In two pioneering epidemiological field studies, he was able to demonstrate human sewage contamination was the most probable disease vector in two major epidemics in London in 1854.

Human diet was estimated to cause perhaps around 35 % of cancers in a human epidemiological analysis by Richard Doll and Richard Peto in 1981.

The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency classifies 1, 4-dioxane to be a probable human carcinogen ( not observed in epidemiological studies of workers using the compound, but resulting in more cancer cases in controlled animal studies ), and a known irritant with a no-observed-adverse-effects level of 400 milligrams per cubic meter ) at concentrations significantly higher than those found in commercial products.

An epidemiological investigation into the outbreak revealed that the strain of E. coli O157: H7 isolated from nine animals on the farm was indistinguishable from the strain isolated from human samples.

A 2005 epidemiology review concluded: " In aggregate the human epidemiological evidence is consistent with increased risk of birth defects in offspring of persons exposed to DU.

Alternative methods include positron emission tomography ( PET ), which allows scanning of the human brain in vivo, and comparative epidemiological studies of disease risk factors among human populations.

Its aim was to undertake laboratory and epidemiological research on the common cold, with a view to reducing its human and economic costs ; common colds account for a third of all acute respiratory infections and the economic costs are substantial in terms of days off work.

The Endocrine Society released a scientific statement outlining mechanisms and effects of endocrine disruptors on “ male and female reproduction, breast development and cancer, prostate cancer, neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism and obesity, and cardiovascular endocrinology ,” and showing how experimental and epidemiological studies converge with human clinical observations “ to implicate EDCs as a significant concern to public health .” The statement noted that it is difficult to show that endocrine disruptors cause human diseases, and it recommended that the precautionary principle should be followed.

However, reviews of the epidemiological evidence of early HIV-1 infection in stored blood samples, and of old cases of AIDS in Central Africa have led many scientists to believe that HIV-1 group M early human center was probably not in Cameroon, but rather farther south in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, more probably in its capital city, Kinshasa.

These new factor ( s ) would have acted either to increase human exposures to SIV, to help it to adapt to the human organism by mutation ( thus enhancing its between-humans transmissibility ), or to cause an initial burst of transmissions crossing an epidemiological threshold, and therefore increasing the odds of continued spread.

Young Earth creationist Joseph Mastropaolo, argues that " Change over time, ' definition one ' of evolution, actually describes devolution to extinction, the exact opposite of evolution .... actual epidemiological data from human genetic disorders and fatal birth defects, identify ' natural selection ,' the alleged ' primary mechanism ' for evolution, as actually a mechanism for devolution to extinction, the exact opposite of evolution.

To achieve these goals, epidemiological modelers unite several types of information and analytic capacity, including: 1 ) mathematical equations and computational algorithms ; 2 ) computer technology ; 3 ) epidemiological knowledge about infectious disease dynamics, including information about specific pathogens and disease vectors ; and 4 ) research data on social conditions and human behavior.

In his analysis, however, he touches upon but fails to explore an idea, generally neglected in discussions of the book, which I believe is central to its art -- the importance of human hands as a recurring feature of the narrative.

That is why it is so very important that ethical analysis keep clear the problem of decision as to `` permitted '' effects, and not draw back in fright from any conceivable contingency or suffer paralysis of action before possibilities or probabilities unrelated, or not directly morally related, to what we can and may and must do as long as human history endures.

Finally, just as no different issues are posed for thoughtful analysis by the foreshortening of time that may yet pass before the end of human life on this earth, but only stimulation and alarm to the imagination, the same thing must be said in connection with the question of what we may perhaps already be doing, by human action, to accelerate this end.

Noise in a thermogravimetric analysis ; lower noise in the middle of the plot results from less human activity ( and environmental noise ) at night.

Clinical Engineering departments will sometimes hire not just biomedical engineers, but also industrial / systems engineers to help address operations research / optimization, human factors, cost analysis, etc.

In the past two decades computer analysis has contributed significantly to chess theory as understood by human players, particularly in the endgame.

One core result of Holzkamp's historical and comparative analysis of human reproductive action, perception and cognition is a very specific concept of meaning that identifies symbolic meaning as historically and culturally constructed, purposeful conceptual structures that humans create in close relationship to material culture and within the context of historically specific formations of social reproduction.

Coming from this phenomenological perspective on culturally mediated and socially situated action, Holzkamp launched a devastating and original methodological attack on behaviorism ( which he termed S – R ( stimulus – response ) psychology ) based on linguistic analysis, showing in minute detail the rhetorical patterns by which this approach to psychology creates the illusion of " scientific objectivity " while at the same time losing relevance for understanding culturally situated, intentional human actions.

This notion is of particular importance for the analysis of human experience: Rather than assuming that mental states inhere in a cognizing subject, or a soul-substance, Buddhist philosophers largely propose that mental states alone exist as " momentary elements of consciousness " and that a subjective perceiver is assumed.

The prospectus stated an ambitious goal: the Encyclopédie was to be a systematic analysis of the " order and interrelations of human knowledge.

Contemporary analysis distinguishes tangible, physical, or nonhuman capital goods from other forms of capital such as human capital.

As human beings do not possess interstellar travel capability, such searches are being remotely carried out at great distances and rely on analysis of very subtle evidence.

* Michael Halliday's systemic functional grammar argues that the explanation of how language works " needed to be grounded in a functional analysis, since language had evolved in the process of carrying out certain critical functions as human beings interacted with their ... ' eco-social ' environment ".

