With the exception of proof coins issued in 1824, 1825, 1826, and 1831, the design of the reverse always featured the George and Dragon of Benedetto Pistrucci, with the year in the exergue under the design.

A school house was built around 1831, and was also used as the meeting hall for the Baptist denomination.

Richard Allen ( February 14, 1760 – March 26, 1831 ) was a minister, educator and writer, and the founder in 1816 of the African Methodist Episcopal Church ( AME ), the first independent black denomination in the United States.

The congregation has not been part of any other denomination or structure since its gathering in 1831.

It was there that their first child, a daughter they named Anna Bronson Alcott, was born on March 16, 1831, after 36 hours of labor.

The couple's only son was born on April 6, 1831, but lived only a few minutes.

Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, a state convention was called to pass a new constitution, including provisions to disfranchise free people of color.

The Sanskrit text was printed at Calcutta in 1831.

Around 1831, when Anne was eleven, she and Emily broke away from Charlotte and Branwell to create and develop their own fantasy world, Gondal.

Anne was particularly close to Emily especially after Charlotte's departure for Roe Head School, in January 1831.

* Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first leader of free modern Greece ( 1776 – 1831 ), had a large building erected ; intended as a barracks, it was subsequently used as a museum, a library and a school.

In 1831, the Navy Board was abolished as a separate entity and its duties and responsibilities were given over to the Admiralty.

As another consequence of the disturbances, a new constitution was accepted in 1831 which came into effect on 4 September of that year.

The phylum was originally called " Polyzoa ", but this term was superseded by " Bryozoa " in 1831.

The cell nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown in 1831.

From 1831 to 1841, Palestine was under the rule of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty of Egypt.

The extension, the East Wing, was completed by 1831.

Work was also progressing on the northern half of the West Wing ( The Egyptian Sculpture Gallery ) 1826 – 1831, with Montagu House demolished in 1842 to make room for the final part of the West Wing, completed in 1846, and the South Wing with its great colonnade, initiated in 1843 and completed in 1847, when the Front Hall and Great Staircase were opened to the public.

In 1831, a legislative assembly was established by local consent at a meeting of principal inhabitants held at Pedro St. James Castle on December 5 of that year.

From May 1827 to September 1831, with the exception of brief interventions by Freire, the presidency was occupied by Francisco Antonio Pinto, Freire's former vice president.

The first Portalian president was General Joaquín Prieto, who served two terms ( 1831 – 1836, 1836 – 1841 ).

Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz (; July 1, 1780 – November 16, 1831 ) was a Prussian soldier and military theorist who stressed the moral ( in modern terms, " psychological ") and political aspects of war.

The nucleus was also described by Franz Bauer in 1804 and in more detail in 1831 by Scottish botanist Robert Brown in a talk at the Linnean Society of London.

The Baptist chapel was built in 1831.

** Józef Chlopicki was styled Dictator from 5 December 1830-December 1830 and again in December 1830-25 January 1831

In 1831 he published a short popular account of the philosopher's life in Murray's Family Library ; but it was not until 1855 that he was able to issue the much fuller Memoirs of the Life, Writings and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton, a work which embodied the results of more than 20 years ' investigation of original manuscripts and other available sources.

Two events helped to increase whisky's popularity: first, a new production process was introduced in 1831 called Coffey or Patent Still ( see in section below ); the whisky produced with this process was less intense and smoother.

Whisky was historically produced in pot stills until the development of the continuous still around 1831.

In 1831, Berzelius reported the production of the metal, but Henry Enfield Roscoe showed that Berzelius had in fact produced the nitride, vanadium nitride ( VN ).

William Stewart Rose produced an eight volume translation beginning publication in 1823 and ending in 1831.

First produced at La Scala on December 26, 1831, it is generally regarded as an example of the supreme height of the bel canto tradition.

Robert le diable ( with libretto by Eugène Scribe and Casimir Delavigne ), produced in Paris in 1831, was one of the earliest grand operas.

In King William IV's reign ( 1830 – 1837 ), maundy coins were produced in 1831 – 37, and identical circulation coins were produced for the colonies, identifiable only through not having a prooflike surface.

Madame Vestris produced burlesques at the Olympic Theatre beginning in 1831 with Olympic Revels by J. R. Planché.

Of his other operas, Der Pole und sein Kind, produced shortly after the Polish insurrection of 1831, and Undine ( 1845 ) are notable.

In 1831, William Howitt produced a work resulting naturally from his habits of observation and his genuine love of nature.

He also reported on the diminution in density produced in garnet and vesuvianite by melting ( 1831 ).

During this time he also produced Manuel d ' Ornithologie ( 1828 ), Traité d ' Ornithologie ( 1831 ), Centurie Zoologique ( 1830 – 32 ) and Illustrations de Zoologie ( 1832 – 35 ).

He also translated the favourable French report on animal magnetism produced in 1831 by a Commission guided by Husson

The intimacy did not last long, but it produced Rose et Blanche ( 1831 ), a novel written together under the pseudonym J.

During this time he was also the driving force in the convention that produced the Delaware Constitution of 1831.

Established around 1800, the Glenmavis Distillery in Bathgate was purchased in 1831 by one John McNab, who produced the eponymous MacNab's Celebrated Glenmavis Dew from the site until the distillery's closure in 1910.

The 5th Duke of Buccleuch considered extensive rebuilding in 1831 and William Burn produced unexecuted designs in Jacobean style.

He also produced a number of memoirs of other physicians for the Royal College, and the first biography of Sir Humphry Davy ( 1831 ).

From March 1831 to April 1832 they produced a series of verse satires issued weekly, the Némésis, attacking the government and ministers of Louis Philippe.

According to a resolution of 1831, the copyright on topographic maps produced by the Generalkvartermesterstaben or the Generalstabens Topografiske Afdeling never expires.

With aristocratic colleagues he produced a surprisingly bold scheme of reform ; the second reading of the Reform Bill was carried by only one vote ( 302-301 ) on 22 March 1831.