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If the electron ( s ) from electrode A strike electrode B at this time and produce additional free electrons, these new free electrons will begin to accelerate toward electrode A.
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If and electron
If the carriers are holes, replace electron density by the negative of the hole density.
If the core becomes sufficiently dense, electron degeneracy pressure will play a significant part in stabilizing it against gravitational collapse.
If this binding energy is higher than the energy provided by kicks from oscillating atoms in the conductor ( which is true at low temperatures ), then the electron pair will stick together and resist all kicks, thus not experiencing resistance.
If electrons ' move ' about the electron cloud in strict paths the same way planets orbit the sun, then electrons would be required to do so at speeds which far exceed the speed of light.
Alice could send bits to Bob in the following way: If Alice wishes to transmit a " 0 ", she measures the spin of her electron in the z direction, collapsing Bob's state to either or.
If the photon energy is too low, the electron is unable to escape the material.
If the photon energy is absorbed, some of the energy liberates the electron from the atom, and the rest contributes to the electron's kinetic energy as a free particle.
If an electron of energy E is incident upon an energy barrier of height U ( z ), the electron wave function is a traveling wave solution,
If the bias is small, we can let U − E ≈ φM in the expression for κ, where φM, the work function, gives the minimum energy needed to bring an electron from an occupied level, the highest of which is at the Fermi level ( for metals at T = 0 kelvins ), to vacuum level.
If it does, it will develop into a red giant as described for mid-sized stars below, but never fuse helium as they do ; otherwise, it will simply contract until electron degeneracy pressure halts its collapse, becoming first a blue dwarf and then a white dwarf.
If the mass of the core exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit, electron degeneracy pressure will be unable to support its weight against the force of gravity, and the core will undergo sudden, catastrophic collapse to form a neutron star or ( in the case of cores that exceed the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit ), a black hole.
If the SEM is equipped with a cold stage for cryo-microscopy, cryofixation may be used and low-temperature scanning electron microscopy performed on the cryogenically fixed specimens.
:: If Alice wishes to transmit a ' 0 ', she measures the spin of her electron in the z direction, collapsing Bob's state to either | z +>< sub > B </ sub > or | z ->< sub > B </ sub >.
If Alice wishes to transmit a ' 1 ', she measures the spin of her electron in the x direction, collapsing Bob's state to either | x +>< sub > B </ sub > or | x ->< sub > B </ sub >.
If the material under investigation is only available in the form of nanocrystalline powders or suffers from poor crystallinity, the methods of electron crystallography can be applied for determining the atomic structure.
If an electron is forbidden from simultaneously occupying positive-energy and negative-energy eigenstates, the feature known as Zitterbewegung, which arises from the interference of positive-energy and negative-energy states, would have to be considered to be an unphysical prediction of time-dependent Dirac theory.
In that case, the penetration depth also varies exponentially with temperature T. If there are nodes in the energy gap as in the d symmetry HTS, electron pair can more easily be broken, the superfluid density should have a stronger temperature dependence, and the penetration depth is expected to increase as a power of T at low temperatures.
If the photon's energy is greater than the substance's work function, photoelectric emission occurs and the electron is liberated from the surface.
If the sedimentation rate is low ( about 1 cm / kyr ), the organic carbon content is low ( about 1 % ), and oxygen is abundant, aerobic bacteria can use up all the organic matter in the sediments faster than oxygen is depleted, so lower-energy electron acceptors are not used.
If the photon is of lower energy, but still has sufficient energy ( in general a few eV to a few keV, corresponding to visible light through soft X-rays ), it can eject an electron from its host atom entirely ( a process known as the photoelectric effect ), instead of undergoing Compton scattering.
If the potential energy is set to zero at infinite distance from the atomic nucleus or molecule, the usual convention, then bound electron states have negative potential energy.
If there is more than one electron around the atom, electron-electron-interactions raise the energy level.
If the energy absorbed exceeds this potential, then the electron is emitted as a free electron.
If and s
If a description of s, d ( s ), is of minimal length ( i. e. it uses the fewest number of characters ), it is called a minimal description of s. Thus, the length of d ( s ) ( i. e. the number of characters in the description ) is the Kolmogorov complexity of s, written K ( s ).
If the F-plasmid that is transferred has previously been integrated into the donor ’ s genome some of the donor ’ s chromosomal DNA may also be transferred with the plasmid DNA.
If there were no such assignment ( s ), the answer would be NO.
If the relative priorities of these substituents need to be established, R takes priority over S. When this happens, the descriptor of the stereocenter is a lowercase letter ( r or s ) instead of the uppercase letter normally used.
If the hoop is the hoop in order for the striker ’ s ball, the striker earns a bonus stroke.
