* Windows 2000 or later, CE, Mobile

Then Windows 2000 Server edition, and revised to extend functionality and improve administration in Windows Server 2003.

Operating systems that supported Alpha included OpenVMS ( previously known as OpenVMS AXP ), Tru64 UNIX ( previously known as DEC OSF / 1 AXP and Digital UNIX ), Windows NT ( until 4. 0 SP6 and Windows 2000 RC1 ), GNU / Linux ( Debian GNU / Linux, Gentoo Linux and Red Hat Linux ), BSD UNIX ( NetBSD, OpenBSD and FreeBSD up to 6. x ), as well as the L4Ka :: Pistachio kernel.

A Microsoft Windows ( 2000 or newer ) port was made available starting with the 2. 2. 0 series.

In hindsight, Cairo was a much more difficult project than Microsoft had anticipated and, as a result, NT and Chicago would not be unified until Windows XP — albeit Windows 2000, oriented to business, had already unified most of the system ’ s bolts and gears, it was XP that was sold to home consumers like Windows 95 and came to be viewed as the final unified OS.

This problem plagued the NT line all the way through Windows 2000.

Microsoft released Windows 2000 in February 2000.

Windows 2000 is also the last NT-kernel Windows operating system to lack product activation.

While Windows 2000 upgrades were available for Windows 95 and Windows 98, it was not intended for home users.

Windows 2000 was available in six editions:

* Windows 2000 Professional

* Windows 2000 Server

* Windows 2000 Advanced Server

* Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

* Windows 2000 Advanced Server Limited Edition

* Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Limited Edition

In September 2000, Microsoft introduced Windows Me ( Millennium Edition ), which upgraded Windows 98 with enhanced multimedia and Internet features from Windows 2000.

EFI booting has been supported in only Microsoft Windows versions supporting GPT, the Linux kernel 2. 6. 1 and later, and Mac OS X on Intel-based Macs.

* Calypso, an email client for Microsoft Windows ; later called Courier

ClearType was later introduced as an operating system feature in Windows XP, where it was kept turned off by default.

In Microsoft Office 2007 and later versions, Internet Explorer 7 and later versions and Windows Live Messenger, ClearType is also turned on by default, even if it is not enabled throughout the operating system.

This version was the precursor to the multimedia features available in Windows 3. 1 and later, and was part of Microsoft's specification for the Multimedia PC.

In an attempt to resolve this tension, IBM and Microsoft agreed that IBM would develop OS / 2 2. 0, to replace OS / 2 1. 3 and Windows 3. 0, while Microsoft would develop a new operating system, OS / 2 3. 0, to later succeed OS / 2 2. 0.

Microsoft would later imitate much of it in Windows 95.

One major difference between Vista and earlier versions of Windows, Windows 95 and later, is that the original start button was replaced with just the Windows icon.

The Amstrad PCW's bundled word processing software, LocoScript, used the term " in limbo " to refer to files which had been deleted but which could still be restored, a concept similar to that later implemented by the Trash in the Apple Macintosh and the Recycle Bin in Microsoft Windows 95.

The icons of the operating system, which represented folders and application software were designed by Susan Kare, who later designed the icons for Microsoft Windows 3. 0.

Due to its usefulness, ping has been implemented on a large number of operating systems, initially BSD Unix, but later others including Windows and Mac OS X.

It was replaced by Microsoft Excel which followed some years later on both the Apple Macintosh ( 1985 ) and Microsoft Windows ( 1987 ).

Compatibility with Windows 3. 0 ( and later Windows 3. 1 ) was achieved by adapting Windows user-mode code components to run inside a virtual DOS machine.

As a result of the dispute, IBM signed the license agreement 15 minutes before Microsoft's Windows 95 launch event, which was later than their competitors and this badly hurt sales of IBM PCs.

It was initially marketed as a stand-alone add-on product and then later included it as a component in Windows Services for UNIX ( SFU ) and finally incorporated it as a component in Windows Vista and later Windows OS releases under the name " Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications " ( SUA ).

BDB can support thousands of simultaneous threads of control or concurrent processes manipulating databases as large as 256 terabytes, on a wide variety of operating systems including most Unix-like and Windows systems, and real-time operating systems.

