Clausewitz's family claimed descent from the Barons of Clausewitz in Upper Silesia, which was eventually confirmed, but now is doubted by scholars.

Between alemura, probably Olomouc, and Upper Lusatia region of the Milceni ( terra mileze ) the border could include Silesia if it was straight.

Wooden smithy in Opole, Upper Silesia, Poland

After 1806 he used the titles: " We, Francis the First, by the grace of God Emperor of Austria ; King of Jerusalem, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia and Lodomeria ; Archduke of Austria ; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Würzburg, Franconia, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola ; Grand Duke of Cracow ; Grand Prince of Transylvania ; Margrave of Moravia ; Duke of Sandomir, Masovia, Lublin, Upper and Lower Silesia, Auschwitz and Zator, Teschen and Friule ; Prince of Berchtesgaden and Mergentheim ; Princely Count of Habsburg, Gorizia and Gradisca and of the Tirol ; and Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria ", President of the German Confederation.

Former German territories east of the Oder and Neisse rivers, mainly the Prussian provinces of Pomerania, East Prussia, West Prussia, Upper Silesia, Lower Silesia, the eastern Neumark of Brandenburg, and a small piece of Saxony were thus detached from Germany.

George Frederick reigned in his native Ansbach, Franconia and Jägerndorf, Upper Silesia since 1556 and, after the death of his cousin Albert Alcibiades in 1557, also in Kulmbach.

By the further appropriation of the Duchy of Jägerndorf, George came into possession of all Upper Silesia.

After its introduction in Nuremberg and his territories in Franconia, it was also introduced in his dominions in Upper Silesia.

Poland was restored and most of the provinces of Posen and West Prussia, and some areas of Upper Silesia were reincorporated into the reformed country after plebiscites and independence uprisings.

Plebiscites in southern East Prussia and Upper Silesia were provided for, while the issues of other northern, eastern and southern borders remained undetermined, inviting military action.

In 1773 King Frederick II of Prussia, having conquered and annexed Silesia in 1742, had St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin built for the Catholic Upper Silesian immigrants, now the mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin.

The Allied powers referred the problem of Upper Silesia to the League after they had been unable to resolve the territorial dispute.

After the First World War, Poland laid claim to Upper Silesia, which had been part of Prussia.

The Treaty of Versailles had recommended a plebiscite in Upper Silesia to determine whether the territory should become part of Germany or Poland.

The committee recommended that Upper Silesia be divided between Poland and Germany according to the preferences shown in the plebiscite and that the two sides should decide the details of the interaction between the two areas – for example, whether goods should pass freely over the border due to the economic and industrial interdependency of the two areas.

* 1945 – World War II: Soviet forces begin an offensive to push Germans from Upper Silesia.

The factory even had an underground plant for filling munitions, which were then stored at Krappitz ( now Krapkowice ) in Upper Silesia.

It is part of Silesia, and the territorial successor of the former German Upper Silesia, which had the same city — then Oppeln — as its capital.

Up until 1945, the area of the current Polish voivodeship was actually a part of the Prussian province of ‘ Upper Silesia ’.

# The Silesian language is spoken in the Upper Silesia region, mainly in the Silesian Voivodeship and Opole Voivodeship in Poland and also in the Moravian – Silesian Region in Czech Republic.

These areas were mainly agricultural, with the exception of Upper Silesia which was the second largest centre of German heavy industry.

The expulsion concerned the territories " under Polish administration ", i. e. southern East Prussia ( Masuria ), Farther Pomerania, the New March region of the former Province of Brandenburg, the districts of the Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia, Lower Silesia and those parts of Upper Silesia that had remained with Germany after the 1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite.

In the Upper Silesia plebiscite, a majority of 60 % voted against merging with Poland, with clear lines dividing Polish and German communities.

According to the Treaty of Versailles after World War I the Upper Silesia plebiscite was organised by the League of Nations.

Wilson was particularly cross, early in 1921, that with only 10 Guards and 18 Line ( 8 of them Irish ) battalions in the UK to meet another threatened Triple Alliance strike, 4 battalions were being sent from the Rhine to supervise the Upper Silesia plebiscite: he asked Lloyd George if he wanted to be “ Prime Minister of England or Silesia ”.

After three Silesian Uprisings and the 1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite, the East Upper Silesian part of the province around the industrial town of Kattowitz was transferred to the Second Polish Republic and incorporated into the Silesian Voivodeship in 1922.

After World War I, the region was divided according to the Upper Silesia plebiscite in 1921, whereby 88 % of the Lublinitz citizens voted for continuance in the German Weimar Republic.

After the third Silesian Uprising of 1921 and the subsequent Upper Silesia plebiscite ( in which 1427 or 82. 1 % of residents in Alt Berun and 292 or 58. 4 % of residents in Neuberun voted for Poland ), Berun was incorporated into the Second Polish Republic and soon thereafter was officially renamed Bieruń.

Upon the 1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite, Sohrau fell to the Silesian Voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic, though 69. 4 % of the citizens had voted for Germany.

