A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated peoples with distinct political characteristics.

The division of Cyprus has remained an intractable political problem plaguing relations between Greece and Turkey, and drawing in NATO, of which both Greece and Turkey are members, and latterly the European Union, which has admitted Greece and Cyprus and which Turkey has been seeking to join for over twenty years.

Silvermintz notes that, " Historians of economic thought credit Plato, primarily on account of arguments advanced in his Republic, as an early proponent of the division of labor .” Notwithstanding this, Silvermintz argues that, " While Plato recognizes both the economic and political benefits of the division of labor, he ultimately critiques this form of economic arrangement insofar as it hinders the individual from ordering his own soul by cultivating acquisitive motives over prudence and reason.

Corradini's views were part of a wider set of perceptions within the right-wing Italian Nationalist Association ( ANI ), which claimed that Italy's economic backwardness was caused by corruption in its political class, liberalism, and division caused by " ignoble socialism ".

Following ratification of the Constitution and formation of the first government in 1789, two new political factions formed along similar lines as the old division.

According to Encyclopædia Britannica, " Although there was a clear Muslim majority in Kashmir before the 1947 partition and its economic, cultural, and geographic contiguity with the Muslim-majority area of the Punjab ( in Pakistan ) could be convincingly demonstrated, the political developments during and after the partition resulted in a division of the region.

" That a community has different components whose interests must be balanced in any good regime is an idea with classical precedents, but Machiavelli's particularly extreme presentation is seen as a critical step towards the later political ideas of both a division of powers or checks and balances, ideas which lay behind the US constitution ( and most modern constitutions ).

The western-eastern division was a simplification and a literary device of sixth-century historians where political realities were more complex.

"< ref name = Stoner > < nowiki > < http :// www. allacademic. com / meta / p245585_index. html ></ nowiki >.</ ref > Thus, in some American colleges where there is no separate School or College of Arts and Sciences per se, political science may be a separate department housed as part of a division or school of Humanities or Liberal Arts.

An administrative division, subnational entity, or country subdivision is a portion of a country or other political division, established for the purpose of government.

This administrative and political territorial division is known as the " State of Autonomies ".

Today, samba is viewed as perhaps the only uniting factor in a country fragmented by political division.

Montesquieu described division of political power among a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary.

Generally, a two-party system becomes a dichotomous division of the political spectrum with an ostensibly right-wing and left-wing party: Nationalist Party vs. Labour Party in Malta, Liberal vs. Labor in Australia, Republicans vs. Democrats in the United States and the Conservative Party vs. the Labour Party in the United Kingdom

This cultural and linguistic division was eventually reinforced by the later political east-west division of the Roman Empire.

The division into political regions does not correspond with the language-group division: " Vlaanderen " ( Flanders ), " la région wallonne " ( Walloon region, including the German community but generally called Wallonia ), and the bilingual ( French-Dutch ) Brussels region, also the federal capital of Belgium.

At the time of the state establishment in 1947, the founding fathers of Pakistan were presented in the West where the founding fathers held a Boundary Commission conference with Cyril Radcliffe where the arrangement, area division, and future political set up was negotiated.

The election results truly reflected the ugly political reality: the division of the Pakistani electorate along regional lines and political polarization of the country between the two wings, East and West Pakistan.

* January 9 – Jurchen forces sack the Song Chinese capital of Kaifeng ( the Jingkang Incident, 靖康事變 ), and begin more than a century of political division between northern and southern China.

It was a response to the conflict between political pressure and the moral intuition which resulted in attempts at prediction.

And we had the uneasy sense that the cleavage between the moral and the political progressed amid the events which concern us.

Still, we must remember that we cannot construct and justify generalizations of this sort unless we are ready to consider many special instances of influence moving between such areas as theology, philosophy, political thought, and literature.

They both measure literature by moral standards, and in their political writings both allow for censorship, but the differences between them are also significant.

That fact is very clearly illustrated in the case of the many present-day intellectuals who were Communists or near-Communists in their youth and are now so extremely conservative ( or reactionary, as many would say ) that they can define no important political conviction that does not seem so far from even a centrist position as to make the distinction between Mr. Nixon and Mr. Khrushchev for them hardly worth noting.

The whole purpose of Man's Hope is to portray the tragic dialectic between means and ends inherent in all organized political violence -- and even when such violence is a necessary and legitimate self-defense of liberty, justice and human dignity.

In the interim between now and next year, we trust the House and Senate will put their minds to studying Georgia's very real economic, fiscal and social problems and come up with answers without all the political heroics.

In Kennedy's speech are cross currents, sensible ones and senseless ones, reflecting the great struggle of opinions between the President's advisers and the political and economic forces behind them.

In the first place, a large part of the discrepancy between President Eisenhower's estimate of a 1.5 billion dollar surplus for the same period and the new estimate of an almost seven billion dollar deficit is the result of the outgoing President's farewell gift of a political booby-trap to his successor.

However, there are relatively few such political constituencies, and, as has been pointed out, there is seldom a clear-cut distinction between the educational interests of one social class and those of another.

An agreement between the leaders of four parties which contested indecisive elections on Oct. 15 was reached after almost 18 hours of political bargaining under the threat of an army coup d'etat.

Several of the replies to Mr. Toynbee, without conscious resort to the traditional terminology with regard to the permission of evil, succeed in restoring the actual context in which present moral and political decisions must be made, by distinguishing between choosing a great evil and choosing in danger of this evil.

He believes that greatness is a marriage between the man and the times as was aptly represented by Churchill, who would very possibly have gone down in history as a political failure if it had not been for Hitler's war.

Charlemagne spent most winters between 792 and his death in 814 in Aachen, which became the focus of his court and the political centre of his empire.

The Akkadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests of its founder Sargon of Akkad ( 2334 – 2279 BC ).

The moderates ' efforts to compromise with Johnson failed, and a political war ensued between the Republicans ( both radical and moderate ) on one side, and on the other, Johnson and his allies in the Democratic Party in the North and the conservative groupings in the South.

There was an additional republican secessionist process in the Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia, a Cantonal republican uprising in Murcia and Andalucía, and a constant political tug of war between the Antillean Criollo Spaniards ( Cuban and Puerto Rican ) abolitionists and slavers.

This was in marked contrast to the four attempts at political union between 1606 and 1689, which all failed owing to a lack of political will in both kingdoms.

The contrast between a high level of education and a low level of political rights was particularly great in Aarau, and the city refused to send troops to defend the Bernese border.

Her first marriage, at the age of fifteen, was to the son of her father's rival in Italy, Lothair II, the nominal King of Italy ; the union was part of a political settlement designed to conclude a peace between her father and Hugh of Provence, the father of Lothair.

A discussion about the methods of the political use of technology in the creation of a super-bomb began the ideological divergence between Andrei Sakharov and Nikita Khrushchev.

In the modern world, the killing of important people began to become more than a tool in power struggles between rulers themselves and was also used for political symbolism, such as in the propaganda of the deed.

As a result of the political and economical tensions brought on by the Cold War, on 13 August 1961, East Germany began building of the Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin and similar barriers around West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie on 27 October 1961.

These directives implied precise emphasis on: the search for political coordination with emerging and developing countries, namely India, South Africa, Russia and China ; creation of the Union of South American Nations and its derivative bodies, such as the South American Security Council ; strengthening of Mercosul ; projection at the Doha Round and WTO ; maintenance of relations with developed countries, including the United States ; undertaking and narrowing of relations with African countries ; campaign for the reform of the United Nations Security Council and for a permanent seat for Brazil ; and defense of social objectives allowing for a greater equilibrium between the States and populations.