In ancient times, the supposedly dangerous amphisbaena had many uses in the art of folk medicine and other such remedies.

By 1000 BC ancient civilizations were using technologies that formed the basis of the various branches of chemistry such as ; extracting metal from their ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, making pigments for cosmetics and painting, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, making cheese, dying cloth, tanning leather, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze.

In ancient Greek medicine, each of the four humours became associated with an element.

Other things associated with fire and yellow bile in ancient and medieval medicine included the season of summer, since it increased the qualities of heat and aridity ; the choleric temperament ( of a person dominated by the yellow bile humour ); the masculine ; and the eastern point of the compass.

In ancient Greek medicine, each of the four humours became associated with an element.

Other things associated with air and blood in ancient and medieval medicine included the season of spring, since it increased the qualities of heat and moisture ; the sanguine temperament ( of a person dominated by the blood humour ); hermaphrodite ( combining the masculine quality of heat with the feminine quality of moisture ); and the northern point of the compass.

In ancient Greek medicine, each of the four humours became associated with an element.

Other things associated with water and phlegm in ancient and medieval medicine included the season of Winter, since it increased the qualities of cold and moisture ; the phlegmatic temperament, the feminine, the brain and the western point of the compass.

In ancient Greek medicine, each of the four humours became associated with an element.

Other things associated with earth and black bile in ancient and medieval medicine included the season of fall, since it increased the qualities of cold and aridity ; the melancholic temperament ( of a person dominated by the black bile humour ); the feminine ; and the southern point of the compass.

The term empirical was originally used to refer to certain ancient Greek practitioners of medicine who rejected adherence to the dogmatic doctrines of the day, preferring instead to rely on the observation of phenomena as perceived in experience.

In China the fossil bones of ancient mammals including Homo erectus were often mistaken for “ dragon bones ” and used as medicine and aphrodisiacs.

Galen's understanding of anatomy and medicine was principally influenced by the then-current theory of humorism, as advanced by many ancient Greek physicians such as Hippocrates.

Hippocrates of Cos or Hippokrates of Kos (; Hippokrátēs ; c. 460 BC – c. 370 BC ) was an ancient Greek physician of the Age of Pericles ( Classical Greece ), and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.

This intellectual school revolutionized medicine in ancient Greece, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields that it had traditionally been associated with ( notably theurgy and philosophy ), thus establishing medicine as a profession.

The ancient Egyptians had a system of medicine that was very advanced for its time and influenced later medical traditions.

Imhotep in the 3rd dynasty is sometimes credited with being the founder of ancient Egyptian medicine and with being the original author of the Edwin Smith Papyrus, detailing cures, ailments and anatomical observations.

Along with contemporary ancient Egyptian medicine, the Babylonians introduced the concepts of diagnosis, prognosis, physical examination, and medical prescriptions.

Most of our knowledge of ancient Hebrew medicine during the 1st millennium BC comes from the Torah, i. e. the Five Books of Moses, which contain various health related laws and rituals, such as isolating infected people ( Leviticus 13: 45-46 ), washing after handling a dead body ( Numbers 19: 11-19 ) and burying excrement away from camp ( Deuteronomy 23: 12-13 ).

As was the case elsewhere, the ancient Greeks developed a humoral medicine system where treatment sought to restore the balance of humours within the body.

Persia's position at the crossroads of the East and the West frequently placed it in the midst of developments in both ancient Greek and Indian medicine.

The translation of 129 works of ancient Greek physician Galen into Arabic by Hunayn ibn Ishaq and his assistants, and in particular Galen's insistence on a rational systematic approach to medicine, set the template for Islamic medicine, which rapidly spread throughout the Arab Empire.

In addition, despite his major impact on Ancient Egyptian architecture and field of medicine, even ancient historians failed to write about him, which adds to his mystery.

In 1453 when the last vestige of ancient Roman power fell to the Turks, the city officially shifted religions -- although the Patriarch, or Pope, of the Orthodox Church continued to live there, and still does -- and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

In ancient times, there were various explanations for the name Aegean.

