We note that, first, America has already made great contributions in the past two years to the world's fund of knowledge of astrophysics and space science.

It is not through space nor time that the time machine most approved by science fiction must travel for a visit to the permanent prehistoric past, or the ever-existent past-fantasy future.

Since the 1950s, this type of fiction has to a large extent merged with science fictional tropes involving cross-time travel between alternate histories or psychic awareness of the existence of " our " universe by the people in another ; or ordinary voyaging uptime ( into the past ) or downtime ( into the future ) that results in history splitting into two or more time-lines.

David Cole writes that " the Chinese Room argument has probably been the most widely discussed philosophical argument in cognitive science to appear in the past 25 years ".

In the past historians of religion and other students of myth thought of them as forms of primitive or early-stage science or religion and analyzed them in a literal or logical sense.

The veneration of that classical past, particularly pre-Christian Rome, the new availability of Greek philosophical works, the successes of humanism and natural science along with the fragmentation of the Christian churches and increased understanding of other faiths, all helped erode the image of the church as the unique source of wisdom, destined to dominate the whole world.

The 2006 science fiction film Déjà Vu revolves around a US federal law enforcement officer using an instrument called Snowhite to view the past four and a half days of anywhere in the world ( limited radius as permissible by the program ) in order to solve a murder and a terrorist bomb attack on a ferry that was being boarded by about 500 citizens and military members.

Research on emotion has increased significantly over the past two decades with many fields contributing including psychology, neuroscience, medicine, sociology, and even computer science.

The term implies acquisition of information by means external to the basic limiting assumptions of science, such as that organisms can only receive information from the past to the present.

Until the 18th century, however, no theoretical basis for soil design had been developed and the discipline was more of an art than a science, relying on past experience.

Information theory is closely associated with a collection of pure and applied disciplines that have been investigated and reduced to engineering practice under a variety of rubrics throughout the world over the past half century or more: adaptive systems, anticipatory systems, artificial intelligence, complex systems, complexity science, cybernetics, informatics, machine learning, along with systems sciences of many descriptions.

In the past 60 years, MIT's educational disciplines have expanded beyond the physical sciences and engineering into fields such as biology, economics, linguistics, political science, and management.

These oppositions are inherent to modernism: it is in its broadest cultural sense the assessment of the past as different to the modern age, the recognition that the world was becoming more complex, and that the old " final authorities " ( God, government, science, and reason ) were subject to intense critical scrutiny.

Because it is not the job of science to define human morality, a religious experience is an attempt to connect with a perceived moral past, which is in contrast with the technological present.

Feynman's stature as a Nobel laureate and as an iconic figure in 20th century science surely helped advocates of nanotechnology and provided a valuable intellectual link to the past.

Integrating political studies of the past into a unified discipline is ongoing, and the history of political science has provided a rich field for the growth of both normative and positive political science, with each part of the discipline sharing some historical predecessors.

The science in this area has been developing rapidly over the past decade within the domain of personality assessment.

According to science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein, " a handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on adequate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the nature and significance of the scientific method.

* Steampunk is based on the idea of futuristic technology existing in the past, usually the 19th century, and often set in Victorian era England — but with prominent elements of either science fiction or fantasy, such as fictional technological inventions like those found in the works of H. G. Wells and Jules Verne, or real technological developments like the computer occurring at an earlier date.

In the past, before the arrival of modern science, spinels and rubies were equally known as rubies.

In March 1996, Scientific American launched its own website that includes articles from current and past issues, online-only features, daily news, weird science, special reports, trivia, " Scidoku " and more.

Although time travel has been a common plot device in science fiction since the late 19th century and the theories of special and general relativity allow methods for forms of one-way travel into the future via time dilation, it is currently unknown whether the laws of physics would allow time travel into the past.

Science fiction set in what was the future but is now the past, like Arthur C. Clarke's 2001: A Space Odyssey or Nineteen Eighty-Four, are not alternate history because the author has not made the conscious choice to change the past.

References to the Israeli – Palestinian conflict crop up quite frequently in Anderson's fiction, through various analogues and the conflict's past, future, and alternate permutations.

