Edith Stein served as his personal assistant during his first few years in Freiburg, followed later by Martin Heidegger from 1920 to 1923.

Though Marcuse quickly distanced himself from Heidegger following Heidegger's endorsement of Nazism, it has been suggested by thinkers such as Juergen Habermas that an understanding of Marcuse's later thinking demands an appreciation of his early Heideggerian influence.

Sartre was influenced by many aspects of Western philosophy, adopting ideas from Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Søren Kierkegaard, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, among others.

Jacques Lacan, inspired by Heidegger and Saussure, built on Freud's psychoanalytic model of the subject, in which the " split subject " is constituted by a double bind: alienated from jouissance when he or she leaves the Real, enters into the Imaginary ( during the mirror stage ), and separates from the Other when he or she comes into the realm of language, difference, and demand in the Symbolic or the Name of the Father.

All the thinkers whom the song mentions were dead by the time it appeared, apart from Martin Heidegger.

Heidegger distinguished human being as existence from the being of things in the world.

Such a conclusion led Heidegger to depart from the Phenomenology of his teacher Husserl and prompt instead an ( ironically anachronistic ) return to the yet-unasked questions of Ontology, a return that in general did not acknowledge an intrinsic distinction between phenomena and noumena or between things in themselves ( de re ) and things as they appear ( see qualia ): Being-in-the-world, or rather, the openness to the process of Dasein's / Being's becoming was to bridge the age-old gap between these two.

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

Heidegger remained at Freiburg im Breisgau for the rest of his life, declining a number of later offers, including one from Humboldt University of Berlin.

In late 1946, as France engaged in épuration légale, the French military authorities determined that Heidegger should be forbidden from teaching or participating in any university activities because of his association with the Nazi Party.

Heidegger opens his magnum opus, Being and Time, with a citation from Plato's Sophist indicating that Western philosophy has neglected " being " because it was considered obvious, rather than as worthy of question.

For Heidegger, unlike for Husserl, philosophical terminology could not be divorced from the history of the use of that terminology, and thus genuine philosophy could not avoid confronting questions of language and meaning.

Being and Time influenced many thinkers, including such existentialist thinkers as Jean-Paul Sartre ( although Heidegger distanced himself from existentialism — see below ).

Heidegger claimed to have revived the question of being, the question having been largely forgotten by the metaphysical tradition extending from Plato to Descartes, a forgetfulness extending to the Age of Enlightenment and then to modern science and technology.

" Gadamer nevertheless makes clear that Dilthey's influence was important in helping the youthful Heidegger " in distancing himself from the systematic ideal of Neo-Kantianism, as Heidegger acknowledges in Being and Time.

The University of Freiburg, where Heidegger was Rector from April 21, 1933, to April 23, 1934

In 1941, under pressure from publisher Max Niemeyer, Heidegger agreed to remove the dedication to Husserl from Being and Time ( restored in post-war editions ).

In his postwar thinking, Heidegger distanced himself from Nazism, but his critical comments about Nazism seem " scandalous " to some since they tend to equate the Nazi war atrocities with other inhumane practices related to rationalisation and industrialisation, including the treatment of animals by factory farming.

In the interview, Heidegger defended his entanglement with National Socialism in two ways: first, he argued that there was no alternative, saying that he was trying to save the university ( and science in general ) from being politicized and thus had to compromise with the Nazi administration.

The Löwith account from 1936 has been cited to contradict the account given in the Der Spiegel interview in two ways: that there he did not make any decisive break with National Socialism in 1934, and that Heidegger was willing to entertain more profound relations between his philosophy and political involvement.

" Aside from merely disputing readings of his own work, however, in " Letter on ' Humanism ,'" Heidegger asserts that " Every humanism is either grounded in a metaphysics or is itself made to be the ground of one.

This early interest in Heidegger followed Marcuse's demand for “ concrete philosophy ,” which, he declared in 1928, “ concerns itself with the truth of contemporaneous human existence .” These words were directed against the neo-Kantianism of the mainstream, and against both the revisionist and orthodox Marxist alternatives, in which the subjectivity of the individual played little role.

Whereas Cassirer defended the role of rationality in Kant, Heidegger argued for the priority of the imagination.

It follows the shifting role of Geist ( spirit ) through Heidegger's work, noting that, in 1927, " spirit " was one of the philosophical terms that Heidegger set his sights on dismantling.

Phenomenologist Heidegger discussed care, conscience, and guilt, moving to “ authenticity ”, which in turn led to the feminism of Simone de Beauvoir and existentialism of Jean-Paul Sartre, both based on phenomenology's considerations of authenticity and its role in bad faith.

It was also rumoured that his former pupil and Nazi Party member, Martin Heidegger, informed Husserl that he was discharged, but it was actually the former rector.

Heidegger supported National Socialism in 1933 and was a member of the Nazi Party until May 1945 ,.

Heidegger was elected rector of the University on April 21, 1933, and joined the National Socialist German Workers ' ( Nazi ) Party on May 1.

Heidegger remained a member of both the academic faculty and of the Nazi Party until the end of the war.

Apparently Husserl and Heidegger had moved apart during the 1920s, which became clearer after 1928 when Husserl retired and Heidegger succeeded to his University chair.

Such observations of Heidegger, along with a critique of Max Scheler, were put into a lecture Husserl gave to various Kant Societies in Frankfurt, Berlin, and Halle during 1931 entitled Phänomenologie und Anthropologie.

They shared their thoughts and worked alongside each other for over a decade at the University of Freiburg, Heidegger being Husserl's assistant during 1920-1923.

Husserl became increasingly critical of Heidegger's work, especially in 1929, and included pointed criticism of Heidegger in lectures he gave during 1931.

For example, in a letter to the rector of Freiburg University of November 4, 1945, Heidegger, inspired by Jünger, tries to explain the notion of “ God is dead ” as the “ reality of the Will to Power .” Heidegger also praises Jünger for defending Nietzsche against a too biological or anthropological reading during the Third Reich.

Germany's most influential philosopher during the Weimar Republic years, and perhaps of the 20th century, was Martin Heidegger.

Heidegger published one of the cornerstones of 20th century philosophy during this period, Being and Time ( 1927 ).

Heidegger understands the commencement of the history of Western philosophy as a brief period of authentic openness to being, during the time of the pre-Socratics, especially Anaximander, Heraclitus, and Parmenides.

However, it subsequently transpired that this qualification had not been made during the original lecture, although Heidegger claimed that it had been.

An important witness to Heidegger's continued allegiance to National Socialism during the post-rectorship period is his former student Karl Löwith, who met Heidegger in 1936 while Heidegger was visiting Rome.

Celan visited Heidegger at his country retreat and wrote an enigmatic poem about the meeting, which some interpret as Celan's wish for Heidegger to apologize for his behavior during the Nazi era.

The philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre published a book in 2006 titled, Edith Stein: A Philosophical Prologue, 1913-1922, in which he contrasted Stein's living out of her own personal philosophy with Martin Heidegger, whose actions during the Nazi era according to MacIntyre suggested a " bifurcation of personality.

He also attended a seminar there with Martin Heidegger ( and, during a later visit to Heidelberg, with Hans-Georg Gadamer ).

SOLDIER was originally a separate entity, but, during the events of Crisis Core, it was brought under the auspices of the Public Safety Maintenance Department by Heidegger, after the demotion of SOLDIER's previous director, Lazard.

The philosopher Martin Heidegger visited Sounion during his journey to Greece in 1962, as described in his book Sojourns.

He studied at the Universities of Cologne, Bonn, and Freiburg, under Max Scheler, Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger and Oskar Becker during his four years there.