The research with high-resolution ( HR ) CS AAS was pioneered by the groups of O ’ Haver and Harnly in the USA, who also developed the ( up until now ) only simultaneous multi-element spectrometer for this technique.

The use of metal aircraft structures was pioneered before World War I by Breguet but would find its biggest proponent with Anthony Fokker who used chrome-molybdenum steel tubing for the fuselage structure of all his fighter designs, while the innovative German engineer Hugo Junkers developed two all-metal, single-seat fighter monoplane designs with cantilever wings: the strictly experimental Junkers J 2 private-venture aircraft, made with steel, and some forty examples of the Junkers D. I, made with corrugated duralumin, all based on his experience in creating the pioneering Junkers J 1 all-metal airframe technology demonstration aircraft of late 1915.

Hayek's greatest intellectual debt was to Carl Menger, who pioneered an approach to social explanation similar to that developed in Britain by Bernard Mandeville and the Scottish moral philosophers in the Scottish Enlightenment.

It developed directly from the Epipaleolithic Natufian culture in the region, whose people pioneered the use of wild cereals, which then evolved into true farming.

The earliest academic studies of contemporary Paganism were published in the late 1970s and 1980s by scholars like Margot Adler, Marcello Truzzi and Tanya Luhrmann, although it would not be until the 1990s that the actual multidisciplinary academic field of Pagan studies properly developed, pioneered by academics such as Graham Harvey and Chas S. Clifton.

In the later 1960s psychedelic scenes developed in a large number of countries in continental Europe, including the Netherlands with bands like The Outsiders, Denmark where it was pioneered by Steppeulvene, and Germany, where musicians began to fuse music of psychedelia and the electronic avant-garde.

The nascent conservation movement slowly developed in the 19th century, starting first in the scientific forestry methods pioneered by Prussia and France in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Scratching was pioneered by Grand Wizard Theodore in 1977, and the technique was further developed by other prominent DJs such as Grandmaster Flash.

William Ingram's and Walter Anderson's White Castle System created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multistate hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings.

Several just-in-time compilation ( JIT ) techniques were pioneered and improved in Self research as they were required to allow a very high level object oriented language to perform at up to half the speed of optimized C. Much of the development of Self took place at Sun Microsystems, and the techniques they developed were later deployed for Java's HotSpot virtual machine.

The Lisp machines developed at MIT in the early 1970s pioneered some of the principles of the workstation computer, as they were high-performance, networked, single-user systems intended for heavily interactive use.

In Italy, Petrarch developed the sonnet form pioneered by Giacomo da Lentini, which Dante used in his Vita Nuova.

The Derwent Valley Mills pioneered worker's housing as well as much technology developed by Richard Arkwright, producing an industrial landscape and heralding industrial towns.

The work of Talk Talk and Slint helped inspire post-rock ( an experimental style influenced by jazz and electronic music, pioneered by Bark Psychosis and taken up by acts such as Tortoise, Stereolab, and Laika ), as well as leading to more dense and complex, guitar-based math rock, developed by acts like Polvo and Chavez.

He pioneered the use of ' hydraulic lime ' ( a form of mortar which will set under water ) and developed a technique involving dovetailed blocks of granite in the building of the lighthouse.

He developed both verbal and non-verbal techniques, and pioneered the idea that the common experiences of wonderment, engrossment and confusion are, in reality, just kinds of trance.

He also pioneered the theory of link grammars and developed the technique of competitive analysis for online algorithms.

The music developed on tour was later recorded for the 1983 album Procession, which showed the band beginning to make something of a return to the " world music " which it had pioneered in the mid-1970s and featured a cameo appearance from The Manhattan Transfer.

BATNA was developed by negotiation researchers Roger Fisher and William Ury of the Harvard Program on Negotiation ( PON ), in their series of books on Principled negotiation that started with Getting to YES, unwittingly duplicating a game theoretic concept pioneered by Nobel Laureate John Forbes Nash decades earlier in his early undergraduate research.

Later Fairchild pioneered the planar process developed by Jean Hoerni in 1958, which was a huge improvement — transistors could be made easier, cheaper, and with much higher performance.

The two Woolworth brothers, pioneered and developed merchandising, direct purchasing, sales and customer service practices commonly used today.

* The KPS ( Knowledge Process System ), developed in joint venture with Racal plc, a system which pioneered running a multi-user LISP machine environment

He developed a passion for flight, and pioneered many techniques for navigating airplanes over the open ocean including drift indicators and bubble sextants.

With the advent of small wheel bicycles, pioneered by Alex Moulton in 1962, Dick Pashley developed a simple ' shopping ' tricycle, now known as the Pashley Picador.

( Peral also developed a primitive gyroscope for submarine navigation and pioneered the ability to fire live torpedoes while submerged.

Along with Leonard Tippett and Ronald Fisher, he pioneered the mathematical field of extreme value theory.

Xenakis pioneered the use of mathematical models in music such as applications of set theory, stochastic processes and game theory and was also an important influence on the development of electronic and computer music.

The probabilistic method is a nonconstructive method, primarily used in combinatorics and pioneered by Paul Erd &# 337 ; s, for proving the existence of a prescribed kind of mathematical object.