The Upper Silesia plebiscite and eventual division of Upper Silesia were accompanied by three Silesian Uprisings of Polish milicians.

After World War I and a plebiscite in 1922 Mysłowice and a part of Upper Silesia became part of the newly restored Poland.

The Treaty of Versailles had ordered a plebiscite in Upper Silesia to determine whether the territory should be a part of Germany or Poland.

It was however decided to hold the plebiscite in all of Upper Silesia, including both the predominantly Polish-speaking areas in the east and the predominantly German-speaking Upper Silesian areas west of the river.

It was decided by the Allies that the Upper Silesian plebiscite was to be conducted on March 20, 1921.

The Allied Supreme Council was however still unable to come to an agreement on the partition of the Upper Silesian territory on the lines of the plebiscite.

Almost all the most important events in Germany in 1921 were connected with questions arising out of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, disarmament, reparations, trials of war criminals, and the plebiscite in Upper Silesia-questions that, from their harassing nature, kept both government and people in constant suspense and agitation.

The clause of the Treaty of Versailles demanding a plebiscite in Upper Silesia was next taken in hand.

As the Supreme Council was unable to come to an agreement on the partition of the Upper Silesian territory on the lines of the plebiscite, a solution was found by turning the question over to the Council of the League of Nations.

The Upper Silesia plebiscite was a border referendum mandated by the Versailles Treaty and carried out in March 1921 to determine a section of the border between Weimar Germany and Poland.

Following the third Silesian Uprising ( 1921 ), however, the easternmost portion of Upper Silesia ( including Katowice ), with a majority ethnic Polish population, was awarded to Poland, where it was formed into the Silesian Voivodeship.

In 1919, after World War I, the eastern part ( with a majority of ethnic Poles ) came under Polish rule as the Silesian Voivodeship, while the mostly German-speaking western part remained part of the German Reich as the Province of Upper Silesia.

Local prophets took up his spiritual call, and the Creek split into two factions, roughly conforming to their settlement patterns: the Red Sticks, mostly from the Upper Towns, which comprised the majority of population, opposed the settlement of their land by whites.

At the general election which followed, the Governor General was sustained by a narrow majority, but in 1848 the Reformers were again returned to power, and he and Lafontaine formed their second administration on March 11 under Lord Elgin and carried numerous important reforms, including the freeing from sectarian control of the University of Toronto and the introduction into Upper Canada of an important municipal system.

The attempt, though defeated, had been supported by a majority of the representatives from Upper Canada, and Baldwin's fastidious conscience took it as a vote of want confidence.

At the same time, the large German-speaking majority of the Upper Lusatian population kept up a considerable degree of local, ' Upper Lusatian ' patriotism of its own.

Proton launch vehicles and Briz-M Upper Stages are designed and built by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center ( Khrunichev ) in Moscow, the majority owner of International Launch Services ( ILS ).

The Creek Indians of Georgia and Alabama had become divided into two factions: the Upper Creeks ( or Red Sticks ), a majority who opposed the American expansion and sided with the British and Spanish during the War of 1812, and the Lower Creek, who were more assimilated, had a stronger relationship with the US Indian Agent Benjamin Hawkins, and sought to remain on good terms with the Americans.

This majority in the Lower Chamber was at once attacked by another compact majority in the Upper, who on their side maintained that the hated land taxes were only a kind of rent-charge on land, were incidental to it and in no way weighed upon the owners, and moreover that its abolition would be quite unwarrantable, as it was one of the surest sources of revenue to the state.

In elections held in October 1834, the Reformers won a majority in the 12th Parliament of Upper Canada and Mackenzie was again elected as member for York ( though at this point he was still serving as mayor of Toronto ).

During the Upper House elections 1998, the LDP lost its majority.

Over decades the mainly Catholic Upper Silesian citizens in majority voted for the German Centre Party, while the Lower Silesian constituencies were dominated by the Free-minded Party and the Social Democrats.

Until 1945 Ratibor remained German, and the majority of its inhabitants were Germans or Germanized Upper Silesians.

The Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the colony in two at the Ottawa River, so that the western part ( Upper Canada ) could be under the British legal system, with English speakers in the majority.

Upper Canada, with its British and Protestant majority, was growing more rapidly than Lower Canada, with the French-Canadian and Catholic majority.

German scholar Paul Weber drew a language map that showed that in 1910 in majority of Upper Silesian districts east of the Oder river Polish-speaking Silesians were a majority, forming over 70 % of the population.

This decision was accepted by both countries, and the majority of Upper Silesians ( whereby the Germans having lost World War I had no power to oppose such a decision ).

From 1990 to 1997, the station was co-owned with Pembroke-based CHRO-TV, which was for the majority of that period a CTV affiliate for the Upper Ottawa Valley.

The majority of facilities are in the main concourse, including ticket desks and machines, cash machines, an information desk, LED departures and arrivals screens, public telephones, a W H Smith branch, an Upper Crust takeaway, a sandwich bar, a Marks and Spencer Simply Food store.