In contrast, there was an Old Text school that advocated the use of Confucian works written in ancient language ( from this comes the denomination Old Text ) that were so much more reliable.

While there are ancient relations between the Indian Vedas and the Iranian Avesta, the two main families of the Indo-Iranian philosophical traditions were characterized by fundamental differences in their implications for the human being's position in society and their view on the role of man in the universe.

The Sadducees were an ancient Jewish sect that generally believed that there was a God but no afterlife.

The peoples of the Tarim Basin in northern China are now known to be Caucasian and there were widespread attempts to keep western archeologists from testing samples such as deliberately replacing the mummies or decapitating them, even defacing ancient cave painting depictions of these people with large amounts of body hair and features such as red colored hair and blue eyes.

Although amaranth was cultivated on a large scale in ancient Mexico, Guatemala, and Peru, nowadays it is only cultivated on a small scale there, along with India, China, Nepal, and other tropical countries ; thus, there is potential for further cultivation in those countries, as well as in the U. S. In a 1977 article in Science, amaranth was described as " the crop of the future.

However, there were more ancient measures that were also farthingales.

Also, there was an ancient statue, representing the god in chains, to indicate that the martial spirit and victory were never to leave the city of Sparta.

However, there have been many wild claims of ancient mid eastern ancestry ( including Assyrian ) throughout Europe, Africa and even the Americas, none of which have been supported by mainstream opinion or strong evidence, let alone proof.

However, there is controversy about whether they were genuinely recorded at the time or merely ascribed to ancient rulers by posterity.

Similar objections are voiced by Harvey who comments that there is a " strong and ancient tradition " that the presence of an ordained man is necessary for the celebration of the Eucharist.

Ancient Nubia shared many aspects of its mythology with ancient Egypt and there is debate about the original source of some religious concepts that the two cultures share and, whether the assimilation was from Nubia to Egypt, the reverse, or through continuing exchanges.

The meanings of the sky vary from culture to culture ; nevertheless there are scientific methods which can be applied across cultures when examining ancient beliefs.

In 2000, an excavation focusing on ancient ruins on Nelson's Island under Italian archaeologist Paolo Gallo uncovered a number of graves that date from the battle, as well as others buried there during the 1801 invasion.

In ancient Greece, beginning in the early 1st millennium AD, there emerged independent city-states that evolved for the first time the notion of citizenship, becoming in the process the archetype of the free city, the polis.

In contrast, there was an Old Text school that advocated the use of Confucian works written in ancient language ( from this comes the denomination Old Text ) that were so much more reliable.

#" In parallel passages, whether of the New or Old Testament, especially in the Synoptic Gospels, which ancient copyists continually brought into increased accordance, those testimonies are preferable, in which precise accordance of such parallel passages is not found ; unless, indeed, there are important reasons to the contrary.

Solomonic columns were developed in the ancient world, but remained rare there.

According to Needham, though there is no way of answering the question of whether the crossbow first arose among the cultures neighboring ancient China before the rise of Chinese culture in their midst, or whether it spread outwards from China to all the environing peoples, the former seems the more probable hypothesis given linguistic evidence, which posits that the Chinese word for ' crossbow ' came from an Austroasiatic language.

What is clear is that formally, there is mostly peaceful living side by side, with strong inter-dialogue at many levels to reconcile past differences between the two groups, and many Christians emphasize common historical heritage and religious continuity with the ancient spiritual lineage of the Jews.

While there is no universally accepted definition of " democracy ," equality and freedom have both been identified as important characteristics of democracy since ancient times.

The opening sentence of the book created a classic Spanish cliché with the phrase (" whose name I do not wish to recall "): (" In a village of La Mancha, whose name I do not wish to recall, there lived, not very long ago, one of those gentlemen with a lance in the lance-rack, an ancient shield, a skinny old horse, and a fast greyhound.