The current resistance to Russian rule has its roots in the late 18th century ( 1785 – 1791 ), a period when Russia expanded into territories formerly under the dominion of Turkey and Persia ( see also the Russo-Turkish Wars and Russo-Persian War ( 1804 – 1813 )), under Mansur Ushurma — a Chechen Naqshbandi ( Sufi ) Sheikh — with wavering support from other North Caucasian tribes.

The Chechens moved to retake the lowlands: in 1785, a holy war was declared on the Russians by Sheikh Mansur, who was captured in 1791 and died a few years later.

Despite flooding, the town remained in that location until the great flood of 1785 destroyed much property.

In France a sequence of extremes included a surplus harvest in 1785 that caused poverty for rural workers, accompanied by droughts and bad winters and summers, including a violent hailstorm in 1788 that destroyed crops.

It was published from 1785 annually by Justus Perthes Publishing House in Gotha, until 1944 when the Soviets destroyed the Almanach de Gotha's archives.

In 1785 it was destroyed by the troops of the Habsburg Empire.

In 1785 ' the great fire ' swept through the town of Biggleswade and destroyed many of its buildings.

An engraving of 1785 shows the remains of Beaumont Palace, the last of which were destroyed in the laying out of Beaumont Street in 1829.

* 1785 – Dorothea Lieven, Russian noblewoman ( d. 1857 )

In 1785, the Russian Academy of Sciences put a marble bust of Leonhard Euler on a pedestal next to the Director's seat and, in 1837, placed a headstone on Euler's grave.

In 1785, the Russian government of Catherine II commissioned a new expedition in search for the Northeast Passage, led by English officer Joseph Billings, who had previously sailed with Captain Cook, and the Russian officer Gavril Sarychev as his deputy.

He was ennobled in 1785 and became president of the Magistrat of the Governorate of Estonia, a province of the Russian Empire.

Count Hans Karl Friedrich Anton von Diebitsch und Narden or Graf Ivan Ivanovich Diebitsch-Zabalkansky () ( 13 May 1785, Groß Leipe near Obernigk, Lower Silesia – 10 June 1831, near Pułtusk ) was a German-born soldier serving as Russian Field Marshal.

Among his best-known portraits are Portrait of Alexandra Struyskaya ( 1772 ), sometimes called the Russian Mona Lisa and admittedly the most celebrated piece of the 18th-century Russian painting ; Portrait of Countess Elisabeth Santi ( 1785 ), and Lady in a Pink Dress ( 1770s, illustration, right ).

He resided in Britain for the last 47 years of his life, from 1785 until his death in 1832, during which time he was the Russian ambassador to the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1785 to 1800 and to the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1806.

In 1783, he was appointed Russian minister at Vienna, but in 1785 was transferred to London.

The Rossiads only rival for the title of the longest poem in the Russian language is Kheraskov's Vladimir Reborn ( 1785 ), concerned with the baptism of Kievan Rus.

* Alexei Velyaminov ( 1785 – 1838 ), Russian general and brother of Ivan Velyaminov

* 1785 – Invading Siamese forces attempt to exploit the political chaos in Vietnam, but are ambushed and annihilated at the Mekong River by the Tay Son in the Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút.

It is the first mineral to be named after someone, and was first described in 1789 for an occurrence in Haslach, Harzburg and Oberstein, Germany, and named for Colonel Hendrik Von Prehn ( 1733 – 1785 ), commander of the military forces of the Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope from 1768 to 1780.

In 1785, Kara Mahmud's forces attacked Montenegrin territory, and Austria offered to recognize him as the ruler of all Albania if he would ally himself with Vienna against the Sublime Porte.

During his trip to Russia ( 1785 ), Montenegro was attacked by Turkish forces.

Most of the forces were Daghestani and Chechen, numbering more than 12, 000 by December 1785.

It is named in honor of Oliver Hazard Perry ( 1785 – 1819 ), American War of 1812 naval officer who, after his flagship was severely damaged, continued the fight from another ship and forced the surrender of the British fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie.

With Sevier's victory at the Battle of Boyds Creek and the ensuing Treaty of Dumplin in 1785, Cherokee influence in the area began to wane.

After the Battle of Boyds Creek and several violent incidents between the Cherokee and the settlers to the west in what is now Cocke County, the Cherokee were induced to sign the Treaty of Dumplin in 1785, ceding what is now Sevier County to the American government.

