; Metropolitan bishop: A metropolitan bishop is an archbishop in charge of an ecclesiastical province, or group of dioceses, and in addition to having immediate jurisdiction over his own archdiocese, also exercises some oversight over the other dioceses within that province.

Before the Norman conquest in 1066, justice was administered primarily by what is today known as the county courts ( the modern " counties " were referred to as " Shires " in pre-Norman times ), presided by the diocesan bishop and the sheriff, exercising both ecclesiastical and civil jurisdiction.

Cardinals have in canon law a " privilege of forum " ( i. e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank ): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction ( cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to infringement of ecclesiastical laws and whatever contains an element of sin, where culpability must be determined and the appropriate ecclesiastical penalty imposed ).

The city government retained the power to summon persons before the court, and the Consistory could judge only ecclesiastical matters having no civil jurisdiction.

Both the Codex and the Novellae contain many enactments regarding donations, foundations, and the administration of ecclesiastical property ; election and rights of bishops, priests and abbots ; monastic life, residential obligations of the clergy, conduct of divine service, episcopal jurisdiction, etc.

A military ordinariate is an ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church, of Latin or Eastern Rite, responsible for the pastoral care of Catholics serving in the armed forces of a nation.

The Pope's ecclesiastical jurisdiction ( the Holy See ) is distinct from his secular jurisdiction ( Vatican City ).

The names " Holy See " and " Apostolic See " are ecclesiastical terminology for the ordinary jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome ( including the Roman Curia ); the pope's various honors, powers, and privileges within the Catholic Church and the international community derive from his Episcopate of Rome in lineal succession from the Apostle Saint Peter ( see Apostolic Succession ).

The other chief incidents of his pontificate were his disputes with King Edward III of England as a result of the latter's encroachments on ecclesiastical jurisdiction, as well as with the kings of Castile and Aragon ; his fruitless negotiations for reunion with the Armenians and the Byzantine emperor, John VI Kantakouzenos ; and the commencement of Cola di Rienzo's agitation in Rome.

Soon afterwards, however, Gregory received a letter from Donatus, Patriarch of Grado, complaining that Serenus had overstepped his authority, and was interfering within what was Grado ’ s ecclesiastical jurisdiction.

Every synod elects a Permanent Judicial Commission, which has original jurisdiction in remedial cases brought against its constituent presbyteries, and which also serves as an ecclesiastical court of appeal for decisions rendered by its presbyteries ' Permanent Judicial Commissions.

* Pope Symmachus, accused of various crimes by secular authorities who supported an ecclesiastical opponent, asserted the secular ruler had no jurisdiction over him.

Christian approved a plan by which a formal state church should be established in Denmark, all appeals to Rome should be abolished, and the king and diet should have final jurisdiction in ecclesiastical causes.

During the 1327 council the temporalities of the Church and ecclesiastical jurisdiction occupied their attention.

The ceremonial mace was commonly borne before eminent ecclesiastical corporations, magistrates, and academic bodies as a mark and symbol of jurisdiction.

He had insisted that priests should accompany their flocks in battle, had made them amenable to secular jurisdiction, had withheld the tribute due to Rome and had even claimed the right of disposing of ecclesiastical domains.

The patriarch stood firm on the main points contested between the Eastern and Western Churches, the demanded apology to the Pope, the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Bulgaria, and the introduction of the filioque clause into the Nicene creed.

Like the mass of the nation, he grew more Protestant as time wore on ; he was happier to persecute Catholics than Puritans ; and he had no love for ecclesiastical jurisdiction.

Paul's insistence of ecclesiastical jurisdiction led to a number of quarrels between the Church and the secular governments of various states, notably Venice, where patricians, such as Ermolao Barbaro ( 1548 – 1622 ) of the noble Barbaro family, argued in favor of the exemption of the clergy from the jurisdiction of the civil courts.

The ecclesiastical leadership exercised by abbots despite their frequent lay status is proved by their attendance and votes at ecclesiastical councils.

Surviving medieval art is primarily religious in focus and funded largely by the State, Roman Catholic or Orthodox church, powerful ecclesiastical individuals, or wealthy secular patrons.

He does not, however, exercise any direct authority in the provinces outside England, except in certain minor roles dictated by Canon in those provinces ( for example, he is the judge in the event of an ecclesiastical prosecution against the Archbishop of Wales ).

The ecclesiastical Abbreviators were officials of the Holy See, among the principal officials of the Apostolic Chancery, which is one of the oldest and most important offices in the Roman Curia.

Bede dedicated this work to Cuthbert, apparently a student, for he is named " beloved son " in the dedication, and Bede says " I have laboured to educate you in divine letters and ecclesiastical statutes " Another textbook of Bede's is the De orthographia, a work on orthography, designed to help a medieval reader of Latin with unfamiliar abbreviations and words from classical Latin works.