In works of fiction, the voice-over is often by a character reflecting back on his or her past, or by a person external to the story who usually has a more complete knowledge of the events in the film than the other characters.

Gibson is one of the best-known North American science fiction writers, fêted by The Guardian in 1999 as " probably the most important novelist of the past two decades ".

In 1947 Maugham instituted the Somerset Maugham Award, awarded to the best British writer or writers under the age of thirty-five for a work of fiction published in the past year.

Historical fiction tells a story that is set in the past.

Comedy fiction set in the past may use anachronism for humorous effect.

In the spin-off fiction, an edict and general aversion against exploring Gallifrey's past also contributes to this.

He is a past winner of the Damiru Hoyki ( Hoyka Award ), given annually for the best science fiction novel.

The story shows an ageing, maybe dying, novelist grappling with alternative versions of his own past as he adapts them for his fiction.

As the fiction takes place in the past, and historical figures interact with the plot, Callirhoe may be understood as the first historical novel ; it was later imitated by Xenophon of Ephesus and Heliodorus of Emesa, among others.

The book weaves together a mysterious tale of historical fiction with reference to Saipan's multi-ethnic past, from Japanese colonization to American WWII victory and post cold war evolution of the island.

A typical sentence from his fiction is a passage from The House Behind the Cedars: " When the first great shock of his discovery wore off, the fact of Rena's origin lost to Tryon some of its initial repugnance — indeed, the repugnance was not to the woman at all, as their past relations were evidence, but merely to the thought of her as a wife.

This movement, called New Wave, tried to show that the ideas and themes of science fiction could be developed past the simple desires of an audience of twelve-year-olds.

Though it uses the term, Dennis Overbye's novel Einstein in Love: A Scientific Romance does not imitate science fiction of the past in the manner of the other novels mentioned.

In the past, the channel concentrated on classic science fiction ( SciFi ) shows.

The CRTC has in the past regulated the prices cable television broadcast distributors are allowed to charge.

When the comic switched to the Tamers series the storylines adhered to continuity more strictly ; sometimes it would expand on subject matter not covered by the original Japanese anime ( such as Mitsuo Yamaki's past ) or the English adaptations of the television shows and movies ( such as Ryo's story or the movies that remained undubbed until 2005 ).

In New York City, local television journalist Gabe Pressman has recounted the story each Christmas for the past thirty years.

Notwithstanding his past temporary friendly relations with Nixon, who defeated U. S. Senator George S. McGovern of South Dakota for reelection, Smith became the first national television commentator to call for Nixon's resignation over Watergate.

This case followed past instances in which McDonald's threatened to sue more than fifty organisations for libel, including Channel 4 television and several major publications.

Trevor Hindmarch served three years in the Australian Army Reserve, spent many years acting on stage and television and has been running his own business in the Australian Thoroughbred Racing Industry for the past fourteen years, " Hindmarch Racing ", and has developed his successful Profiler horse racing software used and recommended by horse trainers and full-time investors alike.

The flags at St. Louis City Hall and the St. Louis County Government Center were lowered to half-staff, the local television news anchors all wore black suits for the next several days, and a public visitation was held in the stadium before the next baseball game after his death, with free admission to the game for all the mourners who filed past his coffin.

Horse-racing historian Michael Tanner, in a 2011 television interview at Epsom, pointed out that as Emily Davison was standing on the inside of the bend at Tattenham Corner, amidst heaving crowds, and with no racetrack commentary like there is today, it would in fact have been impossible for her to have any idea whether the King's horse Anmer had in fact already gone past or not when she stepped out onto the racecourse to make her protest ; and that at the speeds the horses were going it would not have been practicable for her to identify any particular horse anyway even if she'd meant to.

By 1960, a small " beatnik " group in Newquay, Cornwall, England ( including a young Wizz Jones ) had attracted the attention and the abhorrence of their neighbours for growing their hair to a length past the shoulders, resulting in a television interview with Alan Whicker on BBC television's Tonight series.

