If overall limits on greenhouse gas emission are put into place, cap and trade market mechanisms are purported to find cost-effective ways to reduce emissions.

If the rate of spontaneous emission, or any of the other rates are fast, the lifetime is short.

If the higher energy state has a greater population than the lower energy state ( N < sub > 1 </ sub > < N < sub > 2 </ sub >), then the emission process dominates, and light in the system undergoes a net increase in intensity.

If the atom is in the excited state, it may decay into the lower state by the process of spontaneous emission, releasing the difference in energies between the two states as a photon.

If the photon's energy is greater than the substance's work function, photoelectric emission occurs and the electron is liberated from the surface.

If the energy difference between the parent atom and the daughter atom is less than 1. 022 MeV, positron emission is forbidden because not enough decay energy is available to allow it, and thus electron capture is the sole decay mode.

If the absorption and emission are repeated many times, the mean velocity, and therefore the kinetic energy of the atom will be reduced.

" If the matter can be forced out of thermal equilibrium to a sufficient degree, so that the upper state has a higher population than the lower state ( population inversion ), then more stimulated emission than absorption occurs, leading to coherent growth ( amplification or gain ) of the electromagnetic wave at the transition frequency.

If the plasma ( or one ionic component of the plasma ) is flowing in the direction of the line of sight to the observer, emission lines will be seen at a different frequency due to the Doppler effect.

If the voltage drop between the cathode and the anode is lower than the capacitor voltage, when the internal spark streamers bridge the electrodes the capacitor will discharge through the ionized gas, heating the xenon to a high enough temperature for the emission light.

If the secondary particles are electrons, the effect is termed secondary electron emission.

If the secondary particles are ions, the effect is termed secondary ion emission.

If the emitted light is of a specific visible wavelength it may be called colorimetry, or it may involve specific wavelength of light e. g. by use of laser and emission of fluorescent signals of another specific wavelength which is detected via very specific wavelength optical filters.

If the centre with the hole is a luminescence centre ( radiative recombination centre ) emission of light will occur.

If an electric potential is applied between this metal plate and yet another, the emitted electrons will accelerate to the next metal plate and induce secondary emission of still more electrons.

If the mass difference between the parent and daughter atoms is more than 1. 022 MeV / c < sup > 2 </ sup > ( two electron masses ), another decay branch is accessible, with capture of one orbital electron and emission of one positron.

If is the number density of atoms in state i then the change in the number density of atoms in state 2 per unit time due to spontaneous emission will be:

If this model is correct and magneto-hydrodynamics ( MHD ) do determine the energetics and collimation of PPN outflows, then they will also determine physics of the shocks in these flows, and this can be confirmed with high-resolution pictures of the emission regions that go with the shocks.

If the light source loses mass during the emission by, the contradiction in the momentum law vanishes without the need of any compensating effect in the ether.

If a frequency-selective element is included in the external cavity, it is possible to reduce the laser emission to a single wavelength, and even tune the radiation.

If he had been `` liquidated '' in some way, he would have become a martyr, a rallying point for people who shared his ideas.

If I now risk some comparisons with Sons And Lovers let it be clear that I am not comparing the two works or judging their merits ; ;

If, as Reid says, `` nearly all his poetry was produced when he was not taking opium '', there may be some reason to doubt that he was under its influence in the period from 1896 to 1900 when he was writing the poems to Katie King and making plans for another book of verse.

If he can't play with Mommy's magazines, he should have some old numbers of his own.

If some future Khrushchev decided to rake up the misdeeds of his revered predecessor, would not the factory workers pass the same resolutions applauding his dispossession??

If Nikita buys a small plot in some modest rural cemetery, everyone will understand.

If he were to go with White, he would be out there two days, not just listening in the dark at some point between here and Papa-san, but moving ever deeper into enemy land -- behind Papa-san -- itself.

If I don't get some whisky down him he might die.

If those aren't enough for you, why not grow some just for winter blooming??

If, for some reason such as economy, we are not going to develop aircraft nuclear propulsion with a sense of national urgency, then we should turn our effort to developing jet engines with a thrust-to-weight ratio of 12 or 15 to one.

If the dance teachers of America make it their business to prepare their young charges for the gymnastics that must come some day if our schools are really responsible, we will be that much ahead.

If this happens, there may be some class conflict in the South, with school boards and school teachers taking the middle-class position.

If this threefold division of costs were to have its counterpart in the actual rates of charge for service, as it actually does have in some rates, there would result a three-part rate for any one class of service.

If the photographically realistic continuity of dreams, however bizarre their combinations, denies that it is purely a composition of the brain, it must be compounded from views of diverse realities, although some of them may never be encountered in what we are pleased to call the real life.

If Depew had told any academic psychologist that he had a weird feeling of having lived through that identical convention session at some time in the past, he would have been informed that he was a victim of deja vue.

If asked how she gets her impressions, she probably can only say that she `` just gets them '' -- some more vividly than others.

If you want to raise feed or carry out some enterprise on a larger scale, you'll need more land.

If you draw the short straw I'll lend you some bread, like fifty bucks, before I take off to visit my sister in Frisco.

If a substitute mechanism is needed for the control of a fictitious impersonal market, quite obviously some method must be devised for representing the public interest.

There are some passages in the writings of Irenaeus where the image of God and the similitude are sharply distinguished, so most notably in the statement: `` If the ( Holy ) Spirit is absent from the soul, such a man is indeed of an animal nature ; ;

I kept saying, `` If I could just build up a reputation for myself, make some real money, get to be well known as an illustrator -- like Peter Askington, for instance -- then I could take some time off and paint ''.

If she and Pete were really getting serious, I'd have to do some hard thinking.

If elements in the sample space increase arithmetically, when placed in some order, then the median and arithmetic average are equal.

If F is algebraically closed and p ( x ) is an irreducible polynomial of F, then it has some root a and therefore p ( x ) is a multiple of x − a.