Systems like Windows NT and OS / 2 are said to have " cheap " threads and " expensive " processes ; in other operating systems there is not so great a difference except the cost of address space switch which implies a TLB flush.

Windows Vista makes it a requirement to support an arbitrarily large number of execution contexts ( or threads ) in hardware or in software.

This is a departure from Windows XP, where the hardware could decide to switch threads on its own, as the OS had limited control about what the GPU could do.

Old-style Linux POSIX threading is known for having trouble with threads that refuse to yield to the system occasionally, because it does not take the opportunity to preempt them when it arises, something that Windows was known to do better at the time.

ZThreads is a cross-platform high-level object-oriented C ++ library, which provides an interface to application programming interface ( API ) threads for POSIX Pthreads and Windows API threads.

In Windows NT operating systems, the System Idle Process contains one or more kernel threads which run when no other runnable thread can be scheduled on a CPU.

Without the idle threads, there could be cases when no threads were runnable, or " Ready " in terms of Windows scheduling states.

The Cygwin / X project contributes an implementation of the X Window System that allows graphical Unix programs to display their user interfaces on the Windows desktop.

* On a computer running Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, or Unix running the X Window System, clicking the secondary mouse button ( usually the right button ) opens a context menu for the region that is under the mouse pointer.

Diacritics can be composed in most X Window System keyboard layouts, as well as other operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows, using additional software.

* Installable File System ( IFS ) – a filesystem API for IBM OS / 2 and Microsoft Windows NT

The original GLUT library by Mark Kilgard supports the X Window System ( GLX ) and was ported to Microsoft Windows ( WGL ) by Nate Robins.

Parts of Cairo have still not made it into Windows as of 2009-specifically, the WinFS file system, which was the much touted Object File System of Cairo.

System Restore was a notable feature that made its way into Windows XP.

Many of the new features were available from the Windows Update site as updates for older Windows versions ( System Restore and Windows Movie Maker were exceptions ).

There are software-based emulators for the System / 370, System / 390, and System z hardware, including FLEX-ES and the freely available Hercules emulator which runs under Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows.

While most modern IDEs are graphical, IDEs in use before the advent of windowing systems ( such as Microsoft Windows or X Window System ( X11 )) were text-based, using function keys or hotkeys to perform various tasks ( Turbo Pascal is a common example ).

Operating systems ported to the architecture include SGI's IRIX, Microsoft's Windows NT ( until v4. 0 ), Windows CE, Linux, BSD, UNIX System V, SINIX, QNX, and MIPS Computer Systems ' own RISC / os.

* Returnil Virtual System can virtualize Windows based systems, needs only a restart to rebuild the virtual machine.

This provides objects such as FileSystemObject, File, and TextStream, which expose the Windows File System to the programmer.

All versions of the operating system support the Windows NT file system, NTFS 3. 0, the Encrypting File System, as well as basic and dynamic disk storage.

The Windows 2000 Server family has additional features, including the ability to provide Active Directory services ( a hierarchical framework of resources ), Distributed File System ( a file system that supports sharing of files ) and fault-redundant storage volumes.

Certain new features are common across all editions of Windows 2000, among them NTFS 3. 0, the Microsoft Management Console ( MMC ), UDF support, the Encrypting File System ( EFS ), Logical Disk Manager, Image Color Management 2. 0, support for PostScript 3-based printers, OpenType < tt >(. OTF )</ tt > and Type 1 PostScript < tt >(. PFB )</ tt > font support, the Data protection API ( DPAPI ), an LDAP / Active Directory-enabled Address Book, usability enhancements and multi-language and locale support.

Many graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ), including Mac OS, Microsoft Windows, or the X Window System, are primarily based on 2D graphical concepts.

SCUMM has been released on the following platforms: 3DO, Amiga, Apple II, Atari ST, CDTV, Commodore 64, Fujitsu Towns & Marty, Apple Macintosh, Nintendo Entertainment System, DOS, Microsoft Windows, Sega Mega-CD and TurboGrafx-16 / PC Engine.

Services normally provided by the kernel in Windows are provided by a daemon known as the wineserver, whose task is to implement basic Windows functionality, as well as integration with the X Window System, and translation of signals into native Windows exceptions.