Some philosophers who have had more noteworthy theories are Parmenides, Leucippus, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Plotinus, Aquinas, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Hegel, Heidegger, and Sartre.

During this period Husserl had delivered lectures on internal time consciousness, which several decades later his former student Heidegger edited for publication.

Apparently Husserl and Heidegger had moved apart during the 1920s, which became clearer after 1928 when Husserl retired and Heidegger succeeded to his University chair.

In the summer of 1929 Husserl had studied carefully selected writings of Heidegger, coming to the conclusion that on several of their key positions they differed, e. g., Heidegger substituted Dasein for the pure ego, thus transforming phenomenology into an anthropology, a specie of psychologism strongly disfavored by Husserl.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty () ( 14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961 ) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Karl Marx, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger in addition to being closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre ( who later stated he had been " converted " to Marxism by Merleau-Ponty ) and Simone de Beauvoir.

Heidegger maintained that philosophy, in the process of philosophizing, had lost sight of the being it sought.

Martin Heidegger had extramarital affairs with Hannah Arendt and Elisabeth Blochmann, both students of his.

" Nevertheless, Gadamer noted that Heidegger was no patient collaborator with Husserl, and that Heidegger's " rash ascent to the top, the incomparable fascination he aroused, and his stormy temperament surely must have made Husserl, the patient one, as suspicious of Heidegger as he always had been of Max Scheler's volcanic fire.

Heidegger himself had contact with a number of leading Japanese intellectuals, including members of the Kyoto School, notably Hajime Tanabe and Kuki Shūzō.

Heidegger later claimed that his relationship with Husserl had already become strained after Husserl publicly " settled accounts " with Heidegger and Max Scheler in the early 1930s.

However, it subsequently transpired that this qualification had not been made during the original lecture, although Heidegger claimed that it had been.

In the interview, Heidegger defended his entanglement with National Socialism in two ways: first, he argued that there was no alternative, saying that he was trying to save the university ( and science in general ) from being politicized and thus had to compromise with the Nazi administration.

The influence of Heidegger on Sartre's Being and Nothingness is marked, but Heidegger felt that Sartre had misread his work, as he argued in later texts such as the " Letter on ' Humanism '.

Jacques Derrida made emphatic efforts to displace the understanding of Heidegger's work that had been prevalent in France from the period of the ban against Heidegger teaching in German universities, which amounted to an almost wholesale rejection of the influence of Jean-Paul Sartre and existentialist terms.

Nevertheless, Rorty asserted that what Heidegger had constructed in his writings was a myth of being rather than an account of it.

In the previous year she had worked with Martin Heidegger in editing Husserl's papers for publication, Heidegger being appointed similarly as a teaching assistant to Husserl at Freiburg in October 1916.

Martin Heidegger had also been said to show misanthropy in his concern of the " they " — the tendency of people to conform to one view, which no-one has really thought through, but is just followed because, " they say so ".

Sartre, popularly understood as misreading Heidegger ( an understanding supported by Heidegger's essay " Letter on Humanism " which responds to Sartre's famous address, " Existentialism is a Humanism "), employs modes of being in an attempt to ground his concept of freedom ontologically by distinguishing between being-in-itself and being-for-itself.

Heidegger coined the term " dasein " for this property of being in his influential work Being and Time (" this entity which each of us is himself … we shall denote by the term ' dasein.

Edith Stein served as his personal assistant during his first few years in Freiburg, followed later by Martin Heidegger from 1920 to 1923.

Though Marcuse quickly distanced himself from Heidegger following Heidegger's endorsement of Nazism, it has been suggested by thinkers such as Juergen Habermas that an understanding of Marcuse's later thinking demands an appreciation of his early Heideggerian influence.

Sartre was influenced by many aspects of Western philosophy, adopting ideas from Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Søren Kierkegaard, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, among others.

Jacques Lacan, inspired by Heidegger and Saussure, built on Freud's psychoanalytic model of the subject, in which the " split subject " is constituted by a double bind: alienated from jouissance when he or she leaves the Real, enters into the Imaginary ( during the mirror stage ), and separates from the Other when he or she comes into the realm of language, difference, and demand in the Symbolic or the Name of the Father.

All the thinkers whom the song mentions were dead by the time it appeared, apart from Martin Heidegger.

Many postmodern thinkers who investigated the problem of nihilism as put forward by Nietzsche, were influenced by Martin Heidegger ’ s interpretation of Nietzsche.

It is only recently that Heidegger ’ s influence on nihilism research by Nietzsche has faded.

In his Nihilism as Determined by the History of Being ( 1944 – 46 ), Heidegger tries to understand Nietzsche ’ s nihilism as trying to achieve a victory through the devaluation of the, until then, highest values.

Heidegger, in his interpretation of Nietzsche, has been inspired by Ernst Jünger.

For example, in a letter to the rector of Freiburg University of November 4, 1945, Heidegger, inspired by Jünger, tries to explain the notion of “ God is dead ” as the “ reality of the Will to Power .” Heidegger also praises Jünger for defending Nietzsche against a too biological or anthropological reading during the Third Reich.

Habermas, Lyotard and Rorty are also philosophers who are influenced by Heidegger ’ s interpretation of Nietzsche.

In this latter respect, Post-structuralists were, as a group, continuing the philosophical project initiated by Martin Heidegger, who saw himself as extending the implications of Friedrich Nietzsche's work.

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

Derrida utilized, like Heidegger, references to Greek philosophical notions associated with the Skeptics and the Presocratics, such as Epoché and Aporia to articulate his notion of implicit circularity between premises and conclusions, origins and manifestations, but-in a manner analogous in certain respects to Gilles Deleuze-presented a radical re-reading of canonical philosophical figures such as Plato, Aristotle and Descartes as themselves being informed by such " destabilizing " notions.

Beginning as a critique of Continental philosophy, it was heavily influenced by phenomenology, structuralism and existentialism, including writings of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Martin Heidegger.

Heidegger, while acknowledging his debt to Husserl, followed a political position offensive and harmful to Husserl after the Nazi regime came to power in 1933, Husserl being of Jewish origin and Heidegger infamously being then a Nazi proponent.

Dasein, then, is not intended as a way of conducting a philosophical anthropology, but is rather understood by Heidegger to be the condition of possibility for anything like a philosophical anthropology.

Heidegger claimed to have revived the question of being, the question having been largely forgotten by the metaphysical tradition extending from Plato to Descartes, a forgetfulness extending to the Age of Enlightenment and then to modern science and technology.

In the published version, Heidegger refers to the " inner truth and greatness " of the National Socialist movement ( die innere Wahrheit und Größe dieser Bewegung ), but he then adds a qualifying statement in parentheses: " namely, the confrontation of planetary technology and modern humanity " ( nämlich die Begegnung der planetarisch bestimmten Technik und des neuzeitlichen Menschen ).

He then characterizes a number of philosophies that describe and attempt to deal with this feeling of the absurd, by Heidegger, Jaspers, Shestov, Kierkegaard, and Husserl.

It was then transformed by Martin Heidegger ( 1889 – 1976 ), whose famous book Being and Time applied phenomenology to ontology, and who, along with Ludwig Wittgenstein, is considered one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century.

Also, Martin Heidegger started out his academic career as Rickert's assistant, graduated with him and then wrote his habilitation thesis under Rickert.

Heidegger then is read against the background of the " new " approaches to science in science studies, and against the background of the scientific revolutions which have occurred since the mid-20th century.

From then until 1964 he was an assistant professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Tübingen, where, after spending 1965 lecturing at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, he gained his Habilitation in 1966 analyzing the concept of truth in Husserl and Heidegger.