Self-organization as a word and concept was used by those associated with general systems theory in the 1960s, but did not become commonplace in the scientific literature until its adoption by physicists and researchers in the field of complex systems in the 1970s and 1980s .< ref > As an indication of the increasing importance of this concept, when queried with the keyword < tt > self-organ *</ tt >, Dissertation Abstracts finds nothing before 1954, and only four entries before 1970.

Upon the 1954 polio vaccine field trial, whose success Salk announced on the radio, Salk became a public hero eye but failed to credit the many other researchers that his effort rode upon, and was somewhat shunned by America's scientific establishment.

This approach to medical questions was fairly new: in the 1954 " Preliminary report ", the researchers felt it necessary to offer a definition of the prospective principle.

In 1954, Anatol Rapoport cofounded the Society for General Systems Research, along with the researchers Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Ralph Gerard, and Kenneth Boulding.

Since 1954 the Law Society of Upper Canada, a statutory, non-profit organization, offered request-based photocopying services to students, members, the judiciary, and authorized researchers at their Great Library at Osgoode Hall.

The present form ( with sulfuric acid electrolytes ) was patented by the University of New South Wales in Australia in 1986 An earlier German Patent on a titanium chloride flow battery was registered and granted in July 1954 to Dr. Walter Kangro, but most of the development of flow batteries was carried out by NASA researchers in the 1970s.

The Indochina struggle was a war to stay out of in 1954, when Gen. Ridgway estimated it would take a minimum of 10 to 15 divisions at the outset to win a war the French were losing.

The Act further provides for a `` floor '' or minimum allotment, set at the 1954 level, which is called the `` base '' allotment, and a `` ceiling '' or maximum allotment, for each State.

In 1954, Martin Davis programmed Presburger's algorithm for a JOHNNIAC vacuum tube computer at the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study.

Between 1952 and 1972, he hosted at least five television shows – three different talk shows called The Al Capp Show ( 1952 and 1968 ) and Al Capp ( 1971 –' 72 ), Al Capp's America ( a live " chalk talk ," with Capp providing a barbed commentary while sketching cartoons, 1954 ), and a CBS game show called Anyone Can Win ( 1953 ).

She played bit parts in three English-language films, the British comedy Doctor at Sea ( 1955 ) with Dirk Bogarde, Helen of Troy ( 1954 ), in which she was understudy for the title role but appears only as Helen's handmaid, and Act of Love ( 1954 ) with Kirk Douglas.

Initially, it was relatively unsuccessful, staying at the charts for only one week, but Haley soon scored a major worldwide hit with a cover version of Big Joe Turner's " Shake, Rattle and Roll ", which went on to sell a million copies and became the first ever rock ' n ' roll song to enter British singles charts in December 1954 and became a Gold Record.

)" Together they produced the films Apache ( 1954 ), Vera Cruz ( 1954 ), Marty ( 1955 ) ( which won both the Academy Award for Best Picture and the Palme d ' Or award at the Cannes Film Festival ), The Kentuckian ( 1955 ), Trapeze ( 1956 ), The Bachelor Party ( 1956 ), Sweet Smell of Success ( 1957 ), Run Silent, Run Deep ( 1958 ), Separate Tables ( 1958 ), ( 1959 ), Take a Giant Step ( 1959 ), Summer of the Seventeenth Doll ( 1960 ), and ( 1960 ).

The Blues remained in Corpus Christi until the winter of 1954, when they relocated to their present home at NAS Pensacola.

In August 1954, " Blues " leader LCDR Ray Hawkins became the first naval aviator to survive an ejection at supersonic speeds when his F9F-6 became uncontrollable on a cross-country flight.

Actual shooting began in October 1954 at the Ted Allan Studios, but further money problems quickly halted the production.

In 1954, Secretary of the Air Force Harold E. Talbott sought out DeMille for help in designing the cadet uniforms at the newly established United States Air Force Academy.

In 1954, an important concept was discovered: chordic production is easier to master when the production is done at the release of the keys instead of when they are pressed.

A further change was democratisation at the top of the party hierarchy, as Voroshilov noted at a Presidium meeting in 1954.

There was no GP at Zandvoort in 1954 ( a sportscar-event replaced it ), but 1955 saw the first proper Formula One race counting for the World Championship.

They took up a long residency at San Francisco's Black Hawk nightclub and gained great popularity touring college campuses, recording a series of albums with such titles as Jazz at Oberlin ( 1953 ), Jazz at the College of the Pacific ( 1953 ), and Brubeck's debut on Columbia Records, Jazz Goes to College ( 1954 ).

After filming Lucky Me with Phil Silvers and Young at Heart ( both 1954 ) with Frank Sinatra, Day chose not to renew her contract with Warner Brothers.

Following another playoff upset in 1953 at the hands of the Bruins, the Red Wings won back to back Stanley Cups in 1954 ( over Montreal, when Habs defenseman Doug Harvey redirected a Tony Leswick shot into his own net ) and 1955 ( also over Montreal in the full seven games ).

In the 1954 World Cup, two goals by Ivor Broadis saw him become the first England player to score two goals in a game at the World Cup finals.