When Beatles for Sale was being recorded, Beatlemania was just past its peak ; in early 1964, The Beatles had made waves with their television appearances in the United States, sparking unprecedented demand for their records.

In the past, the series has been held from DVD and television due to complicated questions of rights and logistics.

It can range from free-hand writing in spray can and marker form, often carrying social or sexual commentary in English or Spanish, pictures in wheatpaste and stencils, consisting of stenciled renderings of personalities crucial to Hispanic culture from past and present eras, such as television news announcers or stars, but also extending to images of artists like Salvador Dalí.

The Smothers Brothers have appeared on numerous television shows over the past three decades, including two shows of their own: The Smothers Brothers Show, a sit-com from 1965 to 1966 ; and The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, a variety show in 1967.

Famous residents both past and present have included Victoria's Secret model Adriana Lima, Beyoncé and Jay-Z, Spanish singer Julio Iglesias, his son Enrique Iglesias, pro golfer Raymond Floyd, coaches Rick Pitino and Don Shula, US Senator George Smathers, Sheik Mohammed al-Fassi of Saudi Arabia, television host Don Francisco, billionaire investor Carl Icahn, co-founder of Calvin Klein Barry Schwartz, billionaire developer Donny Soffer, banker and developer Jamie Gilinski, steel executive Leroy Schecter, wireless executive Rajendra Singh, radio magnate Raul Alarcon, real estate billionaire Peter Breton, coal and oil executive Christopher F. Viegas, Perry Ellis head George Feldenkreis, former Philadelphia Eagles owner and billionaire art collector Norman Braman, heiress and philanthropist Suzie Linden, and former cable company CEO Ken Bagwell.

* Mark Williams ( 1956-), controversial television, radio newspaper personality and a founding member of the National Association of Radio Talk Show Hosts / Tea Party Partriots / former chairman of the Tea Party Express, past President of the Conservative Party USA, author of " Exposing the Socialist Agenda " and " Taking Back America One Tea Party at a Time "

PKRG-TV, the public-access television cable TV station in Park Ridge has produced and documented many shows over the past ten years.

The same period brought an improvement in the level of public services throughout western Emery County, with the installation of a modern telephone system, improved water and sewage systems, a relay station to direct television signals from Salt Lake City stations past the barrier of the Wasatch Plateau, as well as upgraded police and fire protection being provided.

* In a 2007 television episode of The Sopranos, titled Remember When, the characters Tony Soprano and Paulie Walnuts pull off of Interstate 95 on their way to Miami to visit a hotel brothel they remember patronizing years past in Culpeper.

In the past 50 years, entertainment such as Matt Dillon, Festus, Dennis Weaver and from the popular Western series on television in the 1950s and 1960s have appeared at the rodeo as have some of today's top country music stars including Alabama, Lonestar, Garth Brooks, Clint Black, Travis Tritt, Tracy Lawrence, Sammy Kershaw, Doug Stone, Lorrie Morgan, Tanya Tucker, Pam Tillis, and many more.

He works mainly in the music hall tradition, although, in the past, has occasionally appeared in drama, including as Malvolio in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night on stage in Liverpool in 1971 ; on television in the cameo role of ' The Tollmaster ' in the 1987 Doctor Who story Delta and the Bannermen ; and as Yorick ( in silent flashback ) in Kenneth Branagh's film version of Shakespeare's Hamlet in 1996.

Now a distinguished academic who wants no part of his past fame, he sets out to stop the showing of his old films on television in 1952's Dreamboat which concludes with Webb's alter ego Sayre watching himself star in Sitting Pretty.

He was cast in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, after being suggested for the role to Marti Noxon by one of Boreanaz's neighbors, after walking his dog past their house.

* January 4 – Guitarist Jimi Hendrix is accused of arrogance by British television producers after playing an impromptu version of " Sunshine of Your Love " past his allotted timeslot on the BBC1 show Happening for Lulu.

While the show was widely regarded as a Canadian institution, some critics have felt that the television show's quality has diminished over the past few seasons, especially since the breakdown of the original four-actor quartet.