In 1863, Gibbs received the first Ph. D. degree in engineering granted in the US, for a thesis entitled " On the Form of the Teeth of Wheels in Spur Gearing ," in which he used geometrical techniques to investigate the optimum design for gears.

* The Intelligent Whale, an experimental hand-cranked submarine based on an 1863 design, is on display at the National Guard Militia Museum of New Jersey.

Two months later, after lengthy deliberations and negotiations with the government over the costs of the memorial, Scott's design was formally approved in April 1863.

Changes to these regulations were made during 1863, when a new naval jack, battle ensign, and commissioning pennant design was introduced aboard all Confederate ships, echoing the Confederacys change of its national flag from the old Stars and Bars to the new Stainless Banner ( as pictured above right ).

Tokaido Meisho no Uchi, " Maisaka ", early Yoshitoshi seascape design from a collaborative series ( 1863 ).

The house was much altered and extended about 1840 and in 1863, an adjacent chapel ( which was never consecrated ) was erected to a design probably of architect George Gilbert Scott, a friend-but not a relation-of Sir Francis Scott.

The fourth and current church, designed in 1906, was built from 1911 to 1913 under a design by Ralph Adams Cram ( 1863 – 1942 ) and Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue ( 1869 – 1924 ) of the architectural firm of Cram, Goodhue and Ferguson, and featuring an elaborate reredos designed by Goodhue and sculptor Lee Lawrie ( 1877 – 1963 ).

A 5k stamp for local postage was introduced in 1863, and in the following year a new common design, with the arms in an oval, was introduced for 1k, 3k, and 5k values.

* The Temperate House, Kew Gardens, Surrey ( 1859 – 1863 ) the flanking wings part of Burton's design were only added in ( 1897 – 98 )

* 1864: Compound Interest Treasury Notes, with a face design similar to the 1863 Interest Bearing Note, were issued that grew in face value 6 % compounded semi-annually.

* In 1863, a new 2 ¢ Jackson design appeared, engraved in steel by Frederick Halpin and printed by Archer & Daly in pale red.

* A 20 ¢ stamp with George Washington also appeared in 1863, again employing a design engraved in steel by Halpin and printed by Archer & Daly.

Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux shape the city with their design for Central Park but social unrest still ran high for the working classes, coming to a climax with the draft riots of 1863.

Nevertheless, Olmsted, an advocate of " naturalistic " architecture and landscape design famously clashed with Hunt in 1863 over Hunt's proposal for " Scholar's Gate ", a formal entrance to Central Park at 60th Street and Fifth Avenue.

The design of this bridge is almost identical to that of another railway crossing of the Nepean River, the 1863 bridge at Menangle.

However, Grover's design found a sponsor and following an Act of Parliament in 1863 the Hemel Hempstead and London & North Western Railway Company was formed to construct and operate the line.

Construction began in April 1863, with Crownhill Fort being at the cutting edge of fortress design, although it does conform to the standard polygonal design of its contemporaries.

He is credited with the design of the Victoria Bridge at Upper Arley, Worcestershire, constructed between 1859 and 1861, and the near identical Albert Edward Bridge at Coalbrookdale, Shropshire built from 1863 to 1864.

The design of the seal was finalized on April 30, 1863, and a set of embossing dies ordered from the London engraver Joseph S. Wyon.

In 1863, architect Valentim José Correia is hired by the ombudsman of the Casa Pia ( Eugénio de Almeida ) to re-organize the second-storey of the old dormitory and design the windows ( 1863 – 1865 ).

The first postage stamp of the offices was a large square design issued in 1863 and valued at six kopecks.

Benjamin Hotchkiss was no longer alive at the time of the purchase, but the Odkolek design was further developed and greatly improved under the direction of American-born Laurence V. Benet ( 1863 – 1948 ) with the assistance of Henri Mercie.

Among the classes built under his superintendence were the very successful 2-2-2 " Bloomers ", developed from a Bury design, and the Wolverton Express Goods 0-6-0 class, built from 1854 to 1863.

In the spring of 1863, Lincoln was optimistic about upcoming campaigns to the point of thinking the end of the war could be near if a string of victories could be put together ; these plans included Hooker's attack on Lee north of Richmond, Rosecrans ' on Chattanooga, Grant's on Vicksburg, and a naval assault on Charleston.

Additionally Scott designed the Mason and Dixon monument in York Minster ( 1860 ), prepared plans for the restoration of Bristol Cathedral in 1859 and Norwich Cathedral in 1860 neither of which resulted in a commission, and designed a pulpit for Lincoln Cathedral in 1863.

He was captured near Minor Hill, Tennessee, on November 20, 1863, wearing a makeshift Confederate uniform and in possession of Union battle plans.

