They contend that the Boers of the South African Republic ( ZAR ) and Orange Free State republics were recognized as a separate people or cultural group under international law by the Sand River Convention ( which created the South African Republic in 1852 ), the Bloemfontein Convention ( which created the Orange Free State Republic in 1854 ), the Pretoria Convention ( which re-established the independence of the South African Republic 1881 ), the London Convention ( which granted the full independence to the South African Republic in 1884 ) and the Vereeniging Peace Treaty, which formally ended the Second Anglo-Boer War on 31 May 1902.

A Michigan Historical Marker at what is now the northwest corner of Second and Franklin streets in Jackson commemorates an anti-slavery convention of men on July 6, 1854.

Following the March 30, 1854 battle of Cieneguilla, Lieutenant Colonel Philip St. George Cooke of the Second Regiment of Dragoons organized an expedition to pursue the Jicarilla.

* Crimean war ( 1854 – 56 ) fought between Imperial Russia and an alliance consisting of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Second French Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Ottoman Empire.

The architect of the Second Bank of the United States was William Strickland ( 1788 – 1854 ), a former student of Benjamin Latrobe ( 1764 – 1820 ), the man who is often called the first professionally-trained American architect.

Eleven Victoria Crosses were awarded to the defenders of Rorke's Drift, seven of them to soldiers of the 2nd / 24th Foot – the most ever received in a single action by one regiment ( although not, as commonly thought, the most won in a single action or the most won in a day: 16 were won at the Battle of Inkerman, on 5 November 1854 ; 28 were won during the Second Relief of Lucknow, 14 – 22 November 1857 ).

He had been Engineer on the enlargement of the Erie canal from 1854 to 1858, Second Assistant Engineer on the New York canals from 1858 to 1862, and then Civil Engineer on the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad.

In 1854 a high grade select school was established in the basement of the Second Lutheran church at West Sand Lake ( now Averill Park ).

Victoria Day, 1854 ; crowds gather outside Government House ( Ontario )# Second Government House ( Elmsley House ) | Government House in Toronto, Upper Canada # Canada West | Canada West ( now Ontario )

* Chemical Amusement, a Series of Curious and Instructive Experiments in Chemistry Which Are Easily Performed and Unattended by Danger, London 1817, Second edition 1817, Third edition 1818, fourth reprint 1819 ; German Chemische Unterhaltungen: eine Sammlung merkwürdiger und lehrreicher Erzeugnisse der Erfahrungschemie, Kopenhagen 1819, entitled Chemische Belustigungen Nürnberg 1824 ; second American edition based on the third English edition with additions by Thomas Cooper, Philadelphia 1818 ; French translation by V. Riffault Manual de Chimie Amusante ; ou nouvelles recreations chimiques, contenant une suite d ’ experiences d ’ une execution facile et sans danger, ainsi qu ’ un grand nombre de faits curieux et instructifs, 1827, Second edition 1829 later reprinted by A. D. Vergnaud, final and sixth reprinting Paris 1854 ; two volume Italian translation Divertimento chimico contenente esperienze curiose, Milan 1820, second expanded edition by Pozzi La Chimica dilettevole o serie di sperienze curiose e instruttive di chimica chi si esequiscono con facilità e sicurezza, Milan 1854

More broadly, the term refers to the period of the Second Party System ( mid-1830s – 1854 ) when the democratic attitude was the spirit of that era.

File: Wooster Square Historic2. jpg | Second Nelson Hotchkiss House ( 1854 ), 607 Chapel St.

In his 1854 memoir " On a Modified Form of the Second Fundamental Theorem in the Mechanical Theory of Heat " Clausius states:

Frank was elected to the Athenaeum Club in February 1854, and later that year was gazetted as Assistant Surgeon to the Second Life Guards.

Willard Richards ( June 24, 1804 – March 11, 1854 ) was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and served as Second Counselor in the First Presidency to church president Brigham Young in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS Church ) from 1847 until his death.

During the Sakoku period ( 1641 – 1853 ), there were no relations between the two countries, but the treaty of 1854 saw the resumption of ties which, despite a hiatus during the Second World War, remain very strong up until the present day.

Charles Baudin ( 1792 in Sedan, France – June 7, 1854 at Ischia, Italy ), was a French admiral, whose naval service extended from the First Empire through the early days of the Second Empire.

In the fifty years after establishment the Dutch Reformed Church was prominent there and one of the dominees who served there was the famous Rev Andrew Murray. The famous Second Boer War General Christiaan de Wet was born on the nearby farm Leeukop in 1854.

His score of books, several of which were translated into French and published in Paris, include French Pictures in English Chalk ( 1876 – 1878 ); The Roning Englishman in Turkey ( 1854 ); Men of the Second Empire ( 1872 ); Young Brown ( 1874 ); Sidelights on English Society ( 1881 ); Under the Lens: Social Photographs ( 1885 ); and Imprisoned in a Spanish Convent: An English Girl's Experiences ( 1886 ).

He was appointed Third Naval Lord in January 1853 and Second Naval Lord in June 1854.

It was defeated in 1854 by Umar Tall, leader of Toucouleur Empire, before his war with Ségou.