On the basis of his linguistic analysis, Samarin defined Pentecostal glossolalia as " meaningless but phonologically structured human utterance, believed by the speaker to be a real language but bearing no systematic resemblance to any natural language, living or dead ".

The exact size of the GPCR superfamily is unknown but nearly 800 different human genes ( or ≈ 4 % of the entire protein-coding genome ) have been predicted from genome sequence analysis.

In his analysis of the movement of history, Marx predicted the breakdown of capitalism ( as a result of class struggle and the falling rate of profit ), and the establishment in time of a communist society in which class-based human conflict would be overcome.

By the 1920s Lewis Fry Richardson's interest in weather prediction led him to propose human computers and numerical analysis to model the weather ; to this day, the most powerful computers on Earth are needed to adequately model its weather using the Navier – Stokes equations.

The study of human problem solving required new kinds of human measurements and, with Anders Ericsson, Simon developed the experimental technique of verbal protocol analysis.

" Liberalism, existentialism and anarchism are examples of movements that take the human individual as a central unit of analysis.

* 1997 – In London scientists report the findings of the DNA analysis of a Neanderthal skeleton which supports the " out of Africa theory " of human evolution placing an " African Eve " at 100, 000 to 200, 000 years ago.

The study of bog bodies, including these found in Lindow Moss, have contributed to a wider understanding of well-preserved human remains, helping to develop new methods in analysis and investigation.

I am certainly not adequately trained to describe or enlarge on human fears, but there are certain features of the fears dispelled by scientific explanations that stand out quite clearly.

But Aristotle kept the principle of levels and even augmented it by describing in the Poetics what kinds of character and action must be imitated if the play is to be a vehicle of serious and important human truths.

What is simply an opinion formed in defiance of the laws of human probability, whether or not it is later confirmed, has become by September of the election year `` a firm conviction ''.

This text from Dr. Huxley is sometimes used by enthusiasts to indicate that they have the permission of the scientists to press the case for a wonderful unfoldment of psychic powers in human beings.

He is a utopian with a stake in tomorrow and he is a vulnerable human made captive by the circumstances of today.

One might, indeed, argue that the history of ideas, in so far as it includes the literatures, must center on characterizations of human nature and that the great periods of literary achievement may be distinguished from one another by reference to the images of human nature that they succeed in fashioning.

It is obvious that the historian who seeks to recapture the ideas that have motivated human behavior throughout a given period will find the art and literature of that age one of his central and major concerns, by no means a mere supplement or adjunct of significant historical research.

As our radius of penetration, R, increases, the area of new knowledge increases by Af, and the total of human knowledge becomes measured in terms of Af.

`` Tact '', by its very derivation, implies that its possessor keeps in touch with other people, but the author of Clericis Laicos and Unam Sanctam, the wielder of the two swords, the papal sun of which the imperial moon was but a dim reflection, the peer of Caesar and vice-regent of Christ, was so high above other human beings that he had forgotten what they were like.

Childhood's End -- apparently indebted to Kurd Lasswitz's Utopian romance, Auf Zwei Planeten ( 1897 ), and also to Wells's Histories Of The Future, especially, The World Set Free ( 1914 ) and The Shape Of Things To Come ( 1933 ) -- describes the bloodless conquest of earth by the Overlords, vastly superior creatures who come to our world in order to prepare the human race for its next stage of development, an eventual merging with the composite mind of the universe.

Mankind, as a result, attains previously undreamed of levels of civilization and culture, a golden age which the Overlords, a very evident symbol of science, have helped produce by introducing reason and the scientific method into human activities.

And by a skillful and unobtrusive use of imagery ( the enclosure is called a `` Roman-camp stockade '', the hastily erected lean-to is a `` Babylonian hovel '', the men begin to look like `` Peruvian mummies '' and to acquire `` Gothic faces '' ), Malraux projects a fresco of human endurance -- which is also the endurance of the human -- stretching backward into the dark abyss of time.

Since the work is done by hand, the only limitation, it is said, `` is that of human conception ''.

In that decade the partisan zeal to defend Mr. Hoover, and the party's failure to anticipate or cope with the depression, caused a great majority of Americans to see the Republican party as cold and lacking in any sympathy for the problems of human beings caught up in the distress and suffering brought on by the economic crash.

Long-lived carbon-14 from the fusion process would cause four million embryonic, neonatal or childhood deaths and stillbirths over the next 20 generations, and between 200,000 and one million human beings now living would have their lives cut short by radiation-produced diseases such as leukemia.

A good example of the results obtainable with ultrasonic radiation is contained in papers presented by Dr. G. Baum who has explored the human eye.

The anti-human sera used were prepared by injecting whole human serum into rabbits.

Progress is impeded by psychological inhibitions to effective action among those in power and by a failure on their part to understand how local resources, human and material, can be mobilized to achieve the national goals of modernization already symbolically accepted.

A state, the highest form of human organization in fact and theory, could be subjected to Law only by a manifestation of self-will, or consent.

Jaggers' iron control over her ( `` she would remove her hands from any dish she put before him, hesitatingly, as if she dreaded his calling her back ) '' ) rests on his having once got her acquitted of a murder charge by cleverly contriving her sleeves at the trial to conceal her strength and by passing off the lacerations on the backs of her hands as the scratches of brambles rather than of human fingernails.

Finally, if the mission of the Trial was to convict anti-Semitism, how could it have failed to post before the world the contrasting fates of the countries in which the Final Solution was aided by native Jew-haters -- i.e., Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia -- and those in which it met the obstacle of human solidarity -- Denmark, Holland, Italy, Bulgaria, France??