If an evacuated glass tube is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, the glass opposite of the negative electrode is observed to glow, due to electrons emitted from and travelling perpendicular to the cathode ( the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the voltage supply ).

If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction.

If no salt bridge were used, this charge difference would prevent further flow of electrons.

If one assumed that magnetopause was just a boundary between a magnetic field in a vacuum and a plasma with a weak magnetic field embedded in it, then the magnetopause would be defined by electrons and ions penetrating one gyroradius into the magnetic field domain.

If electrons ' move ' about the electron cloud in strict paths the same way planets orbit the sun, then electrons would be required to do so at speeds which far exceed the speed of light.

If a band of allowable energies is completely filled by electrons, it cannot carry any electrical current, because that would require the electron's energy to be increased.

If the beam enters the sample perpendicular to the surface, then the activated region is uniform about the axis of the beam and a certain number of electrons " escape " from within the sample.

If one now shines a very intense beam of low-frequency light upon the same metal, a whole slew of electrons are ejected ; however they possess the same low energy, there are merely more of them.

If the crystal were of any reasonable size, the number of electrons ( or holes ) required to be injected would have to be very large, making it less than useful as an amplifier because it would require a large injection current to start with.

If the applied electric field is sufficiently high, free electrons from background radiation may become accelerated to velocities that can liberate additional electrons during collisions with neutral atoms or molecules in a process called avalanche breakdown.

If there were no geomagnetic field and no additional atoms in the lower atmosphere for additional collisions, the electrons would continue to travel downward with an average current density in the stratosphere of about 48 amperes per square metre.

If an atom, ion, or molecule is at the lowest possible energy level, it and its electrons are said to be in the ground state.

If it is at a higher energy level, it is said to be excited, or any electrons that have higher energy than the ground state are excited.

If the voltage is large enough, essentially all electrons ( and any negative ions ) will be repelled.

If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band.

If a sample of silicon has some of its atoms replaced by phosphorus atoms ( impurities ), there will be extra electrons available for conduction.

If the bandgap is too high, most daylight photons cannot be absorbed ; if it is too low, then most photons have much more energy than necessary to excite electrons across the bandgap, and the rest is wasted.

If those people were negatively charged ( like electrons ), this movement would constitute conduction.

If the temperature stays constant at its new value, the pyroelectric voltage gradually disappears due to leakage current ( the leakage can be due to electrons moving through the crystal, ions moving through the air, current leaking through a voltmeter attached across the crystal, etc.

If used in a location with strong magnetic fields, which can curve electron paths, steer the electrons away from the dynodes and cause loss of gain, photomultipliers are usually shielded by a layer of mu-metal.

If conditions are right, reactions take place at the electrode surfaces which release electrons from the chloride and transfer electrons to the sodium.

If the temperature is extremely low, the behavior of the electrons comes close to the quantum mechanical model of a free electron gas.

If it were not for an old professor who made me read the classics I would have been stymied on what to do, and now I understand why they are classics ; ;

If I even hint at it do you think it will matter that you are his nephew -- and not even a blood nephew ''??

If the circumstances are faced frankly it is not reasonable to expect this to be true.

If his dancers are sometimes made to look as if they might be creatures from Mars, this is consistent with his intention of placing them in the orbit of another world, a world in which they are freed of their pedestrian identities.

If love reflects the nature of man, as Ortega Y Gasset believes, if the person in love betrays decisively what he is by his behavior in love, then the writers of the beat generation are creating a new literary genre.

If to be innocent is to be helpless, then I had been -- as are we all -- helpless at the start.

Defoe then commented, `` If they Could Draw that young Gentleman into Their Measures They would show themselves quickly, for they are not asham'd to Say They want only a head to Make a beginning ''.

If Jews are identified as a religious body in a controversy that comes before a national or international tribunal, it is obviously compatible with the goal of human dignity to protect freedom of worship.

If they are right, they will prevail of and by themselves.

Without preliminaries, Esther asked him, `` If you are a world citizen, will you take Garry Davis' place in his tent while he goes to the hospital ''??

If we are to believe the list of titles printed in Malraux's latest book, La Metamorphose Des Dieux, Vol. 1 ( ( 1957 ), he is still engaged in writing a large novel under his original title.

If the would-be joiner asks these questions he is not likely to be duped by extremists who are seeking to capitalize on the confusions and the patriotic apprehensions of Americans in a troubled time.

If we break the minister to our bit, we are buying back our own sins.

If the record buyer's tastes are somewhat eclectic or even the slightest bit esoteric, he will find them satisfied on educational records.

If Daddy's books are out of bounds his own picture books are not.

If it will simply delay the debates until the qualifications are closed next spring, and then carry all the candidates on a tour of debates, it can provide a service to the state.

If they are to be commended for foresight in their planning, what then is the judgment of a town council that compounds this problem during the planning stage??

If the Communists are sincere in wanting a united, neutral and disarmed Germany, it might well be advantageous for the German people in this nuclear age.

If only this could be done more often -- with such heartening results -- many of the earth's `` big problems '' would shrink to the insignificances they really are.

If any are left, presently, we may expect to see signs specifically prohibiting the feeding of them too.

If the raw population figures are crucially relevant, then it is idle to think of liberation, as idle as to suppose that Poland might liberate Russia.

If it is not enough that all of our internationalist One Worlders are advocating that we join this market, I refer you to an article in the New York Times' magazine section ( Nov. 12, 1961 ), by Mr. Eric Johnston, entitled `` We Must Join The Common Market ''.

If the UN troops are not mercenaries then the Hessians were not mercenaries either.