The new Act of Supremacy became law on 8 May 1559.

In the spring of 1559 it became evident that Elizabeth was in love with her childhood friend Robert Dudley.

Under Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 65 ) he became bishop of Mondovi in Piedmont, but his opposition to that pontiff procured his dismissal from the palace and the abridgment of his authority as inquisitor.

At her coronation in January 1559, many of the bishops – Catholic, appointed by Mary, who had expelled many of the Protestant clergymen when she became queen in 1553 – refused to perform the service in English.

When the senior branch of the family died out in 1559, the Electorate passed to Frederick III of Simmern, a staunch Calvinist, and the Palatinate became one of the major centers of Calvinism in Europe, supporting Calvinist rebellions in both the Netherlands and France.

On St. Peter's Day in 1559, Teresa became firmly convinced that Jesus Christ presented himself to her in bodily form, though invisible.

The Medici produced four Popes of the Catholic Church — Pope Leo X ( 1513 – 1521 ), Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 1534 ), Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 1565 ), and Pope Leo XI ( 1605 ); two regent queens of France — Catherine de ' Medici ( 1547 – 1559 ) and Marie de ' Medici ( 1600 – 1610 ); and, in 1531, the family became hereditary Dukes of Florence.

The Roman Catholic parish of Haarlem became a Diocese in 1559 ( Dioecesis Harlemensis ) and the first bishop of Haarlem was Nicolaas van Nieuwland ( born in 1510 ).

In 1559, Bess married a third time, to Sir William St. Loe ( St Lowe, Saintlowe, or Sentloe ), and became Lady St Loe.

On July 10, 1559, Francis became king of France, succeeding his father, Henry II, King of France, who died accidentally.

As the Scottish Reformation crisis was developing, Henry II died on 10 July 1559, and Mary Stuart became Queen Consort of France.

When the sickly young man became king after his father's death in 1559, the queen's uncles, the Duke of Guise and his brother the Cardinal of Lorraine, controlled French politics during his short reign.

Rivalry and dissension, which lasted till the French Revolution, soon sprang up between the two monasteries, becoming especially virulent when in 1559 St Omer became a bishopric and Notre-Dame was raised to the rank of cathedral.

Madurai became independent from Vijayanagar in 1559 CE under the Nayaks.

His father, a counsellor of the parlement of Dijon, sent him, at the age of sixteen, to Paris, where he became intimate with Isaac Casaubon ( 1559 – 1614 ).

Her opposition to him personally became an obstacle to Knox's direct involvement with the Protestant cause in England after 1559.

Starting with Mircea the Shepherd ( 1545 – 1559 ), the first prince placed on the throne by the sultan, the crown became negotiable, according to the largest tribute offered.

In 1559 John became an affeeror, an officer responsible for assessing fines for offenses carrying penalties not explicitly defined by existing statutes.

Lord Vaux of Harrowden took his seat in the House of Lords in 1962 and thereby became the first Benedictine monk to do so since 1559.

The church was rebuilt and promoted to chapter church in 1479 and only became a cathedral in 1559.

As his father, Juan Claros, had already died in 1556, Don Alonso became Duke, and master of one of the greatest fortunes in Europe, on the death of his grandfather in 1559, aged only around 9.

Designed by Pirro Ligorio in 1559, the tomb of Gian Pietro Carafa, who became Pope Paul IV in 1555, is also in the chapel.

When his father changed his allegiance from the Catholic to Protestant cause in June 1559, Arran was at his father's French estates in Châtellerault, perhaps at the Chateau de la Brelandiere, and became a fugitive from Henry II of France.

In April 1559 Dudley was elected a Knight of the Garter in the good company of England's only duke and an earl, causing great wonder.

From at least 1559 he had his own company of players, and in 1574 he obtained for them the first royal patent that was ever issued to actors so that they could tour the country unmolested by local authorities.

Cover page of the Šibenik copy of Marin Držić's Hekuba with the data on company of " Od Bidzara " and the date of performance ( 29th January 1559 ).

In 1559, for example, Francis II reduced the number of of lances in each company by 20.

* 1559 – Bartolomé Carranza, Spanish archbishop, is arrested for heresy.

* 1503 – Christian III of Denmark ( d. 1559 )

* Alfonso II d ' Este, Duke of Ferrara from 1559 to 1597.

This violin, now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, may have been part of a set made for the marriage of Philip II of Spain to Elisabeth of Valois in 1559, which would make it one of the earliest known violins in existence.

* 1559 – The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis treaty is signed, ending the Italian Wars.

The city was conquered by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1559.

The King Bayinnaung of Burma, after conquering the Bago in 1559, the Buddhist King prohibited the practice of halal, specifically, killing food animals in the name of God.

By 1559 the Germany city of Aachen alone was capable of producing 300, 000 cwt of brass per year.

Barcelonnette and the Ubaye Valley remained under French sovereignty until the second Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis on 3 April 1559.

His body was exhumed and burnt at the stake in 1559 after it was discovered that he was the Anabaptist David Joris.

She herself died in 1558, and in 1559 Elizabeth I reintroduced the 1552 book with a few modifications to make it acceptable to more traditionally minded worshippers, notably the inclusion of the words of administration from the 1549 Communion Service alongside those of 1552.

The general pattern of Bible reading in 1549 was retained ( as it was in 1559 ) except that distinct Old and New Testament readings were now specified for Morning and Evening Prayer on certain feast days.

Prayer book of 1559.

Thus, under Elizabeth, a more permanent enforcement of the Reformed religion was undertaken, and the 1552 book was republished in 1559, scarcely altered.

The conservative nature of these changes underlines the fact that Protestantism was by no means universally popular – a fact that the queen herself recognized: her revived Act of Supremacy, giving her the ambiguous title of Supreme Governor passed without difficulty, but the Act of Uniformity 1559 giving statutory force to the Prayer Book, passed through the House of Lords by only three votes.

On Elizabeth's death in 1603, the 1559 book, substantially that of 1552 which had been regarded as offensive by the likes of Bishop Stephen Gardiner as being a break with the tradition of the Western church, had come to be regarded in some quarters as unduly Catholic.

The changes were put into effect by means of an explanation issued by James in the exercise of his prerrogative under the terms of the 1559 Act of Uniformity and Act of Supremacy.

However, when John Knox returned to Scotland in 1559, he continued to use the Form of Prayer he had created for the English exiles in Geneva, and in 1564, this supplanted the Book of Common Prayer under the title of the Book of Common Order.

The book concerned was not, however, the 1559 book but very much that of 1549, the first book of Edward VI.

Between then and 1764, when a more formal revised version was published, a number of things happened which were to separate the Scottish Episcopal liturgy more firmly from either the English books of 1549 or 1559.

One change made that constituted a concession to the Presbyterian Exceptions, was the updating and re-insertion of the so-called Black Rubric, which had been removed in 1559.

The Psalter, which had not been printed out in the 1549, 1552 or 1559 Books — was in 1662 provided in Miles Coverdale's translation from the Great Bible of 1538.

The council was reconvened by Pope Pius IV ( 1559 – 65 ) for the last time, meeting from 18 January 1562, and continued until its final adjournment on 4 December 1563.

During the protracted Ethiopian-Adal War ( 1529 – 1559 ), Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi defeated several Ethiopian Emperors and embarked on a conquest referred to as the Futuh Al-Habash (" Conquest of Abyssinia "), which brought three-quarters of Christian Abyssinia under the power of the Muslim Adal Sultanate.

In 1559, King Frederik II recaptured it during his own Dithmarschen campaign.