What additional roles has the scientific understanding of the 19th and 20th centuries played??

This carried over into the more urbanized late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the man ruled the roost in the best bull-roaring Life With Father manner.

From its beginnings in the early 19th century through the early 20th century, anthropology in the United States was influenced by the presence of Native American societies.

Portugal has been present in Angola for 400 years, occupied the territory in the 19th and early 20th century, and ruled over it for about 50 years.

For much of the 19th and early 20th centuries, many linguists who studied Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic regarded them as members of a common Ural – Altaic family, together with Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic, based on such shared features as vowel harmony and agglutination.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, physicists discovered subatomic components and structure inside the atom, thereby demonstrating that the ' atom ' was divisible.

Its exponentially larger development at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th occurred among various people over decades, as other aspects of technology allowed.

The traditional distribution area of Western Upper German (= Alemannic ) dialect features in the 19th and 20th century

The University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1839, and the city showed steady growth throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, except during the Depression of 1873.

Saint Thomas Aquinas's aesthetic is probably the most famous and influential theory among medieval authors, having been the subject of much scrutiny in the wake of the neo-Scholastic revival of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and even having received the approbation of the celebrated Modernist writer, James Joyce.

The rapid evolution of warship design in the late 19th century transformed the ironclad from a wooden-hulled vessel which carried sails to supplement its steam engines into the steel-built, turreted battleships and cruisers familiar in the 20th century.

The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many foreign nations ; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.

English cultural influence ( reinforced at the end of the 19th century and beginnings of the 20th by British contacts with the Far East ) has also made the consumption of tea very common.

In Charismatic and Pentecostal communities, anointing of the sick is a frequent practice and has been an important ritual in these communities since the respective movements were founded in the 19th and 20th centuries.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the game spread with the Australian Diaspora to areas such as New Zealand and South Africa ; however this growth went into rapid decline following World War I.

While the roots of formalised logic go back to Aristotele, the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries saw the development of modern logic and formalised mathematics.

Abersychan was a thriving industrial centre in the 19th century and early 20th century, particularly for iron production.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, prominent figures of Indian spirituality such as Swami Vivekananda, Ramana Maharshi, Swami Sivananda and A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami emphasized the importance of ahimsa.

Rolf Sinclair says that Norman Lockyer, working in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, could be called the ' father of archaeoastronomy.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, alcohol dependence in general was called dipsomania, but that term now has a much more specific meaning.

When the office of Lord High Admiral was in commission, as it was for most of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries until it reverted to the Crown, it was exercised by a Board of Admiralty, officially known as the Commissioners for Exercising the Office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, & c. ( alternatively of England, Great Britain or the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland depending on the period ).

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, extensive study concentrated on the use of antioxidants in important industrial processes, such as the prevention of metal corrosion, the vulcanization of rubber, and the polymerization of fuels in the fouling of internal combustion engines.

The late 19th and 20th centuries featured an emotional return to the concept of existence under the name of existentialism.

The city has traditionally been a pole of attraction, and was a major center for refugees from various ethnic backgrounds who immigrated to Anatolia from the Balkans during the loss of the Ottoman territories in Europe between the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

* British Empire, during the 19th to early 20th century

The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century ; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century.

However, the enormous expansion in the 18th and 19th centuries of the British Empire brought Anglicanism along with it.

The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular the Romantics, followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks.

Many Christian denominations have been influenced by Arminian views, notably the Baptists ( See A History of the Baptists Third Edition by Robert G. Torbet ) in the 16th century, the Methodists, the Congregationalists of the early New England colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries and the Universalists and Unitarians in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Developed in the late 19th century, stockless anchors represented the first significant departure in anchor design in centuries.

The latter manuscript was severely damaged in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the authorship of the verse has been much disputed ; but likely it also is by Alfred.

The first wave of English-speaking settlers arrived in North America during the 17th century, followed by further migrations in the 18th and 19th centuries.

While the earliest cuisine of the United States was influenced by indigenous American Indians, the cuisine of the thirteen colonies or the culture of the antebellum American South ; the overall culture of the nation, its gastronomy and the growing culinary arts became ever more influenced by its changing ethnic mix and immigrant patterns from the 18th and 19th centuries unto the present.

Things got worse in the early 18th century ; after the War of Spanish Succession, Alicante went into a long, slow decline, surviving through the 18th and 19th centuries by making shoes and growing agricultural produce such as oranges and almonds, and thanks to its fisheries.

A number of vernacular buildings of the 17th-early 19th centuries add to the historic scene.

Air resistance experiments were carried out by investigators throughout the 18th and 19th centuries.

