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In cryptography, a key-agreement protocol is a protocol whereby two or more parties can agree on a key in such a way that both influence the outcome.
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cryptography and key-agreement
In an authenticated key-agreement protocol that uses public key cryptography, perfect forward secrecy ( or PFS ) is the property that ensures that a session key derived from a set of long-term public and private keys will not be compromised if one of the ( long-term ) private keys is compromised in the future.
cryptography and protocol
* Quantum cryptography protocol, a protocol for encrypting messages
* Socialist Millionaire Problem, a protocol in cryptography for two parties to verify the identity of the remote party through the use of a shared secret
* neural cryptography # Neural key exchange protocol
* Voice over Internet protocol ( VOIP ) vs. conventional telephony: Although conventional telephony systems are easily tapped and recorded, modern VOIP technology can employ low cost strong cryptography to evade surveillance.
It uses SSL / TLS to protect communications with web servers using strong cryptography when using the HTTPS protocol.
* Replay attack, in cryptography, an attack where an adversary interferes with a cryptographic protocol by inserting ( a part of ) a message that has been sent previously in a protocol run
In cryptography, security ( engineering ) protocol notation is a way of expressing a protocol of correspondence between entities of a dynamic system, such as a computer network.
" Kak's three stage protocol " is a protocol for quantum cryptography suggested by Kak.
In cryptography, the Zimmermann – Sassaman key-signing protocol is a protocol to speed up the public key fingerprint verification part of a key signing party.
* Oblivious transfer, a type of cryptography protocol
In cryptography, a zero-knowledge proof or zero-knowledge protocol is an interactive method for one party to prove to another that a ( usually mathematical ) statement is true, without revealing anything other than the veracity of the statement.
In cryptography, an oblivious transfer protocol ( often abbreviated OT ) is a type of protocol in which a sender transfers one of potentially many pieces of information to a receiver, but remains oblivious as to what piece ( if any ) has been transferred.
In cryptography, Merkle's Puzzles is an early construction for a public-key cryptosystem, a protocol devised by Ralph Merkle in 1974 and published in 1978.
The FIREFLY protocol uses public key cryptography to exchange keys between two participants of a secured call.
In cryptography, a private information retrieval ( PIR ) protocol allows a user to retrieve an item from a server in possession of a database without revealing which item she is retrieving.
In 1984, together with Charles H. Bennett, he invented the BB84 protocol for quantum cryptography.
* Zimmermann – Sassaman key-signing protocol, in cryptography
cryptography and is
The latter is more cumbersome to use, so it's only employed when necessary, for example in the analysis of arbitrary-precision arithmetic algorithms, like those used in cryptography.
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key.
In cryptography, a cipher ( or cypher ) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption — a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure.
In non-technical usage, a " cipher " is the same thing as a " code "; however, the concepts are distinct in cryptography.
* symmetric key algorithms ( Private-key cryptography ), where the same key is used for encryption and decryption, and
In cryptography, key size or key length is the size measured in bits of the key used in a cryptographic algorithm ( such as a cipher ).
It is one of the earliest practical examples of key exchange implemented within the field of cryptography.
The introduction of DES is considered to have been a catalyst for the academic study of cryptography, particularly of methods to crack block ciphers.
" An astonishing share of the open literature in cryptography in the 1970s and 1980s dealt with the DES, and the DES is the standard against which every symmetric key algorithm since has been compared.
Elliptic curve cryptography ( ECC ) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields.
Public-key cryptography is based on the intractability of certain mathematical problems.
Elliptic curve cryptography is vulnerable to a modified Shor's algorithm for solving the discrete logarithm problem on elliptic curves.
In cryptography, encryption is the process of transforming information ( referred to as plaintext ) using an algorithm ( called a cipher ) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key.
The result of the process is information ( in cryptography, referred to as ciphertext ).
Factorization of large integers is believed to be a computationally very difficult problem, and the security of many modern cryptography systems is based upon its infeasibility.
The Communications-Electronics Security Group ( CESG ) of GCHQ provides assistance to government departments on their own communications security: CESG is the UK national technical authority for information assurance, including cryptography.
Although related, the distinctions among these measures mean that a random variable with high Shannon entropy is not necessarily satisfactory for use in an extractor and so for cryptography uses.
Information security uses cryptography to transform usable information into a form that renders it unusable by anyone other than an authorized user ; this process is called encryption.
In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm ( IDEA ) is a block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991.
The presumed difficulty of this problem is at the heart of widely used algorithms in cryptography such as RSA.
This will have significant implications for cryptography if a large quantum computer is ever built.
The problem often arises in resource allocation where there are financial constraints and is studied in fields such as combinatorics, computer science, complexity theory, cryptography and applied mathematics.
cryptography and two
Algorithms used earlier in the history of cryptography are substantially different from modern methods, and modern ciphers can be classified according to how they operate and whether they use one or two keys.
* asymmetric key algorithms ( Public-key cryptography ), where two different keys are used for encryption and decryption.
Public-key cryptography refers to a cryptographic system requiring two separate keys, one of which is secret and one of which is public.
The two main uses for public-key cryptography are:
During the early history of cryptography, two parties would rely upon a key using a secure, but non-cryptographic, method.
In other words, two successive applications of ROT13 restore the original text ( in mathematics, this is sometimes called an involution ; in cryptography, a reciprocal cipher ).
In cryptography, coincidence counting is the technique ( invented by William F. Friedman ) of putting two texts side-by-side and counting the number of times that identical letters appear in the same position in both texts.
* Public-key cryptography ( asymmetric key algorithm ): two different keys are used for encryption and decryption
Public-key cryptography can be used to encrypt data communicated between two parties.
During the War, Arlington Hall was in many respects similar to Bletchley Park in England, only one of two primary cryptography operations in Washington ( the other was the Naval Communications Annex, also housed in a commandeered private girls ' school ).
In cryptography, MD5CRK was a distributed effort ( similar to distributed. net ) launched by Jean-Luc Cooke and his company, CertainKey Cryptosystems, to demonstrate that the MD5 message digest algorithm is insecure by finding a collision — two messages that produce the same MD5 hash.
In cryptography, confusion and diffusion are two properties of the operation of a secure cipher which were identified by Claude Shannon in his paper Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems, published in 1949.
In cryptography, a trusted third party ( TTP ) is an entity which facilitates interactions between two parties who both trust the third party ; The Third Party reviews all critical transaction communications between the parties, based on the ease of creating fraudulent digital content.
In cryptography, a product cipher combines two or more transformations in a manner intending that the resulting cipher is more secure than the individual components to make it resistant to cryptanalysis.
The two men talked about a range of subjects until, at the end, Diffie asked Ellis " Tell me how you invented public-key cryptography ".
In loose Polish parlance, the term " cipher " (" szyfr ") refers to both these two principal categories of cryptography.
In cryptography, Khufu and Khafre are two block ciphers designed by Ralph Merkle in 1989 while working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center.
In cryptography, a collision attack on a cryptographic hash tries to find two arbitrary inputs that will produce the same hash value, i. e. a hash collision.
In classical cryptography, the trifid cipher is a cipher invented around 1901 by Felix Delastelle, which extends the concept of the bifid cipher to a third dimension, allowing each symbol to be fractionated into 3 elements instead of two.
In cryptography, a password-authenticated key agreement method is an interactive method for two or more parties to establish cryptographic keys based on one or more party's knowledge of a password.
Password-based cryptography generally refers to two distinct classes of methods:
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