Historians generally credit João Faras-astronomer and physician of King Manuel I of Portugal who accompanied Pedro Álvares Cabral in the discovery of Brazil in 1500-for being the first European to depict it correctly.

Silvermintz notes that, " Historians of economic thought credit Plato, primarily on account of arguments advanced in his Republic, as an early proponent of the division of labor .” Notwithstanding this, Silvermintz argues that, " While Plato recognizes both the economic and political benefits of the division of labor, he ultimately critiques this form of economic arrangement insofar as it hinders the individual from ordering his own soul by cultivating acquisitive motives over prudence and reason.

Historians differ in their assessments as to who was the principal player in the purchase ; the Jefferson biographer Peterson notes a range of opinion among those who credit Napoleon, or others who credit Jefferson, his secretary of state James Madison, and his negotiator James Monroe.

Historians also credit the Mongol regime with an important role in the development of Muscovy as a state.

Historians credit Welles with the design of the United Nations.

Historians of the College credit Thomas W. Haught, an 1894 graduate of the Seminary, 20 year academic dean ( 1909 – 1929 ), long-time faculty member, and three-time acting president, as one of Wesleyan's most influential champions of academic excellence.

Historians such as Georges Blond, Basil Liddell Hart, and Henri Isselin credit Gallieni with being the guiding intelligence behind the French victory in the First Battle of the Marne in 1914.

Historians credit him with creating and financing a modernized Canadian army with a staff and medical, transport, and signals that proved as vital in war as the infantry, cavalry, and artillery they served.

Historians credit them with a major role in the development of Greek mathematics ( particularly number theory and geometry ) into a coherent logical system based on clear definitions and proven theorems that was considered to be a subject worthy of study in its own right, without regard to the practical applications that had been the primary concern of the Egyptians and Babylonians.

Historians credit these soldiers with helping bring World War I to a faster conclusion.

Historians credit Thurston with establishing the first US mechanical engineering laboratory for conducting funded research at an academic institution for higher learning.

Historians credit him with among other behind-the-scenes labors, leading a compromise at the 1944 National Democratic Convention that eventually made Harry Truman president.

" Historians typically rank Roosevelt among the top five presidents.

His 1989 biography of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, A First-class Temperament: the Emergence of Franklin Roosevelt, won the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Francis Parkman Prize of the Society of American Historians and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize.

Historians have had two reasons for persisting so long in their investigations.

Historians have therefore turned to public records for what details we know.

Historians consider this the decisive factor in convincing Alboin to undertake a migration, even though there are indications that before the war with the Gepids a decision was maturing to leave for Italy, a country thousands of Lombards had seen in the 550s when hired by the Byzantines to fight in the Gothic War.

Historians acknowledge his protection of popular democracy and individual liberty for United States citizens, and criticize him for his support for slavery and for his role in Indian removal.

Historians differ on which of them was responsible for which institution, and which of them most represented a truly democratic movement.

Historians including Donald Grinde, Bruce Johansen and others believe that the Iroquois constitution provided inspiration for the United States Constitution and in 1988 was recognised by a resolution in Congress.

Historians have proposed several names for the Age before Superman, most commonly dubbing it the Platinum Age.

Historians disagree over the extent of his responsibility for these events.

Historians have debated whether Hume posited a universal unchanging human nature, or allowed for evolution and development.

Historians have concluded that this assignment provided valuable preparation for handling the challenging personalities of Winston Churchill, George S. Patton, George Marshall and General Montgomery during World War II.

Subtitled From Romantic to Revolutionary, it was part of an effort by the Communist Party Historians ' Group, inspired by Torr, to emphasise the domestic roots of Marxism in Britain at a time when the Communist Party was under attack for always following the Moscow line.

Historians laud Washington for his selection and supervision of his generals, encouragement of morale and ability to hold together the army, coordination with the state governors and state militia units, relations with Congress and attention to supplies, logistics, and training.

Historians committed to a social science approach, however, have criticized the narrowness of narrative and its preference for anecdote over analysis, and its use of clever examples rather than statistically verified empirical regularities.

Historians agree that Hippocrates was born around the year 460 BC on the Greek island of Kos ( Cos ), and became a famous ambassador for medicine against the strong opposing infrastructure of Greece.

