The 9th-10th century master of the religious system known as " the nondual Shaivism of Kashmir " ( or " Kashmir Shaivism ") and aesthetician, Abhinavagupta brought rasa theory to its pinnacle in his separate commentaries on the Dhvanyāloka, the Dhvanyāloka-locana ( translated by Ingalls, Masson and Patwardhan, 1992 ) and the Abhinavabharati, his commentary on the Nātyashāstra, portions of which are translated by Gnoli and Masson and Patwardhan.

Hindu idealism is central to Vedanta philosophy and to such schools as Kashmir Shaivism.

In the first half of the first millennium, the Kashmir region became an important center of Hinduism and later of Buddhism ; later still, in the ninth century, Kashmir Shaivism arose.

In his long life he completed over 35 works, the largest and most famous of which is Tantrāloka, an encyclopedic treatise on all the philosophical and practical aspects of Trika and Kaula ( known today as Kashmir Shaivism ).

Thus, Kashmir Shaivism is also be categorized by some as propounding theistic monism or panentheism.

In medieval times the great Kashmir Valley School of Art, Culture and Philosophy Kashmir Shaivism arose.

He wrote a number of books on the subjects of Kundalini Shakti, Vedanta, and Kashmir Shaivism, including an autobiography entitled The Play of Consciousness.

Kashmir Shaivism: The Secret Supreme.

* Kashmir Shaivism philosophy

Other examples and interpretations might be found in Kashmir Shaivism and Tantra in general, Gnosticism, Sufism, and Kabbalah.

The Siddhanta tradition, like Kashmir Shaivism and Kaula, differs from the Vedic and Puranic worship of Shiva and also from the ancient Pasupati tradition by its adherence to texts called Agamas or Tantras, which lay down rites that may be performed by men of the first four varnas ( women in these varnas played marginal roles ) and describe a progressive, fourfold spiritual path of virtuous and moral living ( charya ), ritual ( kriya ), individual practice ( yoga ) and knowledge ( jnana, vidya ).

In the Hindu philosophy of Kashmir Shaivism ( Hindu tantra ), siddha also refers to a Siddha Guru who can by way of Shaktipat initiate disciples into Yoga.

Siddha Yoga is a spiritual path based on the Indian spiritual traditions of Vedanta and Kashmir Shaivism.

The Siddha Yoga tradition draws its teachings from the yogic philosophy of Vedanta, Kashmir Shaivism, and the Maharashtran poet-saints.

** Kashmir Shaivism, adheres to the teachings of Vasugupta and his disciplinic lineage, including Abhinavagupta

Vedanta ( Advaita Vedanta ), Ayyavazhi, shamanism, Hermeticism, Neoplatonism, Gnosticism, Kashmir Shaivism, Sant Mat / Surat Shabd Yoga, Sufism, Druze, Kabbalah, Theosophy, Anthroposophy, Rosicrucianism ( Esoteric Christian ), Eckankar, Ascended Master Teachings, etc.

* Kaula in Kashmir Shaivism

In his long life he completed over 35 works, the largest and most famous of which is Tantrāloka, an encyclopedic treatise on all the philosophical and practical aspects of Trika and Kaula ( known today as Kashmir Shaivism ).

In Kashmir Shaivism and especially in Kaula it is considered that a progeny of parents " established in the divine essence of Bhairava ", is endowed with exceptional spiritual and intellectual prowess.

As usual the law applied to all of India, except Jammu and Kashmir ( again leading to accusations of selective secularism ).

He was born in the Valley of Kashmir in a family of scholars and mystics and studied all the schools of philosophy and art of his time under the guidance of as many as fifteen ( or more ) teachers and gurus.

After the emigration of the Brahmins, Sikandar ordered all the temples in Kashmir to be thrown down.

Having broken all the images in Kashmir, ( Sikandar ) acquired the title of ' Destroyer of Idols '.

By the first the State of Lahore ( i. e. West Punjab ) handed over to the British, as equivalent for one crore indemnity, the hill countries between the rivers Beas and Indus ; by the second the British made over to Gulab Singh for 75 lakhs all the hilly or mountainous country situated to the east of the Indus and the west of the Ravi i. e. the Vale of Kashmir ).

Indian soldiers entered Kashmir and drove the Pakistani-sponsored irregulars from all but a small section of the state.

As a Home Minister, Patel merged all parts of India under federal control but Jammu and Kashmir was left out because of Nehru.

* The United States Department of State issues a travel warning advising all Americans except for essential diplomatic personnel ( about 60, 000 people ) to leave India because " conditions along India's border with Pakistan and in the state of Jammu and Kashmir have deteriorated.

* Indian Penal Code, a penal code for all of India including Jammu and Kashmir

These statements of the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir as well as Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru also have a bearing on the territorial extent of Kanjut as well as the rest of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir at the time of her accession “ in its entirety to the new Dominion of India ” on October 26 and Section ( 4 ) of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir which pertains to the territorial extent of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir also unequivocally states that, “ The territory of the State shall comprise all the territories which on the fifteenth day of August, 1947, were under the sovereignty or suzerainty of the Ruler of the State ".

But owing to its dependence on coalition support, it was impossible for the BJP to push items like building the Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir in Ayodhya, repealing Article 370 which gave a special status to the state of Kashmir, or enacting a uniform civil code applicable to adherents of all religions.

