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In the 860s, the Varangians ( Vikings ) arrived and organized a few successful military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire, who eventually defeated them and made peace with them, the Pechenegs and the Polochans.
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860s and Varangians
In the 860s, the warring Finnic and Slavic tribes rebelled under Vadim the Bold, but later asked the Varangians under Rurik to return and to put an end to the recurring conflicts between them.
860s and Vikings
Twice more in the 860s Vikings rowed to Paris, leaving only when they acquired sufficient loot or bribes from the Carolingian rulers.
860s and .
Manuscript production in England dropped off precipitously around the 860s when the Viking invasions began in earnest, not to be revived until the end of the century.
* Prehistoric period – occurred between the Slavonic migration to eastern Balkans and the mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius to Great Moravia in the 860s.
Abdullah played a major role in the events of the " Anarchy at Samarra " in the 860s, giving refuge to the caliph al-Musta ' in and commanding the defense of Baghdad when it was besieged by the forces of the rival caliph al-Mu ' tazz in 865.
The ghilman rose rapidly in power and influence, and under the weak rulers that followed Mu ' tasim, they became king-makers: they revolted several times during the 860s and killed four caliphs.
* Ælla of Northumbria ( died 867 ), king of Northumbria ( r. 860s )
During a voyage to these isles ( in the 860s ) in order to claim his inheritance from his father-in-law, he sailed into a storm at Pentland Firth.
Half a century later, Grigor Mamikonian lost Bagrevand to the Muslims, reconquered it in the early 860s and then lost it to the Bagratids for good.
The first temporary raids of ancestral Hungarians in this territory occurred in the 860s.
His career had already started in the 860s, when he governed a principality, the location of which is still a matter of debate among historians, within Moravia under the suzerainty of his uncle, Rastislav.
Svatopluk seems to have risen to power in Moravia in the early 860s.
Saint Cyril formalized and expanded the script in the 860s, amid the Christianization of Slavs.
In the 860s, instead of raids the Danes mounted a full scale invasion ; and 865 marked the arrival of an enlarged army that the Anglo-Saxons described as the Great Heathen Army.
Varangians and Vikings
Scandinavian Norsemen, called " Vikings " in Western Europe and " Varangians " in the East, combined piracy and trade in their roamings over much of Northern Europe.
The name Rus itself comes from Rus people, a group of Varangians ( possibly Swedish Vikings ) who founded the state of Rus ( Русь ).
From the 8th to the 11th century, the Vikings and Varangians traded as they sailed from and to Scandinavia.
Vikings sailed to Western Europe, while Varangians to Russia.
* Varangians, ancestors of the Rus ' sometimes called " Vikings " in English publications
The Scandinavian Vikings, or Varangians, also took part in the forming of Russian identity and state in the early Kievan Rus ' period of the late 1st millennium AD.
They were chosen among war-prone peoples, of whom the Varangians ( Vikings ) were preferred.
Most scholars identify them with the Rus ' or Varangians, which would make Ibn Fadlan's account one of the earliest portrayals of Vikings.
The Varangians are believed to be Vikings originally raiding the Rus, who in turn were retained as mercenaries for protection against invaders.
* Varangians, the term for Norse Vikings who were active in Eastern Europe
The Persian traveller Ibn Rustah described how Swedish Vikings, the Varangians or Rus, terrorized and enslaved the Slavs.
Varangians and arrived
Harald and the Varangians were thereafter called to action in Bulgaria, were they arrived not before early 1041.
The Tale of Bygone Years ( dated to 1113 ) writes about how the tribe Varangians arrived in Constantinople, and of piratical expeditions on the Black Sea and on the Caspian Sea.
Varangians and few
The few remaining Varangians fled into the church of the Archangel Michael.
Varangians and successful
Maniakes was then proclaimed emperor by his troops ( including the Varangians ), and marched towards Constantinople, in 1043 his army clashed with troops loyal to Constantine near Thessalonika, and though initially successful, Maniakes was killed during the melee after receiving a fatal wound ( according to Psellus ' account ).
