Durand did not pursue food canning himself, but, in 1812, sold his patent to two Englishmen, Bryan Donkin and John Hall, who set up a commercial canning factory, and by 1813 were producing their first canned goods for the British Army.

Peter Durand was a British merchant who is widely credited with receiving the first patent for the idea of preserving food using tin cans.

The patent specifies that it was issued to Peter Durand, a merchant of Hoxton Square, Middlesex, United Kingdom, for a method of preserving animal food, vegetable food and other perishable articles using various vessels made of glass, pottery, tin or other suitable metals.

The patent itself consists of two distinct parts: first, the description of the original idea, and second, observations by Durand himself.

However, Appert used exclusively glass vessels whereas Durand was the first to mention in a patent use of tin cans.

After receiving the patent, Durand did not pursue canning food himself.

In 1818, Durand introduced tin cans in the United States by re-patenting his British patent in the US.

The relation between Durand and Girard has not been advertised, and the credit for the first canned food patent remains with Durand.

After the expiration of the first ( 1978 ) arithmetic coding patent, range encoding appeared to clearly be free of patent encumbrances.

Although the simple expansion concept diverged from Mallet's original patent, the locomotives were clearly a continuation of the concept and were conveniently still referred to as " Mallet " locomotives.

The patent clearly does not describe the product recognized as Portland cement today.

That is particularly relevant when the value of the patent is not clearly known before the adoption of the standard.

The Court ruled, "… a process patent in the chemical field, which has not been developed and pointed to the degree of specific utility, creates a monopoly of knowledge which should be granted only if clearly commanded by the statute.

The expression " software patent " itself has not been clearly defined.

The requirement to clearly define the metes and bounds of a claim is found in United States patent law at least at 35 U. S. C.

They found that the wording in the narrowed claims was too vague to clearly identify exactly what Smucker's is trying to patent.

Although it was without knowledge of chaos theory that Herbert Sellner invented the ride, in his patent text he clearly demonstrates an appreciation of chaos -- " A further object is to provide amusement apparatus wherein the riders will be moved in general through an orbit and will unexpectedly swing, snap from side to side or rotate without in any way being able to figure what movement may next take place in the car.

The City of Inverness, for which letters patent were granted in 2001, may be supposed to lie within the Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey constituency, but this city lacks clearly defined boundaries.

Here, Justice Kennedy said, the design was clearly functional, and the plaintiff could not carry the burden of proving otherwise because the very characteristic that is sought to be protected by trademark is the one whose functionality was previously sought to be covered by patent.

This patent described the alcoholysis ( often referred to as transesterification ) of vegetable oils using ethanol ( and mentions methanol ) in order to separate the fatty acids from the glycerol by replacing the glycerol with short linear alcohols.

The PUREX process was invented by Herbert H. Anderson and Larned B. Asprey at the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago, as part of the Manhattan Project under Glenn T. Seaborg ; their patent " Solvent Extraction Process for Plutonium " filed in 1947, mentions tributyl phosphate as the major reactant which accomplishes the bulk of the chemical extraction.

Although Swift knew that the Duchess of Kendal was responsible for selling the patent to Wood, he rarely mentions this fact in the Letters.

Swift also admits to actively working against the patent, and mentions how his " On Doing Good " sermon is similar to the ideas expressed by the Drapier.

* The patent specification mentions the use of a protective layer ( s ) or coating to prevent scratching during handling, but the layer does not offer significant benefits, as its task is merely to protect.

The idea was never commercialized, but Lincoln is the only president to hold a patent.

It is a form of intellectual property ( like the patent, the trademark, and the trade secret ) applicable to any expressible form of an idea or information that is substantive and discrete.

The enhanced idea gained Eiffel's support for the project, and he bought the rights to the patent on the design which Koechlin, Nougier and Sauvestre had taken out.

As the National Science Foundation notes, " The patent included the idea of using NMR to ' scan ' the human body to locate cancerous tissue.

He filed a patent for his idea of a simple nuclear reactor the following year.

There is an argument amongst historians that Morse may have received the idea of a plausible telegraph from Harrison Gray Dyar some eighteen years earlier than his patent.

The turbocharger was invented by Swiss engineer Alfred Büchi ( 1879-1959 ), the head of diesel engine research at Gebruder Sulzer engine manufacturing company in Winterhur, who received a patent in 1905 for using a compressor driven by exhaust gasses to force air into a diesel engine to increase power output but it took another 20 years for the idea to come to fruition.

One unusual idea, which never saw service, was the ability to connect several independent airship elements like train wagons ; indeed, the patent title called the design Lenkbarer Luftfahrzug ( steerable air train ).

Bessemer also obtained a patent in 1857 for the casting of metal between contrarotating rollers-a forerunner of today's continuous casting processes and remarkably, Bessemer's original idea has been implemented in the direct continuous casting of steel strip.

A number of improvements were also made to ENIAC after 1948, including a primitive read-only stored programming mechanism using the Function Tables as program ROM, an idea included in ENIAC patent and proposed independently by Dr. Richard Clippinger of the BRL.

Joshua Shaw, an English-born American, is sometimes credited with the development of the first metallic percussion cap in 1814, but his claim remains clouded with controversy as he did not patent the idea until 1822.

Schlessinger claims to have initiated the idea of this use in combination therapy, but had not documented his research and ideas as thoroughly, leaving him forced to rely on his recollections of the events that led to the patent filing some 17 years before Yeda mounted their challenge.

The idea was to require an inventor to disclose his invention in exchange for monopoly rights to the patent.

Several researchers in the late 1940s, including Jay Forrester, conceived the idea of using magnetic cores for computer memory, but Forrester received the principal patent for his invention of the co-incident core memory that enabled the 3D storage of information.

He was unable to secure funding to renew the US $ 120, 000 worldwide patent, so it lapsed and Kramer never profited from his idea.

Although Fuller was not the original inventor, he developed the intrinsic mathematics of the dome, thereby allowing popularization of the idea — for which he received U. S. patent 2, 682, 235 29 June 1954.

Marsh was issued a U. S. patent for the general idea of a rack railway in September 1861, and in January 1867 for a practical rack where the gear teeth take the form of rollers arranged like the rungs of a ladder between two L-shaped wrought-iron rails.

It is not clear where his idea of an automatic telephone exchange was originally conceived, but his patent application identifies him as being a resident of Kansas City, Missouri on March 10, 1891.

The idea was not implemented in the USA until 1962, when it was used by U. S. military ships during a blockade of Cuba after the patent had expired.

The open patent idea is designed to be practiced by consortia of research-oriented companies and increasingly by standards bodies.

Although successful at this for the most part, his preoccupation with marketing strategies and patent protection caused him to miss a great opportunity in firearms development when he dismissed an idea from one of his gunsmiths, Rollin White.

Robertson, although he was not the first person to patent the idea of socket-head screws, was the first person to successfully commercialize them, starting in 1908.

The SWATH form was invented by Canadian Frederick G. Creed, who presented his idea in 1938 and was later awarded a British patent for it in 1946.

Malsted received royalties of $ 60, 000 to $ 70, 000 annually for 17 years on her patent for the Slinky pull-toy idea, but never visited the plant.

Additionally, in Mazer v. Stein, 347 U. S. 201, 217 ( 1954 ), the Supreme Court stated " Unlike a patent, a copyright gives no exclusive right to the art disclosed ; protection is given only to the expression of the idea — not the idea itself.