The use of the abacus in Ancient Egypt is mentioned by the Greek historian Herodotus, who writes that the Egyptians manipulated the pebbles from right to left, opposite in direction to the Greek left-to-right method.

The connection to Phoenician religion claimed by Herodotus I. 105, 131 ) has led to inconclusive attempts at deriving Greek Aphrodite from a Semitic Aštoret, via hypothetical Hittite transmission.

Herodotus also describes that just like his predecessor, Amasis II relied on Greek mercenaries and council men.

According to Herodotus, when Anacharsis returned to the Scythians he was killed by his own brother for his Greek ways and especially for the impious attempt to sacrifice to the Mother Goddess Cybele, whose cult was unwelcome among the Scythians.

The word is attested in Herodotus, who wrote some of the first surviving Greek prose, but this may not have been before 440 or 430 BC.

Androphagi ( Ancient Greek: " Ἀνδροφάγοι " for " man-eaters ") was an ancient nation of cannibals north of Scythia ( according to Herodotus ), probably in the forests between the upper waters of the Dnepr and Don.

The Greek historian Herodotus wrote that Xerxes sought his harem after being defeated in the Greco-Persian Wars.

The earliest bestiary in the form in which it was later popularized was an anonymous 2nd century Greek volume called the Physiologus, which itself summarized ancient knowledge and wisdom about animals in the writings of classical authors such as Aristotle's Historia Animalium and various works by Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, Solinus, Aelian and other naturalists.

The main source for the Greco-Persian Wars is the Greek historian Herodotus.

Herodotus mentions for several events a date in the lunisolar calendar, of which each Greek city-state used a variant.

Herodotus suggests that this was the first time a Greek army ran into battle in this way ; this was probably because it was the first time that a Greek army had faced an enemy composed primarily of missile troops.

Herodotus records that when heralds of the Persian king Darius the Great demanded " earth and water " ( i. e., symbols of submission ) of various Greek cities, the Athenians threw them into a pit and the Spartans threw them down a well for the purpose of suggesting they would find both earth and water at the bottom, these often being mentioned by the messenger as a threat of siege.

In antiquity, the Greek historian Herodotus mentioned that the world had been divided by unknown persons into three parts, Europe, Asia, and Libya ( Africa ), with the Nile and the River Phasis forming their boundaries — though he also states that some considered the River Don, rather than the Phasis, as the boundary between Europe and Asia.

But the form of the OHG and Gothic words suggests it is also a borrowing, perhaps indeed directly or indirectly from Greek " ἐλέφας " ( elephas ), which in Homer only meant " ivory ", but from Herodotus on the word also referred to the animal.

Herodotus is the first who stated the main characteristics of ethnicity, with his famous account of what defines Greek identity, where he lists kinship ( Greek: ὅμαιμον-homaimon, " of the same blood "), language ( Greek: ὁμόγλωσσον-homoglōsson, " speaking the same language "), cults and customs ( Greek: ὁμότροπον-homotropon, " of the same habits or life ").

Herodotus (; Hēródotos ) was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus, Caria ( modern day Bodrum, Turkey ) and lived in the fifth century BC ( 484 – 425 BC ).

Herodotus employs a deceptively simple narrative style, in which the original Greek is Ionian in dialect, including some Homeric and other forms.

However, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a literary critic of Augustan Rome, listed seven predecessors of Herodotus, describing their works as simple, unadorned accounts of their own and other cities and people, Greek or foreign, including popular legends, sometimes melodramatic and naive, often charming-all traits that can be found in the work of Herodotus himself.

But unlike Herodotus, Hecataeus did not record events that had occurred in living memory, nor did he include the oral traditions of Greek history within the larger framework of oriental history.

Harris dates studies of both to Classical Greece and Classical Rome, specifically, to Herodotus, often called the " father of history " and the Roman historian, Tacitus, who wrote many of our only surviving contemporary accounts of several ancient Celtic and Germanic peoples.

According to the historian Herodotus, the poet threw away his shield to make good his escape from the victorious Athenians then celebrated the occasion in a poem that he later sent to his friend, Melanippus.

Similarly, the Athenian historian Thucydides dismissed Herodotus as a ' logos-writer ' or story-teller.

A few modern scholars have argued that Herodotus exaggerated the extent of his travels and invented his sources yet his reputation continues largely intact: " The Father of History is also the father of comparative anthropology ", " the father of ethnography ", and he is " more modern than any other ancient historian in his approach to the ideal of total history ".

Some " calumnious fictions " were written about Herodotus in a work titled On the Malice of Herodotus, by Plutarch, a Theban by birth, ( or it might have been a Pseudo-Plutarch, in this case " a great collector of slanders "), including the allegation that the historian was prejudiced against Thebes because the authorities there had denied him permission to set up a school.

Herodotus ( 5th century BC ), the great Greek historian ; one of the earliest historians whose work survives.

Ali al-Masudi was an Arab historian, known as the " Herodotus of the Arabs.