By 1863 the plans had been amended to run from a junction nearer Cholsey than Moulsford, and to run only as far as Watlington.

" The Watcom SQL database fits perfectly into our plans ," said Jim Braun, project manager at Kansas State University, main campus at Manhattan ; coeducational ; land-grant and state supported ; chartered and opened 1863.

During the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, Franklin was home in York, Pennsylvania, and assisted Maj. Granville Haller in developing plans for the defense of the region versus an expected enemy attack.

In the Knoxville Campaign later in 1863, Longstreet relieved McLaws for the failure of the attack on Fort Sanders, citing " a want of confidence in the efforts and plans which the Cmdg Genl has thought proper to adopt.

* 1863 – American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg – ships led by Union Admiral David Dixon Porter move through heavy Confederate artillery fire on approach to Vicksburg, Mississippi.

* 1863 – Lawrence, Kansas is destroyed by Confederate guerrillas Quantrill's Raiders in the Lawrence Massacre.

*" Oh My Darling, Clementine " ( 1884 ) is an American western folk ballad believed to have been based on another song called Down by the River Liv'd a Maiden ( 1863 ).

In 1863 in what became known as the Garden of Ridván Bahá ' u ' lláh announced to a few that he was the manifestation of God and He whom God shall make manifest whose coming had been foretold by the Báb.

First published as a pamphlet by the Gawler Humbug Society in 1863, the name was chosen because " the Bunyip is the true type of Australian Humbug!

Another, Livingstone's fruit bat, although plentiful when discovered by explorer David Livingstone in 1863, has been reduced to a population of about 120, entirely on Nzwani.

Bigger changes came to Cairo under Isma ' il Pasha ( r. 1863 – 1879 ), who continued the modernization processes started by his grandfather.

In 1863 almost all of the group ’ s paintings were rejected by the Salon, and French Emperor Napoleon III instead decided to place their paintings in a separate exhibit hall, the Salon des Refusés.

His non-alcoholic recipe was inspired by the Coca wine of pharmacist Angelo Mariani, created in 1863 ; it still contained cocaine.

An 1865 San Francisco Pacific Railroad Bond approved in 1863 but delayed for two years by the opposition of the San Francisco Board of SupervisorsAlthough the Pacific Railroad eventually benefited the Bay Area, the City and County of San Francisco obstructed financing it during the early years of 1863-1865.

When Stanford was Governor of California, the Legislature passed on April 22, 1863, " An Act to Authorize the Board of Supervisors of the City and County of San Francisco to take and subscribe One Million Dollars to the Capital Stock of the Western Pacific Rail Road Company and the Central Pacific Rail Road Company of California and to provide for the payment of the same and other matters relating thereto " ( which was later amended by Section Five of the " Compromise Act " of April 4, 1864 ).

On May 19, 1863, the electors of the City and County of San Francisco passed this bond by a vote of 6, 329 to 3, 116, in a highly controversial Special Election.

Drum carried by John Unger, Company B, 40th Regiment New York Veteran Volunteer Infantry Mozart Regiment, December 20, 1863

Don Quixote de la Mancha and Sancho Panza, 1863, by Gustave Doré

Remains of Palmerston Town Hall, destroyed by Cyclone TracyIn 1863, the Northern Territory was annexed from New South Wales by the young colony of South Australia.

In 1863, the college reopened for its third time and was reorganized by another legislative act, which also added the word university into the school's name, changed to " The Governors of Dalhousie College and University.

One of the most notable of these was Lizzie Doten, who in 1863 published Poems from the Inner Life, in which she claimed to have " received " new compositions by Poe's spirit.

Huxley argued for human evolution from apes by illustrating many of the similarities and differences between humans and apes, and did so particularly in his 1863 book Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature.

After receiving a substantial inheritance upon his father's death in 1863, Cantor shifted his studies to the University of Berlin, attending lectures by Leopold Kronecker, Karl Weierstrass and Ernst Kummer.

It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War, on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, at the dedication of the Soldiers ' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg.

Edward Everett At the Consecration of the National Cemetery At Gettysburg, 19th November 1863, with the Dedicatory Speech of President Lincoln, and the Other Exercises of the Occasion ; Accompanied by An Account of the Origin of the Undertaking and of the Arrangement of the Cemetery Grounds, and by a Map of the Battle-field and a Plan of the Cemetery ).

Joseph recognized by his brothers ( Léon Pierre Urbain Bourgeois, 1863 )

The warfare was limited to the Kingdom and lasted from January 1863 to the spring of 1864, when Romuald Traugutt, the dedicated last supreme commander of the insurgence, was captured by the tsarist police.