In 1954, the 23 man crew of the Japanese fishing vessel Lucky Dragon was exposed to radioactive fallout from a hydrogen bomb test at Bikini Atoll, in 1969, an ecologically catastrophic oil spill from an offshore well in California's Santa Barbara Channel, Barry Commoner's protest against nuclear testing, Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring, Paul R. Ehrlich's The Population Bomb all added anxiety about the environment.

Fermi was among the scientists who testified on Oppenheimer's behalf at an AEC hearing in 1954.

* 1954 – Ann Bell, American Teacher, Entrepreneur and Children's Book Author

In 1954 Bell Telephone labs produced the first solar battery.

A 1954 patent application refers to " the Bell Telephone Gray code ".

The strip was created by Leo Baxendale under the title When the Bell Rings, and first appeared in The Beano in issue 604, dated 13 February 1954.

It was only after I'd created Little Plum ( April 1953 ) and Minnie the Minx ( September 1953 ) that the Beano editor George Moonie travelled to Preston on 20 October 1953 and asked me to go ahead with Bash Street ( he gave it the provisional title of ' When The Bell Goes '; when it appeared in The Beano in February 1954, it was titled ' When The Bell Rings ').

Notable Presidents of IEEE and its founding organizations include Elihu Thomson ( AIEE, 1889 – 1890 ), Alexander Graham Bell ( AIEE, 1891 – 1892 ), Charles Proteus Steinmetz ( AIEE, 1901 – 1902 ), Lee De Forest ( IRE, 1930 ), Frederick E. Terman ( IRE, 1941 ), William R. Hewlett ( IRE, 1954 ), Ernst Weber ( IRE, 1959 ; IEEE, 1963 ), and Ivan Getting ( IEEE, 1978 ).

* 1954 – Silicon solar cells with 6 % efficiency made at Bell Laboratories

On September 8, 1954, Bell started her swim across Lake Ontario from Queens Beach Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario to Toronto at virtually the same time as world famous United States long-distance swimmer, Florence Chadwick.

In 1954, Bell was named the Canadian Newsmaker of the Year by the Canadian Press, awarded the Lou Marsh Trophy as Canada's athlete of the year and awarded the Bobbie Rosenfeld Award as Canadian female athlete of the year.

In November, 1954, the Bell System Technical Journal published an article which described the process used for routing telephone calls over trunk lines with the then-current signaling system, R1.

In Bell Hoppy ( 1954 ), for example, in a twist on " belling the cat ", Sylvester must hang a bell around a mouse's neck in order to join the " Loyal Order of Alley Cats and Mousing and Chowder Club ".

* Bell Hoppy ( 1954 )

Arthur C. Clarke, for example, sufficiently described the concept of a communications satellite ( a geostationary satellite used as a telecommunications relay ) in a 1945 paper that it was not considered patentable in 1954 when it was developed ( independently ) at Bell Labs.

In the famous Mary Martin musical version of the play, which opened on Broadway in 1954 and was first televised in 1955, Tinker Bell was represented by a darting light, as on stage, accompanied by bell-like sounds.

Since 1954, Tinker Bell has featured as a hostess for much of Disney's live-action television programming and in every Disney movie advertisements flying over Disneyland with her magic wand and her fairy dust, beginning with Disneyland ( which first introduced the theme park to the public while it was still under construction ), to Walt Disney Presents, Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color, and The Wonderful World of Disney.

the original group consisted of the three elder sons of O ' Kelly Isley, Sr. and Sally Bell Isley: O ' Kelly Jr., Rudolph and Ronald, who formed in 1954 and recorded with small labels singing doo-wop and rock ' n ' roll.

He was a member of the technical staff at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1953-1954 and then served in the U. S. Signal Corps from 1954 to 1956.

Philip Emeagwali ( born in 1954 ) is a Nigerian-born engineer and computer scientist / geologist who was one of two winners of the 1989 Gordon Bell Prize, a prize from the IEEE, for his use of a Connection Machine supercomputer to help analyze petroleum fields.

Mario Alberto Kempes Chiodi ( born 15 July 1954 in Bell Ville, Córdoba ) is a retired Argentine footballer.

The Spider Web trials were followed in 1954 by intensive tests on a single link, built in the Eastern Townships for Bell who had by this time been given the go-ahead for the implementation of the Mid-Canada Line.

* John Bell ( mathematician ) ( born 1954 ), American mathematician

The Prince's education was first started at a local school in Yawnghwe Nyaung Shwe at convents run by Roman Catholic Church nuns at Kalaw and Hsenwi ( Theinni ) in the Shan State, later in 1949 attended The Doon School at Dehra Dun ( Dehradun ) in India, graduating in 1954 ; studied for two years at Rangoon University ; attended the Bell School of Languages at Cambridge, England, and the Cambridgeshire Technical College ; graduated in 1964 from the University of Keele, England with a BA ( Hons ) in Geology and Political Institutions.

His directing credits include Pushover ( 1954 ), My Sister Eileen ( 1955 ), Operation Mad Ball ( 1957 ), Bell, Book and Candle ( 1958 ), Strangers When We Meet ( 1960 ), The World of Suzie Wong ( 1960 ), and The Notorious Landlady ( 1962 ).