The goddess Tethys, who may have been a primordial deity of Archaic Greece, and in Classical myths was described as the mother who oversaw the chief rivers of the world known to the Greeks – mid-fourth-century mosaic – Shahba | Philipopolis ( Shahba, Syria ), Shahba Museum.

Atargatis () or Ataratheh (; ) was a Syrian deity, the chief goddess of northern Syria ( Michael Rostovtzeff called her " the great mistress of the North Syrian lands "), commonly known to the ancient Greeks by a the name Aphrodite Derceto () and to the Romans as Dea Syriae (" Goddess of Syria "), occasionally rendered in one word Deasura.

Shaddai was a late Bronze Age Amorite city on the banks of the Euphrates river, in northern Syria, as well as the name, or a signifying epithet of a West Semitic deity, whose name was attached by the Hebrews to that of El as one of the names of God in Judaism.

The last obstacle in Mrs. Geraghty's globe-girdling trip was smoothed out when a representative of Syria called upon her to explain that his brother would meet her at the border of that country -- so newly separated from Egypt and the United Arab Republic that she hadn't been able to obtain a visa.

Byzantine control was challenged by Arab raids starting in the 7th century ( see Byzantine – Arab Wars ), but in the 9th and 10th century a resurgent Byzantine Empire regained its lost territories and even expanded beyond its traditional borders, into Armenia and Syria ( ancient Aram ).

The Battle of Qarqar is mentioned in extra-biblical records, and was perhaps at Apamea where Shalmaneser III of Assyria fought a great confederation of princes from Cilicia, Northern Syria, Israel, Ammon, and the tribes of the Syrian desert ( 853 BC ), including Ahab ( A-ha-ab-bu < sup > mat </ sup >) ( Adad -' idri ).

The spread of Akkadian stretched from Syria to Elam, and even the Elamite language was temporarily written in Mesopotamian cuneiform.

A cadastral survey seems also to have been instituted, and one of the documents relating to it states that a certain Uru-Malik, whose name appears to indicate his Canaanite origin, was governor of the land of the Amorites, or Amurru as the semi-nomadic people of Syria and Canaan were called in Akkadian.

Ptolemy Philometor, who was Alexander's father-in-law, went over to his side, and Alexander was defeated in the battle of Antioch ( 145 BC ) in Syria, sometimes known as the battle of the Oenoparus.

When Abu Bakr was 10 years old, he went to Syria along with his father with the merchants ' caravan.

Andrew, who was now with Saint Louis, interpreted David's message to the King, a real or pretended offer of alliance from the Mongol general Eljigidei, and a proposal of a joint attack upon the Islamic powers of Syria.

A bust of Emperor Constantius II from Syria. Ammianus was born between 325 and 330 in the Greek-speaking East, possibly at Antioch on the Orontes.

Amalric could not follow up on his success in Egypt because Nur ad-Din was active in Syria, having taken Bohemund III of Antioch and Raymond III of Tripoli prisoner at the Battle of Harim during Amalric's absence.

Assyria was also sometimes known as Subartu, and after its fall, from 605 BC through to the late seventh century AD variously as Athura, Syria ( Greek ), Assyria ( Latin ) and Assuristan.

When they lost control of Assyria itself, the name Syria survived and was applied only to the land of Aramea to the west, that had once been part of the Assyrian empire.

After the death of his master the school of Syria was dispersed, and Aedesius seems to have modified his doctrines out of fear of Constantine, and took refuge in divination.

Circumcision was forbidden, Iudaea province was renamed Syria Palaestina and Jews ( formally all circumcised men, Arabs too ) were banned from entering the city on pain of death.

Born near Damascus in Syria, Abd al-Rahman, grandson of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, was the son of the Umayyad prince Mu ' awiyah ibn Hisham and a Berber mother.

The Latin clergy were expelled after the city was captured by Saladin, the sultan of Egypt and Syria.

By the end of 1346, reports of plague had reached the seaports of Europe: " India was depopulated, Tartary, Mesopotamia, Syria, Armenia were covered with dead bodies ".

Antioch, the third-most important city of the Roman Empire, then the capital city of Syria province, today Antakya, Turkey, was where Christians were first called thus.

It relates that certain Jews coming to Syria and Salamis, where Barnabas was then preaching the gospel, being highly exasperated at his extraordinary success, fell upon him as he was disputing in the synagogue, dragged him out, and, after the most inhumane tortures, stoned him to death.

By 572 Nebuchadnezzar was in full control of Mesopotamia, Aramea ( Syria ), Phonecia, Israel, Judah, Philistinia, Samarra, Jordan, northern Arabia and parts of Asia Minor.

Couscous was taken from Syria to Turkey in the 16th century and is eaten in most of the southern provinces.

A strong cavalry regiment was formed by Khalid ibn Walid which included the veterans of the campaign of Iraq and Syria.

