn ap Caradog at the Battle of Mynydd Carn was enticed to a meeting with the Earl of Chester and Earl of Shrewsbury and promptly seized and imprisoned, leading to the seizure of much of Gwynedd by the Normans.

Out of the power struggle in Gwynedd eventually arose one of the greatest of Welsh leaders, Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, also known as Llywelyn Fawr ( the Great ), who was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200 and by his death in 1240 was effectively ruler of much of Wales.

He led a series of successful campaigns ( 1062 – 63 ) against Gruffydd ap Llywelyn of Gwynedd, the ruler of Wales.

* Frances Lynch ( 1995 ) Gwynedd ( A guide to ancient and historic Wales series ) ( HMSO ) ISBN 0-11-701574-1

Gwynedd ( A Guide to Ancient and Historic Wales series ).

Cross Foxes to near Gellilydan ( in the Meirionydd part of Gwynedd south of Ffestiniog ) brings us to a complicated series of route renumbering.

He became engaged in an initially disastrous campaign against Northumbria where following a series of epic defeats he was confined first to Môn and then just to Ynys Glannauc before being forced into exile across the Irish Sea to Dublin-a place which would come to host many royal refugees from Gwynedd.

The fictional Kingdom of Gwynedd is the primary setting of the Deryni series of historical fantasy novels by Katherine Kurtz.

Camber MacRorie ( bottom ), Joram MacRorie ( left ), Evaine MacRorie Thuryn ( center ), and List of minor characters in the Deryni series # Queron Kinevan | Queron Kinevan ( right ) on the cover of The Harrowing of Gwynedd ( 1989 ); artwork by Michael Herring.