Scientific discoveries, such as the theory of relativity and quantum physics, drastically changed the worldview of scientists, causing them to realize that the universe was fantastically more complex than previously believed, and dashing the strong hopes at the end of the 19th century that the last few details of scientific knowledge were about to be filled in.

State propaganda initially used the appeal of scientific rationalism to argue that Falun Gong's worldview was in " complete opposition to science " and communism.

" A polarized depiction was created where the scientific worldview represented by Marxist-Leninism was legitimized as " moral and truthful ," while the Falun Gong discourse was " evil and deceptive.

* Neal Stephenson's series The Baroque Cycle ( Quicksilver, The Confusion, and The System of the World ), published in 2003 and 2004, deals with the rise of the scientific worldview and the beginnings of modern capitalism in late-17th-and early-18th-century Europe.

Scientism is a term used, usually pejoratively, to refer to belief in the universal applicability of the scientific method and approach, and the view that empirical science constitutes the most authoritative worldview or most valuable part of human learning to the exclusion of other viewpoints.

He suggests that the scientific worldview is distinguished from a magical one by the scientific method and by skepticism, requiring the falsifiability of any scientific hypothesis.

The worldview of a linear and non-linear causality generates various related / conflicting disciplines and approaches in scientific thinking.

A worldview of free will leads to disciplines that are governed by simple laws that remain constant and are static and empirical in scientific method, while a worldview of determinism generates disciplines that are governed with generative systems and rationalistic in scientific method.

' Erasmus Darwin, Herbert Spencer and the origins of the evolutionary worldview in British provincial scientific culture ', Isis 94 ( 2003 ), 1 – 29

The worldview is typically more compatible with mainstream scientific thought on the issues of physics, chemistry, geology and the age of the Earth, in comparison to young Earth creationism.

Alfred North Whitehead incorporated a scientific worldview into the development of his philosophical system similar to Einstein ’ s Theory of Relativity.

German Romantic intellectuals were defending the scientific superiority of a humanistic worldview with the inner nature and sensitivity of man at its center.

Much later, the scientific discipline of anthropology would formalize the methods of ethnography as a scientific research strategy for documenting the beliefs, behavior, social roles and relationships, and worldview of another culture, and for explaining these factors with reference to the logic of that culture.

He has a rational, scientific worldview that rejects vague ideas about spirituality and seems grounded in evidence and deductive reasoning.

The ICR adopts the Bible as an inerrant and literal documentary of scientific and historical fact as well as religious and moral truths, and espouses a Young Earth creationist worldview.

Religion, Siad Barre said, was an integral part of the Somali worldview, but it belonged in the private sphere, whereas scientific socialism dealt with material concerns such as poverty.

The first test of a scientific worldview is logical self-consistency and the evolutionary-ecological worldview passes that test.

" Williamson's paper provoked immediate response from the scientific community, including a countering paper in PNAS.

One advantage of structural genomics, such as the Protein Structure Initiative, is that the scientific community gets immediate access to new structures, as well as to reagents such as clones and protein.

The judgment of the court stated that " f reliable, the new scientific evidence would place Dobson in very close proximity indeed to Stephen Lawrence at the moment of and in the immediate aftermath of the attack, proximity, moreover, for which no innocent explanation can be discerned ".

The Scientific Revolution in the 17th century had made little immediate impact on industrial technology ; only in the second half of the 18th century did scientific advances begin to be applied significantly to practical invention.

Eric Temple Bell says, " Like his contemporaries and immediate predecessors among Cambridge mathematicians of the first decade of this century ... Bateman was thoroughly trained in both pure analysis and mathematical physics, and retained an equal interest in both throughout his scientific career.

As well as having important applications for scientific research, the earliest inventions received immediate popular success as methods for producing moving pictures, and the principle was used for numerous toys.

While the multi-disciplinarity of Frontiers reflects the way science operates currently, it doesn't answer to the expectations of students determined on immediate immersion in a particular scientific discipline.

In scientific disciplines, a toy problem is a problem that is not of immediate scientific interest, yet is used as an expository device to illustrate a trait that may be shared by other, more complicated, instances of the problem, or as a way to explain a particular, more general, problem solving technique.

Important figures from the 19th century had already demanded the setting-up of an academy in defence of the language ( Ulibarri, 1832 ; Aizkibel, 1856 ; d ' Abbadie and Duvoisin, 1862 ; Jose Manterola, 1880 and Artiñano, 1886 ), and it was during the first two decades of the 20th century when various entities-some scientific and others more popular ones-also emphasized the need for its immediate creation.

The vast majority of the evaluations performed thus far are concentrating mainly on the usage statistics ( e. g. total number of members, hours of use, amount of data communicated ) or on the immediate role in the production of traditional scientific outcomes ( e. g. publications and patents ).

In an effort to move these various disciplines " toward a more public social science ," Craig Calhoun, the President of the Social Science Research Council, has encouraged sociologists and other social scientists to " ask better social science questions about what encourages scientific innovation, what makes knowledge useful, and how to pursue both these agendas, with attention to both immediate needs and longterm capacities.

The group's immediate objective was to find a way to beat roulette, but a loftier objective was to use the money made from roulette to fund a scientific community.

One of Salazar's immediate tasks was to " the department ’ s coziness with the industries it regulates " but Daniel R. Patterson, a member of the Arizona House of Representatives, said “ Salazar has a disturbingly weak conservation record, particularly on energy development, global warming, endangered wildlife and protecting scientific integrity.

