The first medical use of cotton wool was by Dr. Joseph Sampson Gamgee at the Queen's Hospital ( later the General Hospital ) in Birmingham, England.

Tolkien took the name " Gamgee " from a colloquial word in Birmingham for cotton wool.

This was in turn derived from Gamgee Tissue, a surgical dressing invented by a 19th century Birmingham surgeon named Sampson Gamgee.

Dr Joseph Sampson Gamgee, MRCS, FRSE ( 17 April 1828, Livorno, Italy – 18 September 1886 ) was a surgeon at the Queen's Hospital ( later the General Hospital ) in Birmingham, England.

Sampson's son Dr Leonard Parker Gamgee was also a renowned surgeon of Birmingham and his nephew ( son of his sister Fanny Gamgee ) was Prof Sir D ' Arcy Wentworth Thompson ( 1860-1948 ).

Gamgee Tissue is a surgical dressing invented by Dr. Joseph Sampson Gamgee in Birmingham, England, in 1880.

The common Band-Aid | sticking plaster ( invented by Earle Dickson of New York in 1924 ) was based on Gamgee's gauze, however, Birmingham chemist Thomas Allcock invented a porous plaster for the relief of pain in New York as early as 1854. 1880: Gamgee Tissue is invented by Joseph Sampson Gamgee, a surgical dressing which has a thick layer of absorbent cotton wool between two layers of absorbent gauze.

Her acting began with the Birmingham Repertory Company and she soon became the toast of the West End.

This re-united group, which now included the large majority of Christadelphians, became known as the Central fellowship named after the Birmingham Central ecclesia.

William Withering – like Small a physician – was already an acquaintance of Darwin, Boulton and Wedgwood when he moved from Stafford to Birmingham and became a member of the Society in 1776.

In 2005, Babu, a male red panda at Birmingham Nature Centre in Birmingham, England, escaped and briefly became a media celebrity, before being recaptured.

The club joined the Birmingham & District Football Association in 1881 and became eligible for their first competition, the Birmingham Cup.

Because of low transportation and labor costs, Birmingham quickly became the largest and cheapest foundry iron-producing area.

In the spring and summer of 1963, national attention became riveted on Birmingham.

In 1885, the Birmingham School of Art became the first Municipal School of Art.

John Cadbury became a partner with his brother Benjamin and the company they formed was called ' Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham '.

SPSS did not wish to sell and support Poplog as such, so Poplog then became available as open source software, hosted at the University of Birmingham, which had also been involved in development after 1991.

' The Portland Storm became the Portland Thunder, the Birmingham Americans were replaced by the Vulcans, and the Chicago Fire became the Winds.

At the time of the grant, Birmingham lacked an Anglican cathedral, although the parish church later became a cathedral in 1905.

The club dropped into the Birmingham & District League, and in 1909 also became members of the Southern League.

In 1921 they joined the Birmingham & District League and three years later the club became known as Burton Town and were league champions in 1928.

Locally the movement's activists were led by Fred Shuttlesworth, a fiery preacher who became legendary for his fearlessness in the face of violence, notably a string of racially motivated bombings that earned Birmingham the derisive nickname " Bombingham ".

Following that season, the Toros relocated to Alabama where they became the Birmingham Bulls.

He was again offered a spot on the Flames as a role player and to help develop the team's young players, but as the franchise relocated to Canada and became the Calgary Flames, Henderson chose to remain with Birmingham.

In Birmingham, he became a stockbroker, briefly joining brokerage firm E. F. Hutton.

Chamberlain resigned from Gladstone's Third Government in 1886 in opposition to Irish Home Rule, and after the Liberal Party split he became a Liberal Unionist, a party which included a bloc of MPs based in and around Birmingham.

Chamberlain became involved in Liberal politics, influenced by the strong radical and liberal traditions among Birmingham shoemakers and the long tradition of social action in Chamberlain's Unitarian church.

Branagh became a major presence in the media and on the British stage when Renaissance collaborated with Birmingham Rep for a 1988 touring season of three Shakespeare plays under the umbrella title of Renaissance Shakespeare on the Road, which also played a repertory season at the Phoenix Theatre in London.

After leaving Cambridge in September 1681, he became an assistant master at King Edward's School, Birmingham and took holy orders.

Despite the close proximity, many inhabitants of the Black Country resist hints at any relationship to people living in Birmingham, which may be called " Brum-a-jum " ( Birmingham's colloquial name is Brummagem, a corruption of its older name of Bromwichamand hence West Bromwich ) or Birminam ( missing the g and h out and saying it the way it's spelt ).

Brummie ( sometimes Brummy ) is a colloquial term for the inhabitants, accent and dialect of Birmingham, England, as well as being a general adjective used to denote a connection with the city, locally called Brum.

Its colloquial name of " Spaghetti Junction " is claimed to have been coined in 1965 by journalists from the Birmingham Evening Mail.

Originally the programme was set in the city of Birmingham in England, hence the name: in addition to its onomatopoeic nature of a car engine revving, Brum is a common colloquial name for Birmingham and its inhabitants are known as Brummies.

** Brummagem, a colloquial name for Birmingham, England or the Birmingham dialect

Benjamin FranklinWhile the society's meetings provided its name and social focus, however, they were relatively unimportant in its activities, and far more activity and communication took place outside the meetings themselves – members local to Birmingham were in almost daily contact, more distant ones in correspondence at least weekly.

After outrage from Birmingham residents ( who felt that the word ' Blast ' may have been misconstrued as a reference to the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963, as well as Eric Rudolph's 1998 bombing of a local abortion clinic ), the XFL changed the name of the Birmingham team to the more benign " Birmingham Thunderbolts ".

It was in fact the name when I was small ( in Birmingham ) for ' cotton-wool '.

* Midland Red, the fleet and trading name used by the Birmingham & Midland Motor Omnibus Company ( BMMO )

Well-before Birmingham was even founded ( in 1871 ), the county seat of Jefferson County was located at Carrollsville ( 1819 – 21 ) and Elyton ( 1821 – 73 ), and since 1873 it has been located in Birmingham, which was named for the English city of the same name in Warwickshire.

The founders, organized as the Elyton Land Company, borrowed the name of Birmingham, one of England's main industrial cities, to advertise that point.

Street name signs on Birdbrook Road, Great Barr, Birmingham, showing old " Birmingham 22 " ( top ) and modern " B44 " postcodes.

InterCity ( or, initially, " Inter-City " with a hyphen ) was first conceived as a brand name by British Rail for the launch in 1966 of its electrification of the major part of the West Coast Main Line, notably new express services between London and the major cities of Manchester, Birmingham and Liverpool.

The name of the Birmingham & Birmingham & Fazeley Canal Company was changed to Birmingham Canal Navigations in 1794.

As the act's name suggests, this authorised the construction of the canal from the BCN Main Line of the Birmingham Canal Navigations ( which would not be known as such until 1794 ) near Wolverhampton to Wyrley Bank, and the raising of up to £ 45, 000 to pay for construction.

Lanier's poem " The Marshes of Glynn " is the inspiration for a cantata by the same name that was created by the modern English composer Andrew Downes to celebrate the Royal Opening of the Adrian Boult Hall in Birmingham, England, in 1986.

The name Mercer Street is first mentioned in the Survey of Birmingham of 1553.

* August 27 — Sir Arthur Sullivan's oratorio The Light of the World ( inspired by William Holman Hunt's painting of the same name ) is premièred at the Birmingham Festival.

The A41 resumes the old route at another junction with the B425, becoming Warwick Road, which is the name of the route all the way into Birmingham.

Allegedly, the league had originally planned to name the team the Blast, but changed the name at the last minute when it was considered to invoke images of the 1963 bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church and of the 1998 bombing of a local abortion clinic, two tragic events in Birmingham history.