In United States telecommunication terminology, antenna height above average terrain is the antenna height above the average terrain elevations from 3. 2 to 16 kilometers ( 2 to 10 miles ) from the antenna for the eight directions spaced evenly for each 45 ° of azimuth starting with true north.

In telecommunication, aperture-to-medium coupling loss is the difference between the theoretical antenna gain of a very large antenna, such as the antennas in beyond-the-horizon microwave links, and the gain that can be realized in practice.

In telecommunication, the effective height of an antenna is the height of the antenna's center of radiation above the ground.

In telecommunication, a ground plane is a flat or nearly flat horizontal conducting surface that serves as part of an antenna, to reflect the radio waves from the other antenna elements.

In telecommunication, a log-periodic antenna ( LP, also known as a log-periodic array or log periodic beam antenna / aerial ) is a broadband, multi-element, directional, narrow-beam antenna that has impedance and radiation characteristics that are regularly repetitive as a logarithmic function of the excitation frequency.

In telecommunication, a periscope antenna is an antenna configuration in which the transmitting antenna is oriented to produce a vertical radiation pattern, and a flat or off-axis parabolic reflector, mounted above the transmitting antenna, is used to direct the beam in a horizontal path toward the receiving antenna.

In telecommunication, a reflective array antenna is an antenna in which multiple driven elements are mounted in front of a surface designed to reflect the radio waves in a desired direction.

The lower floor of the mast is for the adjustment of public users ' telecommunication antennas and the three upper floors are devoted to the antenna of radio and television organisation of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

* Radio horizon, the locus of points in telecommunication at which direct rays from an antenna are tangential to the surface of the Earth

* Completely omnidirectional antennas are rare in telecommunication systems, so almost every link budget equation must consider antenna gain.

In telecommunication, there are several types of microstrip antennas ( also known as printed antennas ) the most common of which is the microstrip patch antenna or patch antenna.

In telecommunication, an equivalent noise resistance is a quantitative representation in resistance units of the spectral density of a noise-voltage generator, given by

In telecommunication, equivalent pulse code modulation noise ( PCM ) is the amount of thermal noise power on a frequency-division multiplexing ( FDM ) or wire channel necessary to approximate the same judgment of speech quality created by quantizing noise in a PCM channel.

In telecommunication, the term noise power has the following meanings:

In telecommunication, noise weightings are used by agencies concerned with public telephone service, and various standard curves are based on the characteristics of specific commercial telephone instruments, representing successive stages of technological development.

In telecommunication, reference noise is the magnitude of circuit noise chosen as a reference for measurement.

It is interesting for application in telecommunication fibers to amplify inside the standard material with low noise for the amplification process.

Until the early 1980s a called party could instantly recognize an incoming long-distance call by its hiss or low level, due to the inherent signal loss and introduction of noise common with all-analog long-distance telecommunication circuits of the era.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ) is, according to the ATM Forum, " a telecommunications concept defined by ANSI and ITU ( formerly CCITT ) standards for carriage of a complete range of user traffic, including voice, data, and video signals ," and is designed to unify telecommunication and computer networks.

Originally the teachers communicated with the children via radio, but now satellite telecommunication is used instead.

Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group, which has more than 16, 000 member companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics.

In computing and telecommunication, a control character or non-printing character is a code point ( a number ) in a character set, that does not in itself represent a written symbol.

Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling ( DTMF ) is used for telecommunication signaling over analog telephone lines in the voice-frequency band between telephone handsets and other communications devices and the switching center.

An electrical telegraph is a telegraph that uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via telecommunication lines or radio.

At its headquarters in Reading, England, one of the largest supercomputer complexes in Europe is linked by high-speed telecommunication lines to the computer systems of the national weather services of its supporting states.

The ITU-T mission is to ensure the efficient and timely production of standards covering all fields of telecommunications on a worldwide basis, as well as defining tariff and accounting principles for international telecommunication services.

Because of the widespread availability of ADSL services, ISDN is today primarily used for voice and fax traffic, but is still very popular thanks to the pricing policy of German telecommunication providers.

Located northwest of central Stockholm, it is divided by the Stockholm Metro blue line into a western part which is primarily a working class and middle class residential area, and an eastern part occupied by commercial ventures, mostly in the telecommunication and information technology industry.

The decimal SI definition, 1 kbit / s = 1000 bit / s, is used uniformly in the context of telecommunication transmission speeds.

The nibble is often called a " semioctet " or a " quartet " in a networking or telecommunication context.

On 28 December 2003 the duties of Oftel were inherited by Ofcom, which is the result of a consolidation of the British telecommunication and broadcasting regulators.

The centerpiece of the deregulation was the establishment of two categories of basic services licenses: Local loop ( LL ), for fixed line telecommunication within the 14 PTCL regions, and Long-distance and International ( LDI ), for connectivity between regions .” Two sets of criteria set by the regulatory authorities must be met before an operator is allowed to start operation: one for the issuance of a license and another for the maintenance of service quality.

QAM is used extensively as a modulation scheme for digital telecommunication systems.

Government investment in the Rwandan telecommunication sector is growing and has been successful so far.

This abundance of telecommunication technology is a result of promoting a competitive industry that was made possible by deregulation.

“ It was and is the largest provider of both cable TV and mobile telecommunication ”.

The country ’ s economy is reasonably diversified with key economic sectors including mining, agriculture and fishery, vehicle manufacturing and assembly, food-processing, clothing and textiles, telecommunication, energy, financial and business services, real estate, tourism, transportation, and wholesale and retail trade.

As an outcome of this programme, the structure of the telecommunication sector in the country at present is as follows:

* Speech coding, a specialized form of data compression, is important in the telecommunication area.

Television ( TV ) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome ( black-and-white ) or colored, with or without accompanying sound.

In telecommunication, effective Earth radius is the radius of a hypothetical Earth for which the distance to the radio horizon, assuming rectilinear propagation, is the same as that for the actual Earth with an assumed uniform vertical gradient of atmospheric refractive index.

In telecommunication, a medium-power talker is a hypothetical talker, within a log-normal distribution of talkers, whose volume lies at the medium power of all talkers determining the volume distribution at the point of interest.