If we assume the controller C, the plant P, and the sensor F are linear and time-invariant ( i. e., elements of their transfer function C ( s ), P ( s ), and F ( s ) do not depend on time ), the systems above can be analysed using the Laplace transform on the variables.
If, i. e., it has a large norm with each value of s, and if, then Y ( s ) is approximately equal to R ( s ) and the output closely tracks the reference input.
:” If we observe the totality of Pissarro ’ s work, we find there, despite fluctuations, not only an extreme artistic will, never belied, but also an essentially intuitive, purebred art.
If the orientation of the tangent relative to some starting position is θ ( s ), then ρ ( s ) is defined by the derivative dθ / ds:
If the depletion layer is large enough to catch the whole shower or to stop a heavy particle, a fairly accurate measurement of the particle ’ s energy can be made, simply by measuring the charge conducted and without the complexity of a magnetic spectrometer, etc.
If not, the null hypothesis is supported ( or, more correctly, not rejected ), meaning no effect of the independent variable ( s ) was observed on the dependent variable ( s ).
If called upon, the neighbouring amoeba midwife travels up to 200 μm towards the dividing amoeba, usually advancing in a straight trajectory with an average velocity of about 0. 5 μm / s.
If this does not simply reflect Gregory ’ s ignorance of Kentish affairs, which seems unlikely given the close ties between Kent and the Franks, then some assert that Æthelberht ’ s reign cannot have begun before 589.
If and from
If, as she walked, her steps fumbled from time to time, she chose to ignore that omen.
If his dancers are sometimes made to look as if they might be creatures from Mars, this is consistent with his intention of placing them in the orbit of another world, a world in which they are freed of their pedestrian identities.
If we want respect from ourselves or others, we will have to earn it.
If we examine the three types of change from the point of view of their internal structure we find an additional profound difference between the third and the first two, one that accounts for the notable difference between the responses they evoke.
If we remove ourselves for a moment from our time and our infatuation with mental disease, isn't there something absurd about a hero in a novel who is defeated by his infantile neurosis??
If he sees the heroic in a Sartoris or a Sutpen, he sees also -- and he shows -- the blind and the mean, and he sees the Compson family disintegrating from within.
If art is to release us from these postulated things ( things we must think symbolically about ) and bring us back to the ineffable beauty and richness of the aesthetic component of reality in its immediacy, it must sever its connection with these common sense entities ''.
If, as Reid says, `` nearly all his poetry was produced when he was not taking opium '', there may be some reason to doubt that he was under its influence in the period from 1896 to 1900 when he was writing the poems to Katie King and making plans for another book of verse.
If he borrowed money from Shakespeare or with his help, he would now have been able to repay the loan.
If the indenture is accepted, the authority will proceed to validate a bond issue repayable from revenue.
`` If the day should ever come that foreign invaders swarm ashore along the Gulf Coast '', the account reads, `` they can count on heavy opposition from a group of commando-trained telephone employees -- all girls.
If it is decided to make a small shift which may be required from military aid or special assistance funds, in order to carry out the purposes of the Mutual Security Act through this new peaceful program, this will be a hopeful sign to the world.
If the superintendents do not receive more cooperation from Handlers, it has been suggested that licensed Judges also be qualified to judge this Class.
If your state has no provisions for the numbering of pleasure boats, you must apply for a number from the U.S. Coast Guard for any kind of boat with mechanical propulsion rated at more than 10 horsepower before it can be used on Federal waterways.
If you would feel happier with full collision insurance, there is a small additional charge, again varying from country to country and depending on the term of such insurance.
`` If we cannot tell evil, horror, and insanity from nonsense, what is the future of humor and comedy ''??
If it is assumed that the formula given by Lodge of cosec Af applies, the pressure difference along the major axes can be calculated from the angle of inclination of the major axis, and from this the interfacial tension can be calculated.
If we manage to keep track of a Bombus queen after she has left her feeding place, we may discover the snug little hideout which she has fixed up for herself when she woke up from her winter sleep.
If the vertex is at Af, and if the interior of C is on the left as one moves in the direction of increasing t, then every such corner can be found from the curve obtained by rotating C clockwise through 90-degrees about the vertex.
If modernization programs are imposed from above, without the understanding and cooperation of the people, they will encounter grave difficulties.
If Af leads to an address Af that is equal to the address computed from Af, even though Af does not match Af, the chain of information cells is extended from Af by storing the address of the next available cell in the Y-region, Af, in Af.
If Congress wants to displace the states from areas which they have customarily occupied, let it do so knowingly and explicitly.
If it could be shown that judgments of good and bad were not judgments at all, that they asserted nothing true or false, but merely expressed emotions like `` Hurrah '' or `` Fiddlesticks '', then these wayward judgments would cease from troubling and weary heads could be at rest.
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