Embedded in Greek myth, there remain fragments of quite variant tales, hinting at the rich variety of myth that once existed, city by city ; but Hesiod's retelling of the old stories became, according to the fifth-century historian Herodotus, the accepted version that linked all Hellenes.

The Greek historian Herodotus stated that the Etruscans came from Lydia, repeated in Virgil's epic poem the Aeneid, and Etruscan-like language was found on the Lemnos stele.

According to Greek historian Herodotus, Darius wanted to know more about Asia.

In the days of the Greek historians Ctesias and Herodotus, 400 BC, Nineveh had become a thing of the past ; and when Xenophon the historian passed the place in the Retreat of the Ten Thousand the very memory of its name had been lost.

The shrine of Dodona was the oldest Hellenic oracle, according to the fifth-century historian Herodotus and in fact, dates to pre-Hellenic times, perhaps as early as the second millennium BC when the tradition probably spread from Egypt.

The Greek historian Herodotus says Pyrene is the name of a town in Celtic Europe.

Fables, succinct tales with an explicit " moral ," were said by the Greek historian Herodotus to have been invented in the 6th century BCE by a Greek slave named Aesop, though other times and nationalities have also been given for him.

According to the Histories of the Greek historian Herodotus, about 600 BC, Necho II undertook to dig a west-east canal through the Wadi Tumilat between Bubastis and Heroopolis, and perhaps continued it to the Heroopolite Gulf and the Red Sea.

* Herodotus of Halicarnassus, historian ( c. 485 BC )

* The Greek historian Herodotus, the main source for the Greco-Persian Wars, mentions Pheidippides as the messenger who runs from Athens to Sparta asking for help, and then runs back, a distance of over 240 kilometres each way.

The Greek historian Herodotus described the hippopotamus in The Histories ( written circa 440 BC ) and the Roman Historian Pliny the Elder wrote about the hippopotamus in his encyclopedia Naturalis Historia ( written circa 77 AD ).

According to the Greek historian Herodotus, Xerxes's first attempt to bridge the Hellespont ended in failure when a storm destroyed the flax and papyrus cables of the bridges ; Xerxes ordered the Hellespont ( the strait itself ) whipped three hundred times and had fetters thrown into the water.

One such figure was Phanes of Halicarnassus, who would later on leave Amasis, for reasons Herodotus does not clearly know but suspects were personal between the two figures.

Herodotus who visited Egypt less than a century after Amasis II's death writes that:

Herodotus, who has been called the ' Father of History ', was born in 484 BC in Halicarnassus, Asia Minor ( then under Persian overlordship ).

Nevertheless, there are still some historians who believe Herodotus made up much of his story.

There does, however, seem to have been a delay between the Athenian arrival at Marathon, and the battle ; Herodotus, who evidently believed that Miltiades was eager to attack, may have made a mistake whilst seeking to explain this delay.

Herodotus recounts the story that Cynaegirus, brother of the playwright Aeschylus, who was also among the fighters, charged into the sea, grabbed one Persian trireme, and started pulling it towards shore.

Most accounts incorrectly attribute this story to Herodotus ; actually, the story first appears in Plutarch's On the Glory of Athens in the 1st century AD, who quotes from Heracleides of Pontus's lost work, giving the runner's name as either Thersipus of Erchius or Eucles.

The author Julian Symons has commented on writers who see this as a detective story, arguing that " those who search for fragments of detection in the Bible and Herodotus are looking only for puzzles " and that these puzzles are not detective stories.

Herodotus and Alexander the Great were among the many illustrious people who visited the temple in the pre-Christian era.

Early conceptions of ecology, such as a balance and regulation in nature can be traced to Herodotus ( died c. 425 BC ), who described one of the earliest accounts of mutualism in his observation of " natural dentistry ".

The generation following Herodotus witnessed a spate of local histories of the individual city-states ( poleis ), written by the first of the local historians who employed the written archives of city and sanctuary.

In 425 BC, which is about the time that Herodotus is thought by many scholars to have died, the Athenian comic dramatist, Aristophanes, created The Acharnians, in which he blames The Peloponnesian War on the abduction of some prostitutes-a mocking reference to Herodotus, who reported the Persians ' account of their wars with Greece, beginning with the rapes of the mythical heroines Io, Europa, Medea and Helen.

Thucydides, who had been trained in rhetoric, became the model for subsequent prose-writers as an author who seeks to appear firmly in control of his material, whereas Herodotus with his frequent digressions appeared to minimize ( or possibly disguise ) his auctorial control.

According to a very different account by an ancient grammarian, Herodotus refused to begin reading his work at the festival of Olympia until some clouds offered him a bit of shade, by which time however the assembly had dispersed-thus the proverbial expression " Herodotus and his shade " to describe any man who misses his opportunity through delay.

After the death of Aegimius, his two sons, Pamphylus and Dymas, voluntarily submitted to Hyllus ( who was, according to the Dorian tradition in Herodotus V. 72, really an Achaean ), who thus became ruler of the Dorians, the three branches of that race being named after these three heroes.