The Education of Historians for Twenty-first Century ( 2003 ) report by the Committee on Graduate Education of the American Historical Association

Historians like Serge Lancell have questioned the reliability of the figures for the number of troops he had when he left Hispania.

Historians like Donald Morris hold that his political genius laid the basis for a relatively light hegemony.

Historians have criticized Davis for being a much less effective war leader than his Union counterpart Abraham Lincoln, which they attribute to Davis being overbearing, controlling, and overly meddlesome, as well as being out of touch with public opinion, and lacking support from a political party ( since the Confederacy had no political parties ).

Historians have also examined his changing ideas on the proper role for black Africans.

Historians, and writers in different disciplines, have suggested various dates as starting points for modernism.

Historians estimate that the reason for the rapid capitulation of Mieszko II was the bad internal situation in the country.

Historians praised him as a statesman of moderation and balance who kept the peace in Europe and was primarily responsible for the unification of modern Germany.

Historians debate whether the dramatic changes merely reflect long-term trends that were more-or-less inevitable, or whether government intervention played the decisive role in changing the goals and roles of the chiefs.

Historians and theologians regularly review the changing relationship between some Christian groups and the Jewish people ; the article on Christian-Jewish reconciliation studies one recent issue.

Historians debate whether the dramatic changes merely reflect long-term trends that were more-or-less inevitable, or whether government intervention played the decisive role in changing the goals and roles of the chiefs.

Historians, political scientists and other scholars have long debated the exact nature of fascism.

Historians in the " Whiggish " tradition, focusing on documents such as the Domesday Book and Magna Carta, trace a progressive and universalist course of political and economic development in England over the medieval period.

Historians have reached a broad consensus on the content, function and importance of the image of Bismarck within Germany's political culture over the past 125 years.

Historians have traditionally blamed Rudolf's preoccupation with the arts, occult sciences, and other personal interests as the reason for the political disasters of his reign.

Historians in the " Whiggish " tradition that emerged during the Victorian period traced a progressive and universalist course of political and economic development in England over the medieval period.

Historians write that most such political and economic commentators had only a superficial understanding of Darwin's scientific theory, and were as strongly influenced by other concepts about social progress and evolution, such as the Lamarckian ideas of Spencer and Haeckel, as they were by Darwin's work.

Historians have seen in his occult activities a penchant for forging unities from antitheses, thus having latent political import.

* Historians have employed political economy to explore the ways in the past that persons and groups with common economic interests have used politics to effect changes beneficial to their interests.

Historians and economists consider the GI Bill a major political success — especially in contrast to the treatments of World War I veterans — and a major contribution to America's stock of human capital that sped long-term economic growth.

Historians were critical of the Bastille in the early 19th century, but now believe the fortress to have been a relatively well-administered institution, albeit deeply implicated in the system of French policing and political control during the 18th century.

The New Historians, in works like the essays of Bevington and Holbrook's The Politics of the Stuart Court Masque ( 1998 ), have pointed out the political subtext of masques.

Historians until recently agreed that before 3000 BC the political life of the city was headed by a priest-king ( ensi ) assisted by a council of elders and based on these temples, but some more recent authors have asserted that the cities had secular rulers from the earliest times.

" Historians believe that Porter pardoned the rioters under political pressure that was rampant, in the years prior to the Civil War, regarding the issue of slavery.

Historians of both schools focused on the purge of political, intellectual, economic or military elites, and the struggle between the center and regional party cliques.

Historians have seen three Prussian goals: as a political tool to eliminate Austrian influence in Germany ; as a way to improve the economies ; and to strengthen Germany against potential French aggression while reducing the economic independence of smaller states.

Historians are still skeptical as to whether Ryti's Freemasonry influenced his political actions.

Historians have debated Riel's motivations for allowing the execution, as they consider it his one great political blunder.

When H. A. L. Fisher in 1928 gave the Raleigh Lecture on The Whig Historians, from Sir James Mackintosh to Sir George Trevelyan he implied that " Whig historian " was adequately taken as a political rather than a progressive or teleological label ; this put the concept into play.

Historians consider this arrangement the political masterstroke of the Hispanic Middle Ages.

Ian Lustick, professor of political science at the University of Pennsylvania, writes of Karsh's attacks on the New Historians that, " however likely readers are to be impressed by the intensity of Karsh's pristine faith in Zionism, they are sure to be stunned by the malevolence of his writing and confused by the erratic, sloppy nature of his analysis.