The reign of Sultan Abdülmecid I | Abdülmecid was marked by the implementation of the Tanzimat reforms ; the Crimean War and Ottoman public debt | first foreign debt of the Ottoman Empire in 1854.

In 1854, fearing the results of an Ottoman defeat by Russia, Britain, France, the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire joined forces in the conflict known as the Crimean War to the Ottomans and Western Europeans, but known in Russia as the Eastern War, Russian: Восточная война, Vostochnaya Vojna ( March 1854 – February 1856 ).

Napoleon's challenge to Russia's efforts to influence in the Ottoman Empire led to France's successful participation in the Crimean War ( 1854 – 1856 ).

The Alhambra, a large theatre built in 1854, dominated the site, to be joined in 1884 by the Empire Theatre of Varieties.

On 21 October 1854, she and the staff of 38 women volunteer nurses that she trained, including her aunt Mai Smith, were sent ( under the authorisation of Sidney Herbert ) to the Ottoman Empire.

In 1854, the town of Empire City was founded on the south bank of the

The allied armies of Britain, France, Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire had landed in the Crimea on September 14, 1854, intending to capture the Russian naval base at Sevastopol.

1854 * American Leviathan: Empire, Nation and the Revolutionary Frontier.

Mihajlo Pupin was born on October 9 ( September 27, OS ) 1854. in village Idvor ( today municipality of Kovačica, Serbia ) in Banat, Austrian Empire.

Maharaja Dalip Singh, last Maharajah of the Sikh Empire, lived at Castle Menzies between 1855 and 1858, following his exile from the Punjab in 1854.

The sequel, The Chinese Empire ( 1854 ) is a more comprehensive compendium of the religion, laws, usages and institutions of China, followed by a multi-volume history of Christianity in China and Central Asia.

Napoleon III's challenge to Russia's claims to influence in the Ottoman Empire led to France's successful participation in the Crimean War ( March 1854 – March 1856 ).

Established in 1854 by the British Empire in India as a summer retreat for its troops and bureaucrats, the town was named after Lord Dalhousie who was Governor-General of India at that time.

The Scottish Soldier and Empire, 1854 – 1902, Edinburgh University Press, 2006.

During the Crimean War, in 1854, the Ottoman Empire, which borrowed from other nations for the first time in history, needed a state bank to assume an intermediary function in the repayment of external debts.

In 1854, the Crimean War began, which pitted the United Kingdom, France and the Ottoman Empire against the Russian Empire.

In 1854 Vickers ' sons Thomas ( a militia officer known familiarly as ' Colonel Tom ') and Albert joined the business and their considerable talents – Tom Vickers as a metallurgist and Albert as a team-builder and salesman – were key to its subsequent rapid development.

A Mr. Watson was the first white settler in the area in 1854, soon joined by Alexander McRae, whose wife taught at the first school.

In 1852, sixty-three-year-old Elijah Davidson and his family set out for Oregon Territory By 1854, more than a dozen Disciples families from Monmouth, many of them related to each other or to Davidson, had joined him.

Not long afterwards local Evangelical Lutheran and German Reformed congregations joined the Presbyterians in the erection of a church building, which the three congregations shared from 1829 until 1854.

Read joined the wardroom of the sloop-of-war in the fall of 1854, departed Norfolk, Virginia, in her on 16 December 1854, and cruised through the West Indies unsuccessfully seeking information concerning.

He was educated at the Imperial Austrian Academy of Engineers from 1849 to 1853 and joined the Imperial Austrian Army as a lieutenant in the 1st Lancers in 1854.

He joined the new battleship in 1854, including service in the Mediterranean during the Crimean War.

Staying in Rome from 1854 to 1861, he obtained a taste for movement and spontaneity, which he joined with the great principles of baroque art.

Baxter joined the Whig party and was elected to the Arkansas Senate in 1854.

It opened in 1854, running from Lockport to Tonawanda, where it joined the Buffalo and Niagara Falls Railroad, opened 1837, for the rest of the way to Buffalo.

James Hunt joined the ESL in 1854, and became a divisive figure because of his attacks on humanitarian attitudes of missionaries and abolitionists.

In 1854 the paper joined the newly formed Republican Party -- Greeley chose the party's name -- and emphasized opposition to slavery.

In 1854 she joined him in London, where he was minister to the Court of St. James's.

In 1852 he entered Pine Grove Academy, and in 1854 joined the junior class in Jefferson College.

In about 1854, he joined his father in Salem ( John Newcomb had moved earlier to the United States ), and the two journeyed together to Maryland.

There is no clear record of the date of his arrival in England, but it is known he attended the University of London, and in 1854 joined the China consular corps.

The Morgans traditionally had belonged to the Whigs, which dissolved in 1856 ; most Whigs joined the Republicans, created in 1854.

By the 1850s, the Reform Party had dissipated: moderate reformers had joined with Tories in 1854 to form a Liberal-Conservative coalition government under the leadership of John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier.

Newcastle joined the Peelite's in 1846 and held office in Lord Aberdeen's coalition government as Secretary of State for War and the Colonies between 1852 and 1852 and as Secretary of State for War and Secretary at War between 1854 and 1855, when he resigned over the Crimean War.