Herbivory is a form of consumption in which an organism principally eats autotrophs such as plants, algae and photosynthesizing bacteria.

Herbivory usually refers to animals eating plants ; fungi, bacteria and protists that feed on living plants are usually termed plant pathogens ( plant diseases ), and microbes that feed on dead plants are saprotrophs.

Herbivory among terrestrial vertebrates ( tetrapods ) came much later.

* In Herbivory of Leaf-Cutting Ants, by R. Wirth, H. Herz, R. J. Ryel, W. Beyschlag and B. Holldobler, 9 -.

Herbivory has evolved several times among different groups of animals.

Herbivory is also evident, judging by boring and piercing wounds in various states of repair, and the mouthparts of arthropods.

There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism.

Like its close cousin, the Asian steppe polecat ( with which it was once thought to be conspecific ), the black-footed ferret represents a more progressive form than the European polecat in the direction of carnivory.

The stomach anatomy of a hippo is not suited to carnivory, and meat-eating is likely caused by aberrant behavior or nutritional stress.

Organisms showing both carnivory and herbivory are known as omnivores.

Reptiles invaded new niches at a faster rate and began diversifying their diets, developing herbivory and carnivory, previously only having been insectivores and piscivores.

The extinct thylacoleonids (" marsupial lions ") are the only known group to have exhibited carnivory on a large scale.

Bromeliads are monocots, and given that they all naturally collect water where their leaves meet each other, and that many collect detritus, it is not surprising that a few should have been naturally selected to develop the habit into carnivory by the addition of wax and downward-pointing hairs.

It is often used as a synonym for carnivory but in its widest definition includes all forms of one organism eating another, regardless of trophic level ( e. g. herbivory ), closeness of association ( e. g. parasitism and parasitoidism ) and harm done to prey ( e. g. grazing ).

The European polecat is, however, not as maximally adapted in the direction of carnivory as the steppe polecat, being less specialised in skull structure and dentition.

Further study of maniraptoran theropods and their relationships showed that therizinosaurs were not the only member of this group to abandon carnivory.

In several species, there is a shift from carnivory in juveniles to herbivory in adults.

; Sudarshana, L. & Krishnan, R. ( 1995 ): Defence and carnivory: dual roles of bracts in Passiflora foetida.

Other morphological characteristics of the teeth, such as the detailed form of the denticles and the presence of blood grooves, also seem to indicate carnivory.

A recent experiment has shown that adding dead insects to these cups increases the seedset of teasels ( but not their height ), implying partial carnivory.

Evidence of partial carnivory among some oviraptorines comes from a lizard skeleton preserved in the body cavity of the type specimen of Oviraptor and two hatchling Byronosaurus skulls found in a Citipati nest.

Although suggested a century earlier by Charles Darwin, carnivory in the genus was not proven until 1998.

At the end of autumn, the pitchers begin to wither and the plants produce non-carnivorous leaves called phyllodia, which play a role in the economics of carnivory in these species.

Since a complex set of adaptations was necessary for feeding on highly fibrous plant materials ( structural modifications to the teeth, jaws, and digestive tract ) and only a small proportion of extant tetrapods are obligate herbivores, it could be that early tetrapods made the transition to fully fledged herbivory by way of omnivory.

Soil ecologists discovered that omnivory in food webs was common, and that food chains could be long and complex and still remain resistant to disturbance by drying, freezing, and fumigation.

The teeth suggest omnivory, and are more generalised than those of modern apes.

While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for in the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis, and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity.

It was once thought that omnivory was rare, but recent evidence suggests otherwise.

Dinosaurs belonging to the suborder Theropoda were primarily carnivorous, although a number of theropod groups evolved herbivory, omnivory, and insectivory.

Later suggestions included omnivory and herbivory.

Besides the grazing effect, another barrier to top down control in soil ecosystems is widespread omnivory, which by increasing the number of trophic interactions, dampens effects from the top.

Until the last decade, it was believed that soil food webs were relatively simple, with low degrees of connectance and omnivory.

`` That is, if we can be sure this is Colcord's money '' --

It'll probably be at least an hour or two before I can check back with you.

Even as I said it I realized that an education can be invaluable.

Within their confines, moreover, technological and industrial growth has proceeded at an accelerated pace, thus increasing the cornucopia from which material wants can be satisfied.

And no messages can be transmitted on these circuits until senders and receivers authenticate in advance, by special codes, that the messages actually come from their purported sources.

Additional codes can be used to challenge and counterchallenge the authentications.

Nobody can be absolutely certain of the answers.

All can be connected with the gold circuit from their homes.

The box is internally wired so the door can never be opened without setting off a screeching klaxon ( `` It's real obnoxious '' ).

Unless all gadgets are properly operated -- and the wires and seals from the handles removed first -- no damage can be done.

I do not know if such a way of life can come to be a self-conscious challenge, but I suspect that it can.

As his disciples boast, even though his emphasis is elsewhere, Faulkner does show his awareness of the changing order of the South quite keenly, as can be proven by a quick recalling of his Sartoris and Snopes families.

An order can be chanced rather than chosen, and this approach produces an experience that is `` free and discovered rather than bound and remembered ''.

And any sequence can not only change its positions in the work but can even be eliminated from it altogether.

When it comes to this, I shall prefer emigrating to some country where they make no pretence of loving liberty -- to Russia, for instance, where despotism can be taken pure, without the base alloy of hypocrisy '' ( His emphasis )

Something of this can be learned from `` The Way To The Churchyard '' ( 1901 ), an anecdote about an old failure whose fit of anger at a passing cyclist causes him to die of a stroke or seizure.

Similarly experience itself can be conventionalized so that people react to certain preconceived clues for behavior without awareness of the vitality of their experiential field.

When words can be used in a more fresh and primitive way so that they strike with the force of sights and sounds, when tones of sound and colors of paint and the carven shape all strike the sensibilities with an undeniable force of data in and of themselves, compelling the observer into an attitude of attention, all this imitates the way experience itself in its deepest character strikes upon the door of consciousness and clamors for entrance.

it can be changed ; ;

You've already sent your daughter to Miss X's select academy for girls and your son to Mr. Y's select academy for boys, and you can be as liberal as you please with strict impunity.

In scope and power it can only be compared to Tolstoy's War And Peace.

However, for convenience we will stick to the idea that information can be classified according to Table 1.

Since the hazards of poor communication are so great, p can be justified as a habitable site only on the basis of unusual productivity such as is made available by a waterfall for milling purposes, a mine, or a sugar maple camp.