By the 1850s, slavery was still legal in the southern United States, but had been generally outlawed in the northern states, such as Illinois.

By the 1850s when they first came into sustained contact by outside groups, there were estimated 7, 000 Adamanese, divided into the following major groups:

By the 1850s, bunyip had also become a " synonym for imposter, pretender, humbug and the like " in the broader Australian community.

By the late 1850s, one of these mentions the term " French fried potatoes ".

By the 1850s, the East India Company controlled most of the Indian sub-continent, which included present-day Pakistan and Bangladesh.

By the 1850s, British and German missionaries and traders had penetrated present-day Namibia.

" By the 1850s, though, this meaning of ‘ broomstick ’ had fallen out of currency and references to ‘ broomstick marriages ’ began to be interpreted literally, as though they had involved a couple actually jumping over a stick.

By the 1850s, it was noticed that the numbers of birds seemed to be decreasing, but still the slaughter continued, accelerating to an even greater level as more railroads were developed after the American Civil War.

By the 1850s, Arapaho bands had coalesced into two tribes: the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho.

By the 1850s, when a major covered bridge was constructed at Philippi to service travellers on the Beverly-Fairmont Turnpike, the County's population was approaching 10, 000 people.

By the 1850s, over 50 vessels a year were being launched from 15 shipyards and Essex became recognized worldwide as North America ’ s center for fishing schooner construction.

By the time that Charles Dickens visited Epsom Downs to view the race in the 1850s, entertainers such as musicians, clowns and conjurers plied their trades and entertained the crowds while others provided other forms of entertainment such as coconut stalls.

By the 1850s, the two-coin form was being played on the goldfields of the eastern colonies and it was spread across the country following subsequent goldrushes.

By the 1850s the Press was using steam-powered machine presses, employing two to three hundred people, and occupying several buildings in the Silver Street and Mill Lane area, including the one that the Press still occupies, the Pitt Building ( 1833 ), which was built specifically for the Press and in honour of William Pitt the Younger.

By the late 1850s, however, gold mining was beginning to decline and population dwindled as well.

By the 1850s, John Jefferson in his 20s was proprietor of the American Hotel in Madison.

By the 1850s several palatial steamboats were visiting the town as a regular stop on the Mobile to Columbus, Mississippi route along the Tombigbee.

By the early 1850s, the Sharp family had moved into the area from Walhalla, South Carolina.

By the late 1850s, the city had a population of around 20, 000.

By the 1850s, the population mix had changed to 28 percent “ Yankee ” and 48 percent German.

By the 1850s the town had 14 single-saw mills, 3 gang-saw ( multiple-saw ) mills, 4 clapboard mills, 4 lath mills, and 3 shingle mills.

By the 1850s, Lowell had the largest industrial complex in the United States.

By the 1850s, the rapid growth of the metropolitan area meant it became too large to efficiently operate as a single post town.

By the 1850s, the city of Campbell had several saloons, a drug store, many physicians, two to three general stores, and a post office.

By the 1850s, one of his ferries ran by steam.

By 2006, such was the confusion from these multiple Acts, each amending the others ( and not all of which were ever actually commenced and thus were in the public record but not enforced as actual legislation ); and the amendments of Irish firearms legislation by other Acts ranging from the Wildlife Acts ( mostly relating to hunting law ) to the Road Traffic Acts ( relating to how and where firearms could be transported ) and others ; the large amount of secondary legislation ( Statutory Instruments, which set out regulations, the design of application forms for licences and so forth, as well as the details of when various parts of the Acts came into force ); as well as the introduction of EU firearms law into the canon of Irish legislation ; led the Irish Law Reform Commission to recommend that all the extant legislation be restated a legal process by which all the existing primary and secondary legislation would be read as one and a single document produced as the new Firearms Act ( and all prior Acts would be repealed ).

By this time the " New " Labour Party was seen as a reformed and fresh alternative under the leadership of Tony Blair, and after eighteen years in office the Conservatives lost the 1997 general election in one of the worst electoral defeats since the Great Reform Act of 1832.

By the late 17th century, the electorate of the three seats comprised the resident freemen of Monmouth, Newport and Usk, and after the Great Reform Act of 1832 the constituency was generally referred to as the Monmouth Boroughs.

By the turn of the century, organizations including the Reform Association and the Reform Club began to demand greater participation in the colony's affairs.

' By the end of 1904, the Tariff Reform League's numerous branches were challenging the Conservative National Union.

By the 18th century the fees charged to become a freeman, with voting rights, were exorbitant and the borough of Sudbury, along with 177 other English towns, was reformed by a Municipal Reform Act ( 1835 ).

By January 1, 2007 Pandrup municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen (" The Municipality Reform " of 2007 ).

By 1 January 2007, the old Esbjerg municipality was, as the result of Kommunalreformen (" The Municipal Reform " of 2007 ), merged with the former Bramming and Ribe municipalities to form the new Esbjerg municipality.

By January 1, 2007, Trehøje municipality ceased to exist, as the result of Kommunalreformen (" The Municipality Reform " of 2007 ).

By January 1, 2007 Ulfborg-Vemb municipality ceased to exist due to Kommunalreformen (" The Municipality Reform " of 2007 ).

By the early 1830s his paper had earned the nickname " The Thunderer ", with Robert Peel declaring it to be " a powerful advocate of Reform " and his colleague Lord Lyndhurst describing Barnes as " the most powerful man in the country.

By the 19th century, the settlement was officially uninhabited and yet still had formal parliamentary representation, making it the most notorious of the rotten boroughs that existed before the Reform Act 1832.

By 1997, the Reform Party attempted to shed the negative public outlook on the party's views on immigration and minority rights by selecting multiple ethnic minority candidates to run as Reform Party candidates in the 1997 federal election to demonstrate that the Reform Party's policies were not intended to be intolerant.

By the nineteenth century, the Great Reform Act of 1832 led to parliamentary dominance, with its choice invariably deciding who was prime minister and the complexion of the government.

By June 1875, there were two factions in the Jacobite Church ( Oriental Orthodox ): Patriarchal Party and Reform Party.

By the October 2003 National Convention, the Reform Party had only begun rebuilding, but several former state organizations had elected to rejoin now that the interference from the Freedom Parties was gone. They increased their ranks from 24 to 30 states, and managed to retrieve ballot access for seven of them.

By 1955, when the next Session of the Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement General Conference convened under the auspices the USA registered association, delegates present represented " 9000 members ( 1000 less than in 1951 )".

By this time the attitude of many in the country had ceased to be apathetic regarding Reform.

By the time the election was called, however, only the Family Coalition Party and a large majority of Reform BC segments had remained in the BC Unity coalition.

By enacting ( relating to limitations on deductions for passive activity losses and limitations on passive activity credits ) to remove many tax shelters, especially for real estate investments, the Tax Reform Act of 1986 significantly decreased the value of many such investments which had been held more for their tax-advantaged status than for their inherent profitability.

The " Stand By Your Ad " provision ( SBYA ) of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act ( BCRA, also known as " McCain-Feingold "), enacted in 2002, requires candidates in the United States for federal political office, as well as interest groups and political parties supporting or opposing a candidate, to include in political advertisements on television and radio " a statement by the candidate that identifies the candidate and states that the candidate has approved the communication.