General William Moultrie, victor at the Battle of Sullivan's Island in 1776 and governor from 1785 – 87 and 1792 – 94, was originally buried here but was exhumed and reburied at Fort Moultrie on Sullivan's Island in 1977.

It is generally thought that cricket was introduced to Canada by British soldiers after the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759, although the earliest confirmed reference to cricket is of matches played on Saint Helen's Island, Quebec in 1785 on what later became the site of Expo 67.

Lieutenant Colonel John Macdonell of Greenfield ( 19 April 1785 – 14 October 1812 ) was an aide-de-camp to British Major General Sir Isaac Brock during the War of 1812, dying in the Battle of Queenston Heights.

Factors were the threat of Indian attacks ( ended in 1794 by the Battle of Fallen Timbers ), a complicated dispute over land ownership between John Campbell and the town's trustees ( resolved in 1785 ), and Spanish policies restricting trade down the Mississippi to New Orleans.

Later, in 1785, Cartwright had his provisions brought from Battle Harbour to Slink Point aboard a shallop belonging to the firm of Noble and Pinsent whose firm is believed to have had extensive fishery operations on the Labrador coast with base of operations at Chateau.

This explained that the judge of probate of Essex County, 1785 or 1786, appointed three free-holders of Gloucester to divide and establish the Norberg estate.

Argon ( αργος, Greek meaning " inactive ", in reference to its chemical inactivity ) was suspected to be present in air by Henry Cavendish in 1785 but was not isolated until 1894 by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay in Scotland in an experiment in which they removed all of the oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen from a sample of clean air.

Thomas Jefferson had tried to bring a French mechanic ( almost certainly Blanc ) and his methods to America in 1785, but the project never went anywhere.

* 1867 – Philipp August Böckh, German scholar and antiquarian ( b. 1785 )

* 1785 – Thomas De Quincey, English author ( d. 1859 )

* 1785 – Oliver Hazard Perry, American naval officer ( d. 1819 )

* 1785 – William Whitehead, English writer ( b. 1715 )

Jean-Pierre Blanchard flew the first human-powered dirigible in 1784 and crossed the English Channel in one in 1785.

* 1785 – Alexandre Pierre François Boëly, French composer ( d. 1858 )

) Salieri soon produced one of his greatest works with the text by Casti La grotta di Trofonio ( The Cave of Trofonius ) in 1785, the first opera buffa published in full score by Artaria.

However, even with Mozart and Salieri being rivals for certain jobs, there is very little evidence that the relationship between the two composers was at all acrimonious beyond this, especially after 1785 or so when Mozart had become established in Vienna.

This work has been lost, although it had been printed by Artaria in 1785.

Mozart's Davide penitente ( 1785 ), his Piano Concerto in E flat major ( 1785 ), the Clarinet Quintet ( 1789 ) and the great Symphony in G minor ( 1788 ) had been premiered on the suggestion of Salieri, who supposedly conducted a performance of it in 1791.

They were taken from the " Ode to Joy ", a poem written by Friedrich Schiller in 1785 and revised in 1803, with additions made by the composer.

It was written in 1785 and first published the following year in the poet's own literary journal, Thalia.

From 1785 to 1788, he served as governor of Pennsylvania.

Jan Ingenhousz had described the irregular motion of coal dust particles on the surface of alcohol in 1785 — nevertheless the discovery is often credited to the botanist Robert Brown in 1827.

The first outside the English Midlands was established in Leeds in 1785.

Carlo-Maria ( Ajaccio 1746 – Montpellier 1785 ) married Maria Letizia Ramolino ( Ajaccio 1750 – Rome 1836 ) in 1764.

Alphonsus Maria de Liguori ( d. 1787 ), founder of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, then brought some attention back to casuistry by publishing again Hermann Busembaum's Medulla Theologiae Moralis ; the last edition published in 1785 and receiving the approbation of the Holy See in 1803.

In 1785, Russia and the eastern Georgian kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti ( which was devastated by Turkish and Persian invasions ) signed the Treaty of Georgievsk, according to which Kartl-Kakheti received protection from Russia.

This proved to be false in 1785 by Antoine Lavoisier who found the correct explanation of the combustion as reaction with oxygen from the air.