Other companies that did not originally use such mathematical and scientific methods most often failed or were forced to adopt the methods pioneered by Equitable.

Laplace formulated Laplace's equation, and pioneered the Laplace transform which appears in many branches of mathematical physics, a field that he took a leading role in forming.

Born in Dalkeith: the American Architecht Robert Smith ( 1722 ), the politician Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville ( 1742 ), the artist John Kay ( 1742 ), Robert Aitken who published the first Bible in North America, David Mushet, who pioneered iron production, photographer Robert Macpherson ( 1814 ), and the mathematical physicist Peter Guthrie Tait ( 1831 ).

Lewis Fry Richardson, FRS ( 11 October 1881-30 September 1953 ) was an English mathematician, physicist, meteorologist, psychologist and pacifist who pioneered modern mathematical techniques of weather forecasting, and the application of similar techniques to studying the causes of wars and how to prevent them.

A mathematician, physicist, meteorologist, psychologist and pacifist who pioneered modern mathematical techniques of weather forecasting, as well as the application of similar techniques to studying war.

Felix Klein, who pioneered this point of view, was himself interested in mathematical education.

Since the mid 1990s increasingly sophisticated mathematical models have been developed such as the dynamic programming formulation pioneered by Talluri and Van Ryzin which has led to more accurate estimates of bid prices.

Anderson Gray McKendrick ( September 8, 1876-May 30, 1943 ) was a Scottish physician and epidemiologist pioneered the use of mathematical methods in epidemiology.

He advocated scientifically skeptical inquiry and the scientific method, pioneered exobiology and promoted the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence ( SETI ).

A color print on paper could be produced by superimposing carbon prints of the three images made in their complementary colors, a subtractive method of color reproduction pioneered by Louis Ducos du Hauron in the late 1860s.

It has pioneered an environmentally safe method of deactivating and recycling nuclear-powered ships.

In 1837, Belgian botanist Charles François Antoine Morren discovered this fact and pioneered a method of artificially pollinating the plant.

It was pioneered in the mid 1940s by Kurt Lewin and Carl Rogers and his colleagues as a method of learning about human behavior in what became The National Training Laboratories ( now NTL Institute ) that was created by the Office of Naval Research and the National Education Association in Bethel, Maine, in 1947

Donald Freeland of Edmonton, Alberta pioneered the method, which helped to bring denim to a larger and more versatile market.

That is why, in the scientific method pioneered by Galileo and Bacon, the abductive stage of hypothesis formation is conceptualized simply as induction.

It also pioneered a unique method of generating 3-D vehicle animation by filming white-outlined black miniatures against black backgrounds using a computerized motion-control camera and high-contrast film, then printing the negatives onto acetate frame-by-frame, to create animation cels which were then hand-painted.

This method was pioneered by UK scoliosis specialist Min Mehta.

He pioneered the practice of bedside teaching making rounds with a handful of students, demonstrating what one student referred to as his method of " incomparably thorough physical examination.

Its presence in organic materials is the basis of the radiocarbon dating method pioneered by Willard Libby and colleagues ( 1949 ), to date archaeological, geological, and hydrogeological samples.

Using the cuffing method, players are also afforded the opportunity of performing the windmill motion towards the front ( counterclockwise ), a technique exploited by French athlete Kadour Ziani when he pioneered his trademark double-windmill ( see below ).

In 1825, Flourens pioneered the experimental method of carrying out localized lesions of the brain in living rabbits and pigeons and carefully observing their effects on motricity, sensibility and behavior.

At a time when most other tennis pros played with wooden rackets, Connors pioneered the " Wilson T2000 " steel racket, which utilized a method for stringing that had been devised and patented by Lacoste in 1953.

As a Governor of Dr Steevens ' Hospital in Dublin, in collaboration with Walter Stevenson he devised radiotherapy methods and promoted the establishment by the Royal Dublin Society of the Irish Radium Institute where they pioneered the " Dublin method " of using a hollow needle for deep radiotherapy, a technique that later entered worldwide use.

During this expedition, Beebe was also amazed to discover the number and variety of organisms living under a single tree, and pioneered the method of studying a small area of wilderness for an extended amount of time.

In addition to his helmet dives, Beebe applied the same method of research that he had pioneered in the tropics to a small area of ocean, sailing in circles around it for ten days with the intention of documenting all actions and interactions of marine life within that area.

Used in this edition was the method that Thomas had pioneered, called ' white-line ' engraving, a dark-to-light technique where the lines to remain white are cut out of the woodblock.

Tying is related to freebie marketing, which was pioneered by King C. Gillette and is a common ( and legal ) method of giving away ( or selling at a substantial discount ) one item to ensure a continual flow of sales of another related item.

This method was pioneered by Robert Costanza and is promoted in Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution.

Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad has stated that the Islamic world pioneered the scientific method, but may have been unable to progress to an industrial revolution because the prohibition of interest prevented would-be inventors from obtaining the necessary financing to develop their inventions.

Yau pioneered the method of using minimal surfaces to study geometry and topology.

The " Nebraska method " of ecological study developed here during this time, which pioneered grassland ecology and laid the foundation for research in theoretical ecology for the rest of the 20th century.