Arab people, also known as Arabs (, ʿarab ), are a panethnicity as are about half of Arabs in Australia who come particularly from Lebanon, Syria, and the Palestinian territories.

Also, prior to the massive Sephardic emigrations to the Middle East in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Jewish communities of what are today Syria, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Egypt and Yemen were known by other Jewish communities as Musta ' arabi Jews or " like Arabs ".

In West Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean early copper zinc alloys are now known in small numbers from a number of third Millennium BC sites in the Aegean, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, Kalmykia, Turkmenistan and Georgia and from 2nd Millennium BC sites in West India, Uzbekistan, Iran, Syria, Iraq and Israel.

The oldest known canals were irrigation canals, built in Mesopotamia circa 4000 BC, in what is now modern day Iraq and Syria.

The oldest known dictionaries were Akkadian Empire cuneiform tablets with bilingual Sumerian – Akkadian wordlists, discovered in Ebla ( modern Syria ) and dated roughly 2300 BCE .< ref name = " imlqdg ">

It is known to exist in northern Saudi Arabia, southern Jordan, northern Iraq ( Kurdistan ), and Nicholas Birch of the The Christian Science Monitor claims there is circumstantial evidence for its existence in Syria, western Iran, and southern Turkey.

The only known source of the Safaitic language, a form of proto-Arabic, is from graffiti: inscriptions scratched on to the surface of rocks and boulders in the predominantly basalt desert of southern Syria, eastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia.

The uplands region, between the Tigris north of Samarra and the Euphrates north of Hit, is known as Al Jazira ( the island ) and is part of a larger area that extends westward into Syria between the two rivers and into Turkey.

The land known as Mesopotamia is Iraq and eastern Syria and is called such by its inhabitants.

Over the next few days the armies of Egypt, Trans-Jordan, Iraq, Libya, Sudan, Lebanon, and Syria invaded Israel, and officially and militarily threatened to occupy the whole of the former Mandate territory, thereby starting the 1948 Arab – Israeli War, known in Israel as the War of Independence (, Milhamat HaAtzma ' ut ).

The area, formerly part of the region known as Greater Syria, served as a link between the Mediterranean world and India and East Asia.

He writes: " Archaeology indicates that Roman Mithraism had its epicenter in Rome ... the fully developed religion known as Mithraism seems to have begun in Rome and been carried to Syria by soldiers and merchants.

Syriac was spoken in Syria, and Mesopotamia, and with dialect in Palestine, where it was known as Aramaic.

In Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria, Palm Sunday – known as Shaa ' nineh in Arabic-is perhaps the best-attended service in the Christian Calendar, among the Orthodox, Catholic ( Latin rite and Eastern rite ), Maronite and Anglican Churches, perhaps because it is notably a family occasion.

According to Alexandre de Marenches, chief of External Documentation and Counter-Espionnage Service ( now known as the DGSE ), the shah declined that France expel Khomeini for fear that the cleric should move to Syria or Libya.

Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (, Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb, Kurdish: سه ‌ لاحه ‌ دین ئه ‌ یوبی, Selah ' edînê Eyubî ) ( 1137 / 1138 – March 4, 1193 ), better known in the Western world as Saladin, was a Kurdish Muslim, who became the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and founded the Ayyubid dynasty .< ref name =" Minorsky "> A number of contemporary sources make note of this.

It is suspected this explains how the location of the island was certainly known to the English only a few years later, for example, William Barrett ( who died in 1584 as English consul at Aleppo, Syria ) stated the island was “ sixteene degrees to the South ”, which is precisely the correct latitude.

Mogadishu, the center of a thriving weaving industry known as toob benadir ( specialized for the markets in Egypt and Syria ), together with Merca and Barawa also served as transit stops for Swahili merchants from Mombasa and Malindi and for the gold trade from Kilwa.

During the second millennium BCE, Syria was occupied successively by Canaanites, Phoenicians, and Arameans as part of the general disruptions associated with the Sea Peoples ; the Phoenicians settled along the coastline of these area as well as in the west ( Now Lebanon & The current Syrian coast ), in the area already known for its cedars.

The land known as Mesopotamia is Iraq and eastern Syria and is called such by its inhabitants.

On 6 October 1973, Egypt commenced Operation Badr to liberate Sinai, whilst Syria launched a simultaneous operation to liberate the Golan Heights, thereby beginning the Yom Kippur War ( known in Egypt as the October War ).

* Robert Wood publishes The ruins of Balbec, otherwise Heliopolis in Coelosyria in English and French, making the ancient city of Baalbek in Syria known to the West.

Fowl had been known in Egypt since the 18th Dynasty, with the " bird that gives birth every day " having come to Egypt from the land between Syria and Shinar, Babylonia, according to the annals of Tutmose III.