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In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key.
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cryptography and block
The introduction of DES is considered to have been a catalyst for the academic study of cryptography, particularly of methods to crack block ciphers.
In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm ( IDEA ) is a block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991.
* MARS ( cryptography ), a block cipher that was IBM's submission to the Advanced Encryption Standard process.
In cryptography, a random function can be a useful building block in enabling cryptographic protocols.
In cryptography, Triple DES is the common name for the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm ( TDEA or Triple DEA ) block cipher, which applies the Data Encryption Standard ( DES ) cipher algorithm three times to each data block.
In cryptography, he designed with Eli Biham the BEAR, LION and Tiger cryptographic primitives, and coauthored with Biham and Lars Knudsen the block cipher Serpent, one of the finalists in the AES competition.
* Cipher block chaining, in cryptography: a block cipher mode that provides confidentiality but not message integrity
In cryptography, RC5 is a block cipher notable for its simplicity.
A block cipher is one of the most basic primitives in cryptography, and frequently used for data encryption.
In cryptography, modes of operation is the procedure of enabling the repeated and secure use of a block cipher under a single key.
In cryptography, RC6 is a symmetric key block cipher derived from RC5.
The ASF container can optionally support digital rights management using a combination of elliptic curve cryptography key exchange, DES block cipher, a custom block cipher, RC4 stream cipher and the SHA-1 hashing function.
In cryptography, CAST-128 ( alternatively CAST5 ) is a block cipher used in a number of products, notably as the default cipher in some versions of GPG and PGP.
* CRYPTON, a block cipher in cryptography
An analysis of an older scheme used in WMA reveals that it is using a combination of elliptic curve cryptography key exchange, DES block cipher, a custom block cipher, RC4 stream cipher and the SHA-1 hashing function.
In modern cryptography, symmetric key ciphers are generally divided into stream ciphers and block ciphers.
In cryptography, 3-Way is a block cipher designed in 1994 by Joan Daemen.
* Block size ( cryptography ), the minimal unit of data for block ciphers.
In cryptography, a Feistel cipher is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after the German-born physicist and cryptographer Horst Feistel who did pioneering research while working for IBM ( USA ); it is also commonly known as a Feistel network.
In cryptography, Lucifer was the name given to several of the earliest civilian block ciphers, developed by Horst Feistel and his colleagues at IBM.
cryptography and cipher
In cryptography, a cipher ( or cypher ) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption — a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure.
In non-technical usage, a " cipher " is the same thing as a " code "; however, the concepts are distinct in cryptography.
In cryptography, key size or key length is the size measured in bits of the key used in a cryptographic algorithm ( such as a cipher ).
In cryptography, encryption is the process of transforming information ( referred to as plaintext ) using an algorithm ( called a cipher ) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key.
The polyalphabetic cipher was, at least in principle, for it was not properly used for several hundred years, the most significant advance in cryptography since before Julius Caesar's time.
* Block cipher modes of operation, in cryptography
In cryptography, RC4 ( also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR meaning Alleged RC4, see below ) is the most widely used software stream cipher and is used in popular protocols such as Secure Sockets Layer ( SSL ) ( to protect Internet traffic ) and WEP ( to secure wireless networks ).
The term cypherpunk, derived from cipher and punk, was coined by Jude Milhon as a pun to describe cyberpunks who used cryptography.
In the history of cryptography, Typex ( alternatively, Type X or TypeX ) machines were British cipher machines used from 1937.
In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encryption by which units of plaintext are replaced with ciphertext, according to a regular system ; the " units " may be single letters ( the most common ), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth.
In cryptography, a transposition cipher is a method of encryption by which the positions held by units of plaintext ( which are commonly characters or groups of characters ) are shifted according to a regular system, so that the ciphertext constitutes a permutation of the plaintext.
In other words, two successive applications of ROT13 restore the original text ( in mathematics, this is sometimes called an involution ; in cryptography, a reciprocal cipher ).
In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques.
In cryptography, a stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream ( keystream ).
As with other attacks in cryptography, stream cipher attacks can be certificational, meaning they aren't necessarily practical ways to break the cipher but indicate that the cipher might have other weaknesses.
cryptography and is
The latter is more cumbersome to use, so it's only employed when necessary, for example in the analysis of arbitrary-precision arithmetic algorithms, like those used in cryptography.
* symmetric key algorithms ( Private-key cryptography ), where the same key is used for encryption and decryption, and
It is one of the earliest practical examples of key exchange implemented within the field of cryptography.
" An astonishing share of the open literature in cryptography in the 1970s and 1980s dealt with the DES, and the DES is the standard against which every symmetric key algorithm since has been compared.
Elliptic curve cryptography ( ECC ) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields.
Public-key cryptography is based on the intractability of certain mathematical problems.
Elliptic curve cryptography is vulnerable to a modified Shor's algorithm for solving the discrete logarithm problem on elliptic curves.
The result of the process is information ( in cryptography, referred to as ciphertext ).
Factorization of large integers is believed to be a computationally very difficult problem, and the security of many modern cryptography systems is based upon its infeasibility.
The Communications-Electronics Security Group ( CESG ) of GCHQ provides assistance to government departments on their own communications security: CESG is the UK national technical authority for information assurance, including cryptography.
Although related, the distinctions among these measures mean that a random variable with high Shannon entropy is not necessarily satisfactory for use in an extractor and so for cryptography uses.
Information security uses cryptography to transform usable information into a form that renders it unusable by anyone other than an authorized user ; this process is called encryption.
The presumed difficulty of this problem is at the heart of widely used algorithms in cryptography such as RSA.
This will have significant implications for cryptography if a large quantum computer is ever built.
The problem often arises in resource allocation where there are financial constraints and is studied in fields such as combinatorics, computer science, complexity theory, cryptography and applied mathematics.
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