A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church.

In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displayed on the cardinal's coat of arms.

Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members.

It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church ( both Latin Rite and Eastern Catholic Churches ), the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the Anglican Communion of churches.

The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees ( eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church ) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the Ante-Nicene Fathers

: And the One Hundred and Fifty most religious Bishops, actuated by the same consideration, gave equal privileges ( ἴσα πρεσβεῖα ) to the most holy throne of New Rome, justly judging that the city which is honoured with the Sovereignty and the Senate and enjoys equal privileges with the old imperial Rome, should in ecclesiastical matters also be magnified as she is, and rank next after her.

Accordingly, “ moved by the same purposes ” the fathers “ apportioned equal prerogatives to the most holy see of new Rome ” because “ the city which is honored by the imperial power and senate and enjoying privileges equaling older imperial Rome should also be elevated to her level in ecclesiastical affairs and take second place after her .” The framework for allocating ecclesiastical authority advocated by the council fathers mirrored the allocation of imperial authority in the later period of the Roman Empire.

Whether the flag has its origins in a divine sign, a banner of a military order, an ecclesiastical banner, or perhaps something entirely different, Danish literature is no help before the early 15th century.

Another difference is that the astronomical vernal equinox is a natural astronomical phenomenon, which can fall on 19, 20 March, or 21, while the ecclesiastical date is fixed by convention on 21 March.

Such acts of recognition of a saint were authoritative, in the strict sense, only for the diocese or ecclesiastical province for which they were issued, but with the spread of the fame of a saint, were often accepted elsewhere also.

Kings often employed bishops in administrative affairs and often determined who would be appointed to ecclesiastical offices.

Egyptian Coptic, however, often still appeared in ecclesiastical and secular circles.

They were often subject to persecution and perceived as a subversive element by the nineteenth century Russian authorities and ecclesiastical bodies.

The need for this requirement arose because of the trouble caused from the earliest years of the Church by unattached or vagrant clergy subject to no ecclesiastical authority and often causing scandal wherever they went.

A great number of ecclesiastical buildings remain from this period, of which even the smallest are often structures of architectural distinction while many of the larger churches are considered priceless works of art and are listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.

The Ionan tables not only often resulted in a different date for the celebration of Easter, but they also allowed Easter to be celebrated on Nisan 14 if that were a Sunday, whereas Roman custom would have Easter moved to a different week in such a year ( see ecclesiastical computus ).

* A deacon is often styled as The Reverend Deacon ( or Hierodeacon, Archdeacon, Protodeacon, according to ecclesiastical elevation ), while in spoken use the title Father is used ( sometimes Father Deacon ).

The poems, while by no means of equal literary merit, are generally characterised by delicate and true poetic feeling, and refined and often extremely felicitous language ; and it is a proof of the fidelity to nature with which its themes are treated that the book has become a religious classic with readers far removed from the author's ecclesiastical standpoint and general school of thought.

The office and ecclesiastical circumscription ( comprising one or more provinces, though outside his own ( arch ) diocese he is often without enforceable jurisdiction ) of such a Patriarch is termed a Patriarchate.

Thomasius is often spoken of in German works as the author of the " territorial system ," or Erastian theory of ecclesiastical government ; but he taught that the state may interfere with legal or public duties only, and not with moral or private ones.

The sees of Rome and Constantinople were often at odds with one another, just as the Greek and Latin Churches as a whole were often at odds both politically and in things ecclesiastical.

When used as an ecclesiastical styling or title, the term may be abbreviated to " Pr " or often " Ps.

Ralph Adams Cram, FAIA ( December 16, 1863 – September 22, 1942 ) was a prolific and influential American architect of collegiate and ecclesiastical buildings, often in the Gothic style.

The original series was also noted for the variety of venues where filming took place — often including academic and ecclesiastical buildings.

Most surviving art from the Medieval period was religious in focus, often funded by the Church, powerful ecclesiastical individuals such as bishops, communal groups such as abbeys, or wealthy secular patrons.

In the Anglican Communion, a metropolitan is generally the head of an ecclesiastical province ( or cluster of dioceses ) and ranks immediately under the primate of the national church ( who is often also a metropolitan ).

The songs often include unique pioneer-era Mormon culture references such as crossing the plains, Mormon ecclesiastical leaders, and LDS religious convictions.

Independents rely upon personal inspiration and revelation to guide them ; there is no ecclesiastical structure among the Independents, although Independents often socialize with each other and may meet together for religious services.

Be it a city district or village, the civil parish is often based on an ecclesiastical parish.

Clergy often funded ecclesiastical schools where clerics taught.

However, women ( and men ) who are viewed as publicly oppositional toward the church's patriarchal structure are often subject to ecclesiastical discipline, including excommunication for apostasy.