If one assumes that the average flux did not change between measurements, a mass-distribution curve is obtained which relates the flux of particles larger than a given radius to the inverse 7/2 power of the radius.

If elements in the sample space increase arithmetically, when placed in some order, then the median and arithmetic average are equal.

If one of the intervening states was a superpower, a civil war is extended a further 72 %; a conflict such as the Angolan Civil War, in which there is two-sided foreign intervention, including by a superpower ( actually, two superpowers in the case of Angola ), would be 538 % longer on average than a civil war without any international intervention.

If the average density ( including any air below the waterline ) of an object is less than water it will float in water and if it is more than water's it will sink in water.

If we insert vertices in random order, it turns out ( by a somewhat intricate proof ) that each insertion will flip, on average, only O ( 1 ) triangles – although sometimes it will flip many more.

If the outcomes x < sub > i </ sub > are not equiprobable, then the simple average ought to be replaced with the weighted average, which takes into account the fact that some outcomes are more likely than the others.

If called upon, the neighbouring amoeba midwife travels up to 200 μm towards the dividing amoeba, usually advancing in a straight trajectory with an average velocity of about 0. 5 μm / s.

If the parameter is the bull's-eye of a target, and the arrows are estimates, then a relatively high absolute value for the bias means the average position of the arrows is off-target, and a relatively low absolute bias means the average position of the arrows is on target.

If property really does double every seven years then, in 2009, the average Sydney home would have been worth $ 189, 530, 112. 00.

If the Flynn effect has ended in developed nations, then this may possibly allow national differences in IQ scores to diminish if the Flynn effect continues in nations with lower average national IQs.

If we compress data in a manner that assumes q ( X ) is the distribution underlying some data, when, in reality, p ( X ) is the correct distribution, the Kullback – Leibler divergence is the number of average additional bits per datum necessary for compression.

If Alice knows the true distribution p ( x ), while Bob believes ( has a prior ) that the distribution is q ( x ), then Bob will be more surprised than Alice, on average, upon seeing the value of X.

If a claims adjuster suspects under-insurance, the condition of average may come into play to limit the insurance company's exposure.

* If the price is between average total cost and average variable cost at the profit-maximizing output, then the firm is said to be in a loss-minimizing condition.

* If the price is below average variable cost at the profit-maximizing output, the firm should go into shutdown.

If for example the industry is large enough to support one company of minimum efficient scale then other companies entering the industry will operate at a size that is less than MES, meaning that these companies cannot produce at an average cost that is competitive with the dominant company.

If using efficient sorting such as mergesort or heapsort this is an O ( n log n ) average and worst-case algorithm.

If ΔW is the amount of work performed during a period of time of duration Δt, the average power P < sub > avg </ sub > over that period is given by the formula

If the length of the line is bounded, customers are being " processed " and output as rapidly, on average, as they are being inputted and that process is real-time.

If voters are explicitly allowed to abstain from rating certain candidates, as opposed to implicitly giving the lowest number of points to unrated candidates, then a candidate's score would be the average rating from voters who did rate this candidate.

If, the nanoparticle magnetization will flip several times during the measurement, then the measured magnetization will average to zero.

If the average speed and time of travel is known, distance traveled can be found by a rearrangement of the definition, leaving us with:

If denotes the quantum state of a particle ( n ) with momentum p, spin J whose component in the z-direction is σ, then one has

If the path of the particle or centre of mass of the rigid body passes through the given origin, its angular momentum is zero.

If a system consists of several particles, the total angular momentum about a point can be obtained by adding ( or integrating ) all the angular momenta of the constituent particles.

If a planet is found to rotate slower than expected, then astronomers suspect that the planet is accompanied by a satellite, because the total angular momentum is shared between the planet and its satellite in order to be conserved.

If the net force on some body is directed always toward some fixed point, the center, then there is no torque on the body with respect to the center, and so the angular momentum of the body about the center is constant.

If an opponent tries to anticipate the stroke, he may move in the wrong direction and may be unable to change his body momentum in time to reach the shuttlecock.

If the truck were lighter, or moving slower, then it would have less momentum.

If two particles have masses and, and velocities and, the total momentum is

If the center of mass is moving at velocity, the momentum is:

If a force is applied to a particle for a time interval, the momentum of the particle changes by an amount

If the force depends on time, the change in momentum ( or impulse ) between times and is

If the velocities are and before the collision and and after, the equations expressing conservation of momentum and kinetic energy are:

If one body is motionless to begin with, the equation for conservation of momentum is

If a coordinate is not a Cartesian coordinate, the associated generalized momentum component does not necessarily have the dimensions of linear momentum.

If momentum is to be conserved in a volume, changes in the momentum of matter through the Lorentz force must be balanced by changes in the momentum of the electromagnetic field and outflow of momentum.

If is the momentum of all the particles in a volume, and the particles are treated as a continuum, then Newton's second law gives

If a charged particle moves in an electromagnetic field, its kinematic momentum is not conserved.

If the particle is in an eigenstate of position, then its momentum is completely unknown.

If so many voters give their first preferences to the " weak " candidate that it ends up winning the first round, it is highly likely they will gain enough campaign momentum to have a strong chance of winning the runoff, too, and with it, the election.

If multiple torques are acting on the body, it is instead the net torque which determines the rate of change of the angular momentum:

If the position was found to be r < sub > 0 </ sub > then in an interpretation satisfying CFD, the statistical population describing position and momentum would contain all pairs ( r < sub > 0 </ sub >, p ) for every possible momentum value p, whereas an interpretation that rejects counterfactual values completely would only have the pair ( r < sub > 0 </ sub >,⊥) where ⊥ denotes an undefined value.