Throughout European history, philosophers such as Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, among others, contemplated the possibility that souls exist in animals, plants, and people ; however, the currently accepted definition of animism was only developed in the 19th century by Sir Edward Tylor, who created it as " one of anthropology's earliest concepts, if not the first ".

With the emergence of anthropological schools in the late 19th century, various renowned anthropologists such as Edward Burnett Tylor ( 1871 ) became proponents of the euhemeristic origin of fairies, in direct conflict with the religious or psychological theories of their origin.

E. B. Tylor is considered by many to be a founding figure of the science of social anthropology, and his scholarly works are seen as important and lasting contributions to the discipline of anthropology that was beginning to take shape in the 19th century.

Extensive cross-cultural studies were later carried out by 19th century anthroplogists such as Tylor and Morgan.

These authors, the former a medieval historian and the latter an early modernist, quickly became associated with the distinctive Annales approach, which combined geography, history, and the sociological approaches of the Année Sociologique ( many members of which were their colleagues at Strasbourg ) to produce an approach which rejected the predominant emphasis on politics, diplomacy and war of many 19th and early 20th-century historians as spearheaded by historians whom Febvre called Les Sorbonnistes.

Much as 19th century science is often treated as the inventor of conceptions of evolution and race which had serious negative political and social consequences, many 19th century historians pursued what they intended as reasonably objective research projects in the history of their own and other regions either to end by themselves using the results to support nationalistic goals or to see their work used that way by others.

Serving as a bridge to 19th century life on Hachijō-jima, Okuyama is regarded as a wellspring of information by ethnomusicologists and historians alike.

In the 19th and early 20th century, these images were used by many Danish historians, with a good flair of nationalism, trying to date the origins of the flag to 1219.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, John Horace Round and Frederic William Maitland, both historians of medieval Britain, arrived at different conclusions as to the character of English society before the Norman Conquest in 1066.

The general view of historians and critics is that the story of the Golem of Prague was a German literary invention of the early 19th century.

The Great Man approach to history was most fashionable with professional historians in the 19th century ; a popular work of this school is the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition ( 1911 ) which contains lengthy and detailed biographies about the great men of history, but very few general or social histories.

In Germany, with the increased interest in folklore during the 19th century, many historians took an interest in magic and in grimoires.

German social historians trace the Zunftrevolution, the urban revolution of guildmembers against a controlling urban patriciate, sometimes reading into them, however, perceived foretastes of the class struggles of the 19th century.

The ideas of imperialism put forward by historians John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson during the 19th century.

By the Victorian period in the 19th century historians were more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers and to focus on John's moral personality.

Later 19th century historians such as William Forbes Skene brought new standards of accuracy to early Scottish history, while Celticists such as Whitley Stokes and Kuno Meyer cast a critical eye over Welsh and Irish sources.

In the 19th century, the entire Middle Ages were often referred to as the " Dark Ages ", but with the creation of these subdivisions use of this term was restricted to the Early Middle Ages, at least among historians.

Some historians contend that African slaves who worked in the Cuban sugar cane fields during the 19th century were instrumental in the cocktail's origin.

Some of these wars were called crusades during the Middle Ages, but others, including most of the Swedish ones, were first dubbed crusades by 19th century romantic nationalist historians.

Testimonies of historians, diplomats, religious scholars, intellectuals and travellers, Ottoman and European, confirm that, from the 16th to the 19th century, Anatolian opium was eaten in Constantinople as much as it was exported to Europe.

Some historians, mainly of the late 19th century and before, therefore speculated ( on no evidence ) that he must have traveled overland to the mouth of the Loire or the Garonne.

This usage derives from other historians who have adopted labels such as " the long 19th century " ( 1789 – 1914 ) to reconcile arbitrary decimal chronology with meaningful cultural and social phases.

His recounting of the period was remarkable for the rise of what 19th century papal historians saw as a " pornocracy ", or " rule of the harlots ", a reversal of the natural order as they saw it, according to Liber pontificalis and a later chronicler who was also biased against Sergius III.

Nonetheless, as later historians of the 19th century were keen to explain, the Revolution was a high moment of eloquence and rhetorical prowess, although set against a background of rejecting rhetoric.

According to 19th century British historians, it was these " Aryans " who " invaded " India and established the caste system, an elitist act of social organization that ( according to the British ) separated the " light-skinned " Indo-Aryan conquerors from the " conquered dark-skinned " indigenous Dravidian tribes through enforcement of " racial endogamy ".

During the 17th and 18th centuries some historians and lawyers saw William's reign as imposing a " Norman yoke " on the native Anglo-Saxons, an argument that continued during the 19th century with further elaborations along nationalistic lines.