The improvement was most noticeable in the greater consistency among reaction cells prepared as a group on the same manifold.

Among this latter group there were also differences in the amount and kind of information necessary before a shift in reaction occurred.

Spoilage by chemical action results from the reaction of one group of components in the food with others or with its environment, as in corrosion of the walls of metal containers or the reaction of fats with oxygen in the air to produce rancidity.

They are composed of two monosaccharide units bound together by a covalent bond known as a glycosidic linkage formed via a dehydration reaction, resulting in the loss of a hydrogen atom from one monosaccharide and a hydroxyl group from the other.

Another approach used is the reaction of di-functional monomers, with one amine and one carboxylic acid group on the same molecule:

In this Paterno – Büchi reaction, a photoexcited carbonyl group is added to an unexcited olefin, yielding an oxetane.

In a substitution reaction, a functional group in a particular chemical compound is replaced by another group.

In contrast to the E1 eliminations, different stereochemical configurations are possible for the reaction product in the E2 mechanism, because the attack of the base preferentially occurs in the anti-position with respect to the leaving group.

This process is often associated with an elimination, so that after the reaction the carbonyl group is present again.

This reaction is often catalyzed by acids or bases, where the acids increase by the electrophilicity of the carbonyl group by binding to the oxygen atom, whereas the bases enhance the nucleophilicity of the attacking nucleophile.

It involves the group's initial reaction or interaction, influencing the individual's actual behavior towards the group or the group leader, restricting members of one group from opportunities or privileges that are available to another group, leading to the exclusion of the individual or entities based on logical or irrational decision making.

As a reaction to the artistic and economic stagnation of German cinema, a group of young film-makers issued the Oberhausen Manifesto on February 28, 1962.

The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction ( s ) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of.

Collective guilt ( or group guilt ) is the unpleasant and often emotional reaction that results among a group of individuals when it is perceived that the group illegitimately harmed members of another group.

In 1934, the authorities of the Basel-Stadt canton criminalized anti-Jewish hate speech, e. g. the accusation of ritual murders, mostly in reaction against a pro-nazi antisemitic group and newspaper, the Volksbund.

In this reaction, a base, usually triethylamine, removes the acidic proton alpha to the carbonyl group, inducing the formation of the carbon-carbon double bond and the loss of a chloride ion.

Demethylation ( the transfer of the methyl group to another compound ) is a common process, and reagents that undergo this reaction are called methylating agents.

A previously extinguished conditioned reaction was restored in monkey A and was associated with typical signs of emotional excitement including sympathetic discharges.

Further research in the meaning of crises as experienced by the consumers of traditional social casework services -- including attempts to develop a typology of family structures, crisis problems, reaction mechanisms, and differential treatment approaches -- and the establishment of new experimental programs are imperative social needs which should command the best efforts of caseworkers in collaboration with community planners.

** Systems Biology comes under this category including reaction fluxes and variable concentrations of metabolites

Solid materials that can sustain a smoldering reaction include coal, cellulose, wood, cotton, tobacco, peat, duff, humus, synthetic foams, charring polymers including polyurethane foam, and dust.

In the ensuing crossfire that followed the military's reaction, scores of people lost their lives, as did most of the guerrillas, including several high-ranking operatives.

The general concept of a chemical reaction has been extended to non-chemical reactions between entities smaller than atoms, including nuclear reactions, radioactive decays, and reactions between elementary particles as described by quantum field theory.

* This is a subtle form of suffering arising as a reaction to qualities of conditioned things, including the skandhas, the factors constituting the human mind.

Exploiting his androgynous appearance, the original cover of the UK version unveiled two months later would depict the singer wearing a dress: taking the garment with him, he wore it during interviews — to the approval of critics, including Rolling Stones John Mendelsohn who described him as " ravishing, almost disconcertingly reminiscent of Lauren Bacall "— and in the street, to mixed reaction including laughter and, in the case of one male pedestrian, producing a gun and telling Bowie to " kiss my ass ".

For an exothermic reaction at constant pressure, the system's change in enthalpy equals the energy released in the reaction, including the energy retained in the system and lost through expansion against its surroundings.

In a similar manner, for an endothermic reaction, the system's change in enthalpy is equal to the energy absorbed in the reaction, including the energy lost by the system and gained from compression from its surroundings.

The bill specifically exempts fantasy sports games, educational games, or any online contest that " has an outcome that reflects the relative knowledge of the participants, or their skill at physical reaction or physical manipulation ( but not chance ), and, in the case of a fantasy or simulation sports game, has an outcome that is determined predominantly by accumulated statistical results of sporting events, including any non-participant's individual performances in such sporting events ..."

The reaction to Napoleon's conquests of German countries during the era of the French Revolution ( 1790s to 1815 ), produced important institutional reforms, including the abolition of feudal restrictions on the sale of large landed estates, the reduction of the power of the guilds in the cities, and the introduction of a new, more efficient commercial law.

In a partial reaction, Pope Pius XI wrote the encyclical Casti connubii ( On Christian Marriage ) in 1930, reaffirming the Catholic Church's belief in various traditional Christian teachings on marriage and sexuality, including the prohibition of artificial birth control even within marriage.

" U. S. legislators, including Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, also condemned both the burning and the violence in reaction to it.

peroxidase, another peroxisomal enzyme, uses this H < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 2 </ sub > to oxidize other substrates, including phenols, formic acid, formaldehyde, and alcohol, by means of the peroxidation reaction:

The positive reaction to the Blade Runner Director's Cut encouraged Scott to re-cut several movies that were a disappointment at the time of their release ( including Legend and Kingdom of Heaven ).

The air interacting with the sails of a sailing vessel creates various forces, including reaction forces.

There are usually multiple reactions proceeding simultaneously in any natural reaction system, including those in biology.

All common water machines until the late 19th century ( including water wheels ) were basically reaction machines ; water pressure head acted on the machine and produced work.

There have been several accidents involving uranium hexafluoride in the United States, including one in which 31 workers were exposed to a cloud of UF < sub > 6 </ sub > and its reaction products.

Punk rock, often seen as a reaction to the artifice of glam rock, but using some elements of the genre including makeup and involving covers versions of glam rock records, helped end the fashion for glam from about 1976.

* Advances in genomics, biotechnology, and biodetection, including major contributions to the complete sequencing of the human genome though the Joint Genome Institute and the development of rapid PCR ( polymerase chain reaction ) technology that lies at the heart of today ’ s most advanced DNA detection instruments.

The governor's reaction to the textile workers strike of September 1, 1934 was to declare martial law in the third week of the strike, and direct four thousand National Guard troops to arrest all picketers throughout the state.

Kelly was concerned by the governor's reaction ; " I believe.