Steiner believed in the possibility of applying the clarity of scientific thinking to spiritual experience, which he saw as deriving from an objectively existing spiritual world.

methodology is to employ a scientific way of thinking, but to apply this methodology, which normally excludes our inner experience from consideration, instead to the human being proper.

Olav Hammer suggests that anthroposophy carries scientism " to lengths unparalleled in any other Esoteric position " due to its dependence upon claims of clairvoyant experience, its subsuming natural science under " spiritual science ", and its development of what Hammer calls " fringe " sciences such as anthroposophical medicine and biodynamic agriculture justified partly on the basis of the ethical and ecological values they promote, rather than purely on a scientific basis.

Foremost among the new doubters were the empiricists, the advocates of scientific method, with its emphasis on experimentation and reliance on evidence gathered from sensory experience.

Following a mystical experience in late 1654, he had his " second conversion ", abandoned his scientific work, and devoted himself to philosophy and theology.

Since most BME-related professions involve scientific research, such as in pharmaceutical and medical device development, graduate education is almost a requirement ( as undergraduate degrees typically do not involve sufficient research training and experience ).

The scientific data seem to support the idea that conscious experience is created by non-conscious processes in the brain ( i. e., there is subliminal processing that becomes conscious experience ).

:" It is my conviction that intentional phenomenology has for the first time made spirit as spirit the field of systematic scientific experience, thus effecting a total transformation of the task of knowledge.

An expert witness, professional witness or judicial expert is a witness, who by virtue of education, training, skill, or experience, is believed to have expertise and specialised knowledge in a particular subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially and legally rely upon the witness's specialized ( scientific, technical or other ) opinion about an evidence or fact issue within the scope of his expertise, referred to as the expert opinion, as an assistance to the fact-finder.

The experience with Davy gave Stephenson a lifelong distrust of London-based, theoretical, scientific experts.

Much of what is incorporated in the scientific method ( the nature of knowledge, evidence, experience, and causation ) and some modern attitudes towards the relationship between science and religion were developed by his protégés David Hume and Adam Smith.

Theremin recalled Ioffe reassured him that the war would not last long and that military experience would be useful for scientific applications.

Though he valued first-hand experience as part of a proper education, he did not intend to found a professional school, but advocated instruction in useful knowledge that combined elements of both professional and liberal education, writing that " The true and only practicable object of a polytechnic school is, as I conceive, the teaching, not of the minute details and manipulations of the arts, which can be done only in the workshop, but the inculcation of those scientific principles which form the basis and explanation of them, and along with this, a full and methodical review of all their leading processes and operations in connection with physical laws.

In the essay What is it like to be a bat ?, Thomas Nagel famously argued that explaining subjective experience — the " what it is like " to be something — is currently beyond the reach of scientific inquiry, because scientific understanding by definition requires an objective perspective, which, according to Nagel, is diametrically opposed to the subjective first-person point of view.

Henri Bergson ( 1859 – 1941 ), on the other hand, emphasized the difference between scientific, clock time and the direct, subjective, human experience of time His work on time and consciousness " had a great influence on twentieth-century novelists ," especially those modernists who used the stream of consciousness technique, such as Dorothy Richardson, Pointed Roofs, ( 1915 ), James Joyce, Ulysses ( 1922 ) and Virginia Woolf ( 1882 – 1941 ) Mrs Dalloway ( 1925 ), To the Lighthouse ( 1927 ).

Influential to thinkers associated with Postmodernism are Heidegger's critique of the subject-object or sense-knowledge division implicit in Rationalism, Empiricism and Methodological Naturalism, his repudiation of the idea that facts exist outside or separately from the process of thinking and speaking them ( however, Heidegger is not specifically a Nominalist ), his related admission that the possibilities of philosophical and scientific discourse are wrapped up in the practices and expectations of a society and that concepts and fundamental constructs are the expression of a lived, historical exercise rather than simple derivations of external, apriori conditions independent from historical mind and changing experience ( see Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Heinrich von Kleist, Weltanschauung and Social Constructionism ), and his Instrumentalist and Negativist notion that Being ( and, by extension, reality ) is an action, method, tendency, possibility and question rather than a discreet, positive, identifiable state, answer or entity ( see also Process Philosophy, Dynamism, Instrumentalism, Pragmatism and Vitalism ).

A study ( Lui 2006 ) presents a rigorous scientific experiment in which novice – novice pairs against novice solos experience significantly greater productivity gains than expert – expert pairs against expert solos.

Olav Hammer critiques as scientism Steiner's claim to use a scientific methodology to investigate spiritual phenomena based upon his claims of clairvoyant experience.

However, they believe such necessary universality can and should be achieved by developing a richer notion of morality through reason, experience and scientific inquiry rather than through faith in a supernatural realm or source.

This subjective experience is something that anyone can do — not scientific, objective observations but inner, subjective ones, what French philosopher Michel Henry calls " absolute subjectivity " or the " absolute phenomenological life ".

Fort's experience as a journalist, coupled with high wit egged on by a contrarian nature, prepared him for his real-life work, needling the pretensions of scientific positivism and the tendency of journalists and editors of newspapers and scientific journals to rationalise the scientifically incorrect.

The Protocol established a Biosafety Clearing-House ( BCH ), in order to facilitate the exchange of scientific, technical, environmental and legal information on, and experience with, living modified organisms ; and to assist Parties to implement the Protocol ( Article 20 of the Protocol, SCBD 2000 ).