A bit ( a contraction of binary digit ) is the basic capacity of information in computing and telecommunications ; a bit can have the value of either 1 or 0 ( one or zero ) only.

The byte () is a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that most commonly consists of eight bits.

In computing, a binary prefix is a specifier or mnemonic that is prepended to the units of digital information, the bit and the byte, to indicate multiplication by a power of 1024.

Bioinformatics also deals with algorithms, databases and information systems, web technologies, artificial intelligence and soft computing, information and computation theory, structural biology, software engineering, data mining, image processing, modeling and simulation, discrete mathematics, control and system theory, circuit theory, and statistics.

Thus, computing includes designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide range of purposes ; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information ; doing scientific studies using computers ; making computer systems behave intelligently ; creating and using communications and entertainment media ; finding and gathering information relevant to any particular purpose, and so on.

For example, an information systems specialist will view computing somewhat differently from a software engineer.

Computer science or computing science ( abbreviated CS or compsci ) is the scientific and mathematical approach in information technology and computing.

** Character ( computing ), a unit of information roughly corresponding to a grapheme

See the discussion on the relationship between key lengths and quantum computing attacks at the bottom of this page for more information.

Computation is any type of calculation or use of computing technology in information processing.

* Garbage collection consumes computing resources in deciding which memory to free, even though the programmer may have already known this information.

In computing, memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs ( sequences of instructions ) or data ( e. g. program state information ) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device.

It is most commonly used in computing and electronics, especially where real-world information is converted to binary numeric form as in digital audio and digital photography.

Data typically reside in the storage in structures that look completely different from the way the data look in the conceptual and external levels, but in ways that attempt to optimize ( the best possible ) these levels ' reconstruction when needed by users and programs, as well as for computing additional types of needed information from the data ( e. g., when querying the database ).

* In parallel computing, all processors may have access to a shared memory to exchange information between processors.

Data typically reside in the storage in structures that look completely different from the way the data look in the conceptual and external levels, but in ways that attempt to optimize ( the best possible ) these levels ' reconstruction when needed by users and programs, as well as for computing additional types of needed information from the data ( e. g., when querying the database ).

The event will offer approximately 200 software-related sessions on application transformation, Converged Infrastructure, information optimization, mobile devices, webOS, global data centers, security, hybrid delivery and cloud computing.

It was most popular in the early days of computing, but applies even more today, when powerful computers can spew out mountains of erroneous information in a short time.

This means that the computing systems used to store and process the information, the security controls used to protect it, and the communication channels used to access it must be functioning correctly.

Logical controls ( also called technical controls ) use software and data to monitor and control access to information and computing systems.

Authorization to access information and other computing services begins with administrative policies and procedures.

The implication of this attack is that all data encrypted using current standards based security systems such as the ubiquitous SSL used to protect e-commerce and Internet banking and SSH used to protect access to sensitive computing systems is at risk.

Mainstream symmetric ciphers ( such as AES or Twofish ) and collision resistant hash functions ( such as SHA ) are widely conjectured to offer greater security against known quantum computing attacks.

There are 4 approaches to security in computing, sometimes a combination of approaches is valid:

* Cloud computing security

In recent years these terms have found their way into the fields of computing and information security.

It is, in a sense, a security exploit in that the program implementing the parasitic computing has no authority to consume resources made available to the other program.

Both practical and theoretical research continues, and many national government and military funding agencies support quantum computing research to develop quantum computers for both civilian and national security purposes, such as cryptanalysis.

:: See secure computing for a discussion of computer security using this approach.

SSH is important in cloud computing to solve connectivity problems, avoiding the security issues of exposing a cloud-based virtual machine directly on the Internet.

* The LLNL is very strong in computer science, with thrust areas in computing applications and research, integrated computing and communications systems, and cyber security.

* Bypass ( computing ), in computing, circumventing security features in hacking, or taking a different approach to an issue in troubleshooting

The trusted computing base ( TCB ) of a computer system is the set of all hardware, firmware, and / or software components that are critical to its security, in the sense that bugs or vulnerabilities occurring inside the TCB might jeopardize the security properties of the entire system.

The careful design and implementation of a system's trusted computing base is paramount to its overall security.

: < nowiki ></ nowiki > he ability of a trusted computing base to enforce correctly a unified security policy depends on the correctness of the mechanisms within the trusted computing base, the protection of those mechanisms to ensure their correctness, and the correct input of parameters related to the security policy.

Systems that don't have a trusted computing base as part of their design do not provide security of their own: they are only secure insofar as security is provided to them by external means ( e. g. a computer sitting in a locked room without a network connection may be considered secure depending on the policy, regardless of the software it runs ).

The method used in computing the allotments is specifically set forth in the Act.

The method used for computing the respective Federal and State shares in total program costs is specifically set forth in the Act.

Actually, the engine displacement formula is the standard formula for computing the volume of a cylinder of any type with an added factor that represents the number of cylinders in the engine.

But humans can do something equally useful, in the case of certain enumerably infinite sets: They can give explicit instructions for determining the nth member of the set, for arbitrary finite n. Such instructions are to be given quite explicitly, in a form in which they could be followed by a computing machine, or by a human who is capable of carrying out only very elementary operations on symbols.

This means that the programmer must know a " language " that is effective relative to the target computing agent ( computer / computor ).

The first approach is to compute the statistical moments by separating the data into bins and then computing the moments from the geometry of the resulting histogram, which effectively becomes a one-pass algorithm for higher moments.

In computing, an applet is any small application that performs one specific task that runs within the scope of a larger program, often as a plug-in.

This technique is the most widespread method of computing amplitudes in quantum field theory today.

The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the sequential fraction of the program.

It is often used in parallel computing to predict the theoretical maximum speedup using multiple processors.

The speedup of a program using multiple processors in parallel computing is limited by the time needed for the sequential fraction of the program.

For this reason, parallel computing is only useful for either small numbers of processors, or problems with very high values of P: so-called embarrassingly parallel problems.

The Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ) is a learned society for computing.

It was founded in 1947 and is the world's largest and most prestigious scientific and educational computing society.

Unlike the IEEE, however, the ACM is solely dedicated to computing.

Although Communications no longer publishes primary research, and is not considered a prestigious venue, many of the great debates and results in computing history have been published in its pages.

ACM – W, the ACM's committee on women in computing, is set up to support, inform, celebrate, and work with women in computing.

It is quite conventional in principle in past and present computing machines of the most varied types, e. g. desk multipliers, standard IBM counters, more modern relay machines, the ENIAC " ( Goldstine and von Neumann, 1946 ; p. 98 in Bell and Newell 1971 ).

In quantum computing, a quantum bit or qubit is a quantum system that can exist in superposition of two bit values, " true " and " false ".

Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, which has more than 16, 000 member companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics.

The number of legitimate walks and at-bats are known for all players that year, so computing averages using the same method as in other years is straightforward.

In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal ( BCD ) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each decimal digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight, although other sizes ( such as six bits ) have been used historically.