When murmur is included under the term aspiration, as is common in Indo-Aryan linguistics, " voiceless aspiration " is called just that to avoid ambiguity.

In linguistics, some authors use the term phrase structure grammar to refer to context-free grammars, whereby phrase structure grammars are distinct from dependency grammars.

Evolutionary linguistics is a cover term for the scientific study of both the origins and development of language as well as the cultural evolution of languages.

* English as a lingua franca, a linguistics term for the use of English between speakers of different varieties of English, describing communication that involves people who do not consider English their first language

A false etymology ( pseudoetymology, paraetymology or paretymology ), sometimes called folk etymology although this is also a technical term in linguistics, is a popularly held but false belief about the origins of specific words, often originating in " common-sense " assumptions.

In many language descriptions, particularly those of traditional European linguistics, the term tense is erroneously used to refer to categories that do not have time reference as their prototypical use, but rather are grammaticalisations of mood / modality ( e. g. uncertainty, possibility, evidentiality ) or aspect ( e. g. frequency, completion, duration ).

As of 1987, he replaced the term " mass comparison " with " multilateral comparison ", to emphasize its contrast with the bilateral comparisons recommended in linguistics textbooks.

The term ' family ' comes from the tree model of language origination in historical linguistics, which makes use of a metaphor comparing languages to people in a biological family tree or in a subsequent modification to species in a phylogenetic tree of evolutionary taxonomy.

But Halliday ’ s conception of grammar – or ‘ lexicogrammar ’ ( a term he coined to argue that lexis and grammar are part of the same phenomenon ) – is based on a more general theory of language as a social semiotic resource, or a ‘ meaning potential ’ ( see systemic functional linguistics ).

The term natural language refers to actual linguistic behavior, and is aligned with descriptive linguistics rather than linguistic prescription.

In linguistics, the term noun class refers to a system of categorizing nouns.

The latter term was first used by Kenneth Pike, who also generalized the concepts of emic and etic description ( from phonemic and phonetic respectively ) to applications outside linguistics.

Because of its focus on historical development ( diachronic analysis ), philology came to be used as a term contrasting with linguistics.

The meaning of " love of learning and literature " was narrowed to " the study of the historical development of languages " ( historical linguistics ) in 19th-century usage of the term.

" Social science " is commonly used as an umbrella term to refer to anthropology, archaeology, criminology, economics, education, history, linguistics, communication studies, political science and international relations, sociology, geography, law, social work and psychology.

Peirce's definition of the term " semiotic " as the study of necessary features of signs also has the effect of distinguishing the discipline from linguistics as the study of contingent features that the world's languages happen to have acquired in the course of human evolution.

" Anglo-Saxon " in linguistics is still used as a term for the original West Germanic component of the modern English language, which was later expanded and developed through the influence of Old Norse and Norman French, though linguists now more often refer to it as Old English.

* Transparency ( linguistic ), a term used in linguistics and the philosophy of language

Speech act is a technical term in linguistics and the philosophy of language.

The term ’ s origin is, the meaning point of reference in contemporary linguistics having been taken over from Chrysippus.

The usual usage of the term ' transformation ' in linguistics refers to a rule that takes an input typically called the Deep Structure ( in the Standard Theory ) or D-structure ( in the extended standard theory or government and binding theory ) and changes it in some restricted way to result in a Surface Structure ( or S-structure ).

* Philosophy-many technical terms, including the term philosophy itself, derive from Greek dominance in philosophy, mathematics, linguistics, economic theory and political theory in Roman times.

The term dialect has two distinct meanings in linguistics.

* Negation ( linguistics ) – Linguistic term referring to words such as not, nobody, and nothing

Typography is modulated by orthography and linguistics, word structures, word frequencies, morphology, phonetic constructs and linguistic syntax.

But it is worth pondering that very little has been published on any phase of field techniques in linguistics.

The joint investigations of linguistics and psychiatry have established, in point of fact, that no matter what the subject of conversation is or what words are involved, it is impossible for people to talk at all without telling over and over again what sort of people they are and how they relate to the rest of the world.

In the United States, anthropology is traditionally divided into five sub-fields, each with additional branches: biological or physical anthropology, social anthropology or cultural anthropology, archaeology and anthropological linguistics.

In linguistics, an allomorph is a variant form of a morpheme.

In linguistics, ablative case ( abbreviated ) is a cases ( noun inflections ) in various languages whose common characteristic is that inter alia they mark motion away from something, though the details in each language may differ.

Abstraction is frequently applied in linguistics so as to allow phenomena of language to be analyzed at the desired level of detail.

This debate is analogous to that surrounding the Sapir – Whorf hypothesis in linguistics and cognitive science, which postulates that a particular spoken language's nature influences the habitual thought of its speakers.

Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective.

Computational linguistics as a field predates artificial intelligence, a field under which it is often grouped.

Nowadays research within the scope of computational linguistics is done at computational linguistics departments, computational linguistics laboratories, computer science departments, and linguistics departments .< ref >

Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field with contributors from various fields, including psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, philosophy of mind, computer science, anthropology, sociology, and biology.

The study of language processing in cognitive science is closely tied to the field of linguistics.

In linguistics, a copula ( plural: copulas or copulae ) is a word used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate ( a subject complement ).

In linguistics, a collective noun is the name of a number ( or collection ) of people or things taken together and spoken of as one whole.

In linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor, as opposed to the method of internal reconstruction, which analyzes the internal development of a single language over time.

In linguistics, creaky voice ( sometimes called laryngealisation, pulse phonation, vocal fry, or glottal fry ), is a special kind of phonation in which the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx are drawn together ; as a result, the vocal folds are compressed rather tightly, becoming relatively slack and compact.

Westermann is seen as one of the founders of modern African linguistics.