Varangians and military
Varangians in Byzantium, fanciful 19th century military costume reconstruction.
Varangians and against
The news of this triple murder reached Sviatopolk's younger brother Yaroslav, Prince of Novgorod, who decided to go to war against Sviatopolk with the support from the citizens of Novgorod and the Varangians.
About 700 Varangians served along with Dalmatians as marines in Byzantine naval expeditions against the Emirate of Crete in 902 and a force of 629 returned to Crete under Constantine Porphyrogenitus in 949.
Varangians and Byzantine
The Eastern connections of these " Varangians " brought Byzantine silk, coins from Samarkand, even a cowrie shell from the Red Sea, to Viking York.
However, those items could also have been Byzantine imports, and there is no reason to assume that the Varangians travelled significantly beyond Byzantium and the Caspian Sea.
Roughly in the same period, the Ilmen Slavs and Krivichs were dominated by the Varangians of the Rus ' Khaganate, who controlled the trade route between the Baltic Sea and the Byzantine Empire.
The Slavs and the Byzantines also called them Varangians ( ON: Væringjar, meaning sworn men or from Slavic варяги supposedly deriving from the root " вар "—" profit " as coming from North they would profit by trading goods and not producing them, which had a negative connotation in Slavic culture of that time ), and the Scandinavian bodyguards of the Byzantine emperors were known as the Varangian Guard.
Basil's distrust of the native Byzantine guardsmen, whose loyalties often shifted with fatal consequences, as well as the proven loyalty of the Varangians, many of whom served in Byzantium even before, led the Emperor to employ them as his personal guardsmen.
Michael Psellus writes that all Varangians without exception used the weapon called rhomphaia, but this is a product of Atticism in Byzantine literature.
When the Byzantine Emperor died, the Varangians had the unique right of running to the imperial treasury and taking as much gold and as many gems as they could carry, a procedure known in Old Norse as polutasvarf (" palace pillaging ").
The loyalty of the Varangians became a trope of Byzantine writers.
While the Varangians are represented in Walter Scott's novel Count Robert of Paris as being the fiercest and most loyal element of the Byzantine forces, this is probably exaggerated.
However, the exaggeration was begun by Byzantine writers themselves, who applied a " noble savage " identity to the Varangians.
Many Byzantine writers referred to them as " axe-bearing barbarians ", pelekyphoroi barbaroi, rather than Varangians.
The Varangians did not return home without a lasting imprint of Byzantine culture to which testifies a Byzantine cross carved on the early eleventh century Risbyle runestone U 161, and which today is the coat-of-arms of Täby.
Varangians of Byzantium: An Aspect of Byzantine Military History.
The Varangians stood their ground while the Byzantine left, including some of Alexius ' elite troops, attacked the Normans.
It contained formidable guards units such as the Varangians, the Athanatoi, a unit of heavy cavalry stationed in Constantinople, the Vardariotai and the Archontopouloi, recruited by Alexios from the sons of dead Byzantine officers, foreign mercenary regiments, and also units of professional soldiers recruited from the provinces.
An important trade route called the Road from Varangians to Greeks passed through the land of the Polans and connected Northern Europe with the Black Sea and the Byzantine Empire.
The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks (,, ) was a trade route that connected Scandinavia, Kievan Rus ' and the Byzantine Empire.
It commemorates Assur, one of the first Varangians who is known to have died in the service of the Byzantine Emperor, and he is estimated to have died c. 1010, or in the late 10th century.
Nielloed items were mass produced using molds that still survive today and were traded with Greeks, the Byzantine Empire, and other peoples that traded along the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks.
In the later Byzantine era, under the Komnenian emperors, primmikērioi appear as commanders in the palace regiments of the Manglabitai, Vardariōtai, Vestiaritai and the Varangians.
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