The dispute for Kashmir has been the cause, whether direct or indirect of all major conflicts between the two countries with the exception of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, where conflict originated due to turmoil in erstwhile East Pakistan ( now Bangladesh ).

King Lalitaditya Muktapida of Kashmir ruled all of India and even Central Asia.

It occurs nearly all over Europe except northern UK and Scandinavia ; to the east, the range extends to Kashmir and Mongolia.

* Kashmir Shaivism-philosophy gives Kashmir its soul, God is universal, in all equally.

Traditionally, all Rifle regiments and the Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry ( Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, Garhwal Rifles, Gurkha Rifles, and Rajputana Rifles ) wear rank badges, buttons and blackened wire embroidered articles of uniform in black instead of the usual Brass ( or gold ) coloured as the original role of the rifle regiments was camouflage and concealment.

By the first the State of Lahore ( i. e. West Punjab ) handed over to the British, as equivalent for ( rupees ) one crore of indemnity, the hill countries between Beas and Indus ; by the second the British made over to Gulab Singh for ( Rupees ) 75 lakhs all the hilly or mountainous country situated to the east of Indus and west of Ravi " ( i. e. the Vale of Kashmir ).

In what became Pakistani territory, they are found in numbers in Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum and Rawalpindi districts, which all bordered Jammu and Kashmir.

There are also some parks viz-Dream Land which is most popular situated on banks of Kashmir Canal, Green city park near Ambedkar Bridge and Bhagat Singh Park. The market is also very large and generally all the things are available.

In Kashmir Shavisim, all things are a manifestation of this Consciousness.

: Specific regions within a country or areas in dispute among countries, such as Kashmir, are not covered, but other areas of the world whose status is disputed, such as the Spratly Islands, have entries.

Other areas sometimes included are Afghanistan, Mongolia, eastern Iran and northern and western Pakistan, and sometimes Xinjiang and Tibet in western China, Jammu and Kashmir in northern India, and southern Siberia in eastern Russia.

Eastern variants of Gupta called Nāgarī are first attested from the 8th century CE ; from c. 1200 CE these gradually replaced Siddham, which survived as a vehicle for Tantric Buddhism in East Asia, and Sharada, which remained in parallel use in Kashmir.

India has more than two thousand ethnic groups, and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages ( Indo-European, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman languages ) as well as two language isolates ( the Nihali language spoken in parts of Maharashtra and the Burushaski language spoken in parts of Jammu and Kashmir ).

As for specific places, the main character is Kublai Khan the Tartar king from China, the river is Alpheus in Greece and is similar to the Nile, and the Abyssinian woman sings of Mount Amara, and the caves are like those in Kashmir.

Jammu and Pakistan administered Kashmir lie outside Pir Panjal range, and are under Indian and Pakistani control respectively.

Nepali or Nepalese are descendants of migrants from parts of Kashmir, earlier Greater Nepal, Tibet, India, and parts of Burma and Yunnan, along with native tribal populations.

* 2005 – 2005 Kashmir earthquake: Thousands of people are killed by a magnitude 7. 6 earthquake in parts of Pakistan, India and Afghanistan.

The Northern Areas and Azad Kashmir lie mainly in Central Asia along the edge of the Indian plate and hence are prone to violent earthquakes where the two tectonic plates collide.

The southern borders are far less contentious than those in northern Pakistan ( Kashmir ).

All telecom companies are working to broaden their networks in the Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Northern Areas, which were largely ignored until recently.

Modern scholarship has almost unanimously agreed that claims of the travels of Jesus to Tibet, Kashmir or India and the influence of Buddhism on his teachings are without historical basis.

Karlugh Turks are also found in small amounts in Srinagar region of Kashmir.

In the Punjab and Kashmir regions ( India, Pakistan ), turnips are used in variety of dishes.

In Pakistan they are concentrated in the west and northwest, inhabiting mainly Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas ( FATA ), as well as parts of Balochistan, Gilgit – Baltistan, Kashmir as well as Mianwali and Attock districts of Punjab.

Further, this fact is confirmed and reiterated from the correspondence of the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir dated October 26, 1947 with Lord Mountbatten, Governor General of India which states that the state of Jammu and Kashmir has a common boundary with the “ Soviet Republic ”, and the said statement also determines the fact that inter alia Gilgit and Kanjut ( which includes the Raskam, Hunza valley and Taghdumbash ) are integral parts of Jammu and Kashmir. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru had also made a similar statement that " Jammu and Kashmir's Northern

The followers of Hindutva are known for their criticism of the Indian government as too passive with regard to the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus by Kashmiri Muslim separatists and advocates of Hindutva wish a harder stance in Jammu and Kashmir.

The front line in Korea and the front lines between Pakistan and India in Kashmir are two examples of demarcation lines which could become hot at any time.

There are two subspecies: the nominate garrulus, which breeds from in north Africa from Morocco east to Tunisia, southwest and south-central Europe and Asia Minor east through northwest Iran to southwest Siberia ; and semenowi, which breeds in Iraq and Iran ( except northwest ) east to Kashmir and north to Turkmenistan, south Kazakhstan and northwest China ( west Xinjiang ).

The peninsular south, the east and northeast and the Kashmir